SiewertⅡ型食管胃结合部腺癌不同手术入路临床研究

目的 探讨SiewertⅡ型食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)的手术入路（经胸腹联合入路、经胸入路、经腹入路）选择及临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2013年10月至2015年10月陆军军医大学大坪医院及重庆医科大学附属第一医院收治的手术治疗的60例SiewertⅡ型AEG病人的临床资料。其中17例采取腹腔镜手术中联合左胸小切口（胸腹联合组）;22例采用左胸后外侧切口（经胸组）;21例实施腹腔镜手术（经腹组）。比较3组病例的胸腹腔清扫淋巴结情况、食管及胃切缘距离肿瘤长度、肺部并发症情况、术后住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量以及无进展生存期。结果 （1）胸腔清扫淋巴结数：胸腹联合组与经胸组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,经腹组无法清扫胸腔淋巴结。（2）腹腔清扫淋巴结数：胸腹联合组多于经胸组（P<0.05）。（3）食管切缘长度：胸腹联合组大于经腹组（P<0.05）。（4）胃切缘长度：胸腹联合组大于经胸组（P<0.05）。（5）手术时间：经胸组较胸腹联合组短（P<0.05）。（6）术中出血量：胸腹联合组较经胸组明显减少（P<0.05）。（7）并发症：胸腹联合组未损伤膈肌,与经胸组相比肺部并发症发生率降低,住院时间明显缩短。术后随访示,胸腹联合组无进展生存期较经胸组和经腹组有所延长（P=0.048）。结论 采用腹腔镜联合左胸小切口有助于提高SiewertⅡ型AEG手术的根治性,减少手术的创伤和对呼吸循环系统的影响,病人康复更快。     

Effect of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors on prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis patients

Aim: Long‐term peritoneal dialysis (PD) may lead to peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. It had been demonstrated that the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the regulation of peritoneal function in rats on PD. We investigated the effects of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) on long‐term PD patients. Methods: We analyzed data from 66 patients treated with PD therapy at our centre for at least 12 months retrospectively, during which time at least two peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) were performed. Thirty‐eight patients were treated with ACE/angiotensin II (AII) inhibitors (ACE/ARB group); the other 28 received none of the above drugs during the entire follow up (control group). The expression of fibronectin, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), Aquaporin1 (AQP1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the overnight effluent were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The demographic data of the two groups showed no difference during the study. No difference between the groups was found with respect to residual renal function (RRF) at the start for both groups by the end of follow up, decreased in the vast majority of patients from both groups (P = 0.014). After 12 months, a significant difference in ultrafiltration was found between the two groups: in the control group it had decreased, while it had not changed in the ACE/ARB group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the baseline level, expression of fibronectin, TGF‐β1 and VEGF in dialysate effluent were significantly increased except for AQP1 in the control group (P < 0.05), but not in the ACE/ARB group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that ACE/AII inhibitors appeared to have a slower rate of decline in ultrafiltration and RRF, effectively protect against peritoneal fibrosis in long‐term peritoneal dialysis. Long‐term follow up seems to be required to draw more conclusions.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ调节肾脏球旁器颗粒细胞合成肾素的机制研究

目的 观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）对肾脏球旁器颗粒细胞肾素分泌的调节作用。 方法 密度梯度离心原代分离小鼠肾小球球旁器颗粒细胞（JGC）。实时定量PCR法检测JGC内血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）、AngⅡ受体（AT）1型和2型（AT1和AT2） mRNA表达。不同浓度的AngⅡ与球旁器细胞共孵育后,放射免疫法测定上清中肾素活性;实时定量PCR法测定细胞内肾素mRNA表达;化学发光法测定细胞内、外环磷酸腺苷（cAMP)水平的剂量和时间效应。改变细胞内钙离子浓度后,观察JGC内和上清中cAMP浓度改变。实时定量PCR法检测AngⅡ对JGC内腺苷酸环化酶（AC）5和AC6 mRNA表达的影响。 结果 成功分离的JGC存在ACE、AT基因表达。AngⅡ可抑制JGC肾素分泌[（370.6±36.9）比（299.6±25.7） ng AngI&#8226;ml-1&#8226;h-1,P = 0.014],并能抑制基础状态和前列腺素E2、去甲肾上腺素诱导的肾素mRNA表达。AngⅡ剂量依赖地降低JGC内和上清中cAMP水平。内质网上的Ca-ATP泵抑制剂毒胡萝卜内酯和环盐酸吗甲吡嗪酸均能剂量依赖地降低cAMP水平。细胞内钙离子螯合剂BAPTA-AM可降低细胞内钙离子浓度,进而使细胞内cAMP水平显著升高[（11.09±0.48）比（3.55±0.47） nmol/L,P < 0.01]。AngⅡ能通过减少42.12%的AC5 mRNA 表达,进而抑制肾素分泌。 结论 AngⅡ直接抑制肾素分泌可能是通过影响AC5,进而抑制cAMP表达来实现的。JGC内调节肾素分泌过程中,钙离子途径和GSα-cAMP两大信号传导途径中存在交联对话。     

腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术消化道重建的单中心经验

目的:对比线形吻合器与圆形吻合器在腹腔镜胃癌根治术(毕Ⅱ+布朗吻合)中的应用价值.方法:回顾分析2019年1月至2020年6月接受腹腔镜胃癌根治术(毕Ⅱ+布朗吻合)的116例患者的临床资料.根据吻合方式将患者分成两组,线形吻合器组(n=58)与圆形吻合器组(n=58),通过对比两组患者一般资料、手术情况及术后短期恢复情...     

体位复位经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 探讨体位复位经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效.方法 采用体位复位PVP治疗88例GenantⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者.分别记录GenantⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折患者的手术前后伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎后凸角、疼痛VAS评分,比较术后骨水泥渗漏情况.结果 患者均获得随访,时间3～12个月....     

罗格列酮对高血压大鼠的肾保护作用及其与血管紧张素Ⅱ受体表达的关系

目的 研究罗格列酮对高血压肾损伤的保护作用，及其与肾内血管紧张素Ⅱ(ATⅡ)受体表达的关系。 方法 两肾一夹高血压大鼠随机分为:(1)高血压未治疗组；(2)普通降压组(利血平50 µg·kg^-1·d^-1+二肼苯达嗪6.25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1+氢氯噻嗪6.25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)； (3)常规剂量罗格列酮组(罗格列酮5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)；(4)大剂量罗格列酮组(罗格列酮20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)。假手术大鼠作为对照。 结果 常规剂量罗格列酮组收缩压为(176±18) mm Hg，与高血压未治疗组(191±25) mm Hg相比，无显著差异。大剂量罗格列酮组收缩压为(143±16) mm Hg， 普通降压组收缩压为(137±27)mm Hg，与高血压未治疗组相比，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 在血压、血糖、血脂水平相似的情况下，大剂量罗格列酮组尿蛋白排泄率为(16.78±3.50)mg/24 h，较普通降压组(27.94±12.79)mg/24 h显著降低(P < 0.05)。未钳夹侧肾脏病理改变轻，大剂量罗格列酮组肾小球损伤指数为18.04±7.76，与普通降压组27.92±6.39相比，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；大剂量罗格列酮组微动脉壁/腔比为1.75±0.38，与普通降压组2.16±0.90相比，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；大剂量罗格列酮组2型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体(AT2R)mRNA表达上调。 结论 罗格列酮对高血压肾损伤具有保护作用，可能与其上调肾内AT2R表达有关。     

Erythropoietin modulates angiotensin II- or noradrenaline-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in cultured rat vascular smooth-muscle cells.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEpo) modulates the sensitivity of the cardiovascular system to angiotensin II (Ang II) or noradrenaline (NA). In the present study, we explored the effect of rHuEpo on the responsiveness of Ang II- or NA-induced cytosolic free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) mobilization in cultured rat vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMC). METHODS: [Ca(2+)]i concentrations in VSMC were measured by using the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. RESULTS: The addition of rHuEpo (250 U/ml) alone induced elevation in [Ca(2+)]i, which remained significantly elevated above basal level for at least 60 min in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+). Pre-incubation with specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C (1 micromol/l) significantly reduced the peak and the sustained elevations of [Ca(2+)]i. Pre-treatment with rHuEpo for 60 min increased both basal [Ca(2+)]i and the changes in [Ca(2+)]i by Ang II or NA in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+). The synergistic effects of rHuEpo with Ang II or NA were also retained when VSMC were bathed in the Ca(2+)-free medium after the pre-incubation of rHuEpo. Conversely, they were diminished in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+) combined with intracellular Ca(2+) release inhibitor 8-(NN-diethylamino)octyl-1,3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8). The synergistic effects of rHuEpo were also diminished by PKC depletion or by PKC inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that rHuEpo has synergistic effects on Ang II- or NA-induced [Ca(2+)]i mobilization, particularly on intracellular Ca(2+) release, in VSMC. This may be a potential mechanism contributing to hypertension associated with rHuEpo therapy.     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition attenuates renal platelet-derived growth factor gene expression and cell proliferation in subtotal nephrectomy

