Updates in biological therapies for knee injuries: menisci

The preservation of meniscal tissue is paramount for long-term joint function, especially in younger patients who are athletically active. Many studies have reported encouraging results following the repair of meniscus tears, including both simple longitudinal tears located in the periphery and complex multiplanar tears that extend into the central third avascular region. However, most types of meniscal lesions are managed with a partial meniscectomy. Options to restore the meniscus range from an allograft transplantation to the use of synthetic and biological technologies. Recent studies have demonstrated good long-term outcomes with meniscal allograft transplantation, although the indications and techniques continue to evolve, and the long-term chondroprotective potential of this approach has yet to be determined. Several synthetic implants, most of which are approved in the European market, have shown some promise for replacing part of or the entire meniscus, including collagen meniscal implants, hydrogels, and polymer scaffolds. Currently, there is no ideal implant generated by means of tissue engineering. However, meniscus tissue engineering is a fast developing field that promises to develop an implant that mimics the histologic and biomechanical properties of a native meniscus.     

The Physiologic Basis of Surgery

Four methods of allograft tendon-to-muscle anastomosis were tested in single cycle distraction to failure using 10 anastomosed ovine calcaneal tendon-biceps brachii units. The tendon-muscle units were compared to intact ovine biceps brachii muscle units. Methods of tendon-to-muscle anastomosis were derived from modifications of existing muscle tendon repair and tenorrhaphy techniques. Load to failure (N), stiffness (N/cm), distraction (cm), and modes of failure were recorded. Of the four methods tested, the side-to-side technique demonstrated the highest load to failure (152.1 N), the greatest stiffness (17.6 N/cm), the least distraction (2.99 cm) before failure, and the least amount of muscle tissue trauma at failure. Results indicate that, of the methods tested, the side-to-side technique offers the greatest initial stability and should therefore allow adequate revascularization and healing of the anastomosis site.     

锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与锁定钢板单独使用治疗肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

文题释义：肱骨近端骨折：属于发生率较高的骨折，骨折位置在肱骨外科颈以远1.0-2.0 cm到肱骨头关节面之间，随着人口老龄化的加剧，肱骨近端骨折发生率呈上升的趋势，肱骨近端骨折的最佳治疗方式也存在争议。   锁定钢板联合异体腓骨：依次切开皮肤、组织，暴露肱骨近端，选择合适的异体腓骨插入髓腔，利用同种异体腓骨的支撑作用及克氏针的撬拨作用临时复位肱骨近端骨折处，之后采用合适大小的锁定钢板对骨折端进行固定。 背景：肱骨近端骨折的最佳治疗方式一直存在着争议，其中使用锁定钢板的开放复位内固定是治疗肱骨近端骨折的一种常用方法，近年有许多研究指出锁定钢板联合异体腓骨可以获得更好的刚性结构。 目的：系统评价锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与锁定钢板单独使用治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法：截止至2020年1月，在中国知网、万方数据库、维普、PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library等数据库收集锁定钢板与锁定钢板联合异体腓骨治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效对比的文献进行质量评价。采用国际Cochrane协作组提供的RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析，比较锁定钢板组与锁定钢板组联合异体腓骨组在美国肩肘外科医师学会评分、Constant评分、肱骨头高度丢失值、颈干角变化值、术后并发症总发生率、二次手术率、螺钉切出率及肱骨头坏死率方面的差异。结果与结论：①纳入8项研究，共623例患者；②结果显示，锁定钢板联合异体腓骨和单纯锁定钢板在术后随访末期美国肩肘外科医师学会评分(95%CI：4.29-6.84，P < 0.05)、Constant评分(95%CI：6.46-15.10，P < 0.05)、肱骨头高度丢失值(95%CI：-3.24至-2.07，P < 0.05)、颈干角变化值(95% CI：-7.20至-5.95，P < 0.05)、并发症总发生率(95%CI：0.18-0.51，P < 0.05)及螺钉切出率(95% CI：0.13-0.65，P < 0.05)等方面差异有显著性意义；③但2种方法在二次手术率(95%CI：0.13-1.14，P > 0.05)及肱骨头坏死率(95% CI：0.41-2.11，P > 0.05)等方面差异无显著性意义；④提示锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与单纯锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折在美国肩肘外科医师学会评分、Constant评分、肱骨头高度丢失值、颈干角变化值、术后并发症发生率、螺钉切出率方面更具优势，但在二次手术率及肱骨头缺血性坏死方面没有明显差异。 ORCID: 0000-0003-2626-8833(涂冬鹏) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

Tunica albuginea allograft： a new model of LaPeyronie＇s disease with penile curvature and subtunical ossification

The pathophysiology of LaPeyronie＇s disease （PD） is considered to be multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, trauma, inflammation and altered wound healing. However, these factors have not yet been validated using animal models. In this study, we have presented a new model obtained by tunica albuginea allograft. A total of 40, 16-week-old male rats were used. Of these, 8 rats served as controls and underwent a 10 × 2-mm-wide tunical excisionwith subsequent autografting, whereas the remaining 32 underwent the same excision with grafting of the defect with another rat＇s tunica. Morphological and functional testing was performed at 1, 3, 7 and 12 weeks after grafting. Intracavernous pressure, the degree of penile curvature and elastic fiber length were evaluated for comparison between the allograft and control groups. The tissues were obtained for histological examination. The penile curvature was significantly greater in the allografted rats as compared with the control rats. The erectile function was maintained in all rats, except in those assessed at 12 weeks. The elastin fiber length was decreased in the allografted tunica as compared to control. SMAD2 expression was detected in the inner part of the allograff, and both collagen-Ⅱ- and osteocalcin-positive cells were also noted. Tunica albuginea （TA） allograft in rats is an excellent model of PD. The persistence of curvature beyond 12 weeks and the presence of ossification in the inner layer of the TA were similar to those observed in men with PD. Validation studies using this animal model would aid understanding of the PD pathophysiology for effective therapeutic interventions.     

Avancées thérapeutiques majeures et nouvelles perspectives en onco-hématologie

Hematology Oncology has a rich history including few crucial therapeutic innovations. These were possible because of the evolution of the cell and molecular biology allowing a better understanding of basic mechanisms of cancerogenesis. We propose here to summarize the most important therapeutic innovations since the beginning of Hematology/Oncology history. We also describe evolution of therapeutic strategies themselves. New insights and therapeutic perspectives for next future are also discussed.