Cell proliferation, matrix accumulation and cell infiltration are characteristic features of progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), a cytokine which has proliferative, prosclerotic and chemokine properties, has been shown to be upregulated in the rat remnant kidney model. Inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system by angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has a beneficial effect on renal function and morphology, but the effect of ACE inhibition on PDGF gene expression and PDGF‐mediated cellular proliferation in subtotal nephrectomy has not been studied in detail. Twelve rats were subtotally nephrectomized (STNx) and received either the ACE inhibitor perindopril or a placebo for 12 weeks. Five sham‐operated rats served as controls. Subtotal nephrectomy was associated with hypertension, proteinuria, elevated plasma creatinine and increased kidney weight. After 12 weeks, PDGF B‐chain mRNA was significantly upregulated in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of subtotally nephrectomized rats. ACE inhibition attenuated PDGF mRNA expression in association with a reduction in tubular and glomerular proliferation, as assessed by staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In the context of the known in vitro and in vivo effects of PDGF, it is postulated that the renoprotective action of ACE inhibitors may be partially related to PDGF‐mediated antiproliferative mechanisms.     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and the ACE Alu polymorphism in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies concerning Alu I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and ADPKD severity have used the Alu genotypes as a representative of the true biological variable, namely ACE activity. However, wide individual and ethnic differences in the proportion of variance in ACE activity explained by the I/D genotype may have confounded these studies. This investigation examines the association between ADPKD severity and ACE in terms of plasma enzyme activity and I/D genotypes in individuals from three different countries. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 307 ADPKD patients (116 Australian, 124 Bulgarian and 67 Polish) for determination of ACE activity levels and I/D genotypes. Chronic renal failure (CRF) was present in 117 patients and end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in 68 patients. RESULTS: ACE activity was related to the I/D genotype, showing a dosage effect of the D allele (P=0.006). The proportion of variance due to the Alu polymorphism was 14%. No difference in ACE activity and I/D genotype distribution was found between patients with CRF versus normal renal function (P=0.494; P=0.576) or between those with ESRF versus those without ESRF (P=0.872; P=0.825). No effect of the I/D genotype on age at development and progression to renal failure (CRF; ESRF) was detected in the overall group, and in subgroups based on ethnic origin, linkage status and sex. CONCLUSION: ACE is not likely to play a role as a determinant of ADPKD phenotype severity.     

Haemodynamic effects of valsartan in acute renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: Acute deterioration of renal function is an important side-effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, especially if accompanied by other nephrotoxic events. Angiotensin II receptor(1) blockers (ARB) are thought to have fewer side-effects on renal perfusion and function. We examined the effects of valsartan (VAL) on kidney function as well as the contribution of the nitric oxide (NO) system in a rat model of ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF). METHODS: ARF was induced by 40 min of clamping of both renal arteries in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal haemodynamic and tubular parameters were determined during post-ischaemic infusion of vehicle, VAL, VAL and the NO-synthase substrate L-arginine, and VAL together with inhibition of NO synthases (NOS) by L-NMMA. RESULTS: Clamping induced acute renal failure with marked decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) accompanied by a rise in renal vascular resistance (RVR) and fractional sodium excretion. Valsartan caused a slight but significant improvement of GFR and RPF without full recovery of renal function and caused a lowering of RVR and tubular sodium loss. L-arginine-co-administration had no additive beneficial effect. Valsartan-induced changes were not significantly depressed by unspecific inhibition of NOS. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of the angiotensin II-receptor(1) diminishes the deleterious effects of ischaemia and reperfusion on glomerular function and on the renal microcirculation. An involvement of the NO system could not be demonstrated.