免疫亲和柱净化UPLC-MS-MS测定天麻药材中黄曲霉毒素的含量

目的：研究建立了免疫亲和柱净化UPLC-MS-MS测定天麻药材中黄曲霉毒素B₁,B₂,G₁,G₂的含量测定方法。方法：采用甲醇溶液超声提取、玻璃纤维滤纸滤过、黄曲霉毒素亲和免疫柱净化的方法对天麻药材样品进行处理,以超高液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪（UPLC-MS-MS）对黄曲霉毒素B₁,B₂,G₁,G₂含量进行研究并测定。结果：被测定的4种黄曲霉毒素分别在选定的范围内线性关系良好,精密度、重复性、准确度均良好,利用标准参考物质对本方法的验证结果良好,采用所建立的方法对30批不同产地天麻药材中黄曲霉毒素B₁,B₂,G₁,G₂含量进行了测定,结果均未检出。结论：该方法科学、可行、方便、快速,适用于对天麻药材中黄曲霉毒素B₁,B₂,G₁,G₂进行含量测定。     

免疫亲和柱净化-在线柱后光化学衍生 HPLC-FLD 检测莲子中黄曲霉毒素B1, B2, G1, G2及其液质确证

目的:建立高效液相色谱-在线柱后光化学衍生-荧光检测器检测药食同源中药材莲子中黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的含量,并采用液质联用法进行确证。方法:样品以甲醇-水(80∶20)溶液提取,经免疫亲和柱净化后,利用在线柱后光化学衍生-HPLC-FLD进行分析测定。并进一步采用LC-MS/MS对阳性样品进行确证。结果:在优化条件下,黄曲霉毒素B1,G1在0.3～30μg.L-1,黄曲霉毒素B2,G2在0.09～9.0μg.L-1线性关系良好,r>0.999 9,回收率86.7%～99.1%,RSD<4.87%。黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的检测限(LOD)分别为0.08,0.03,0.10,0.03μg.kg-1。所测的20批莲子样品中,有14批样品的黄曲霉毒素检测结果呈阳性,其中黄曲霉毒素B1的污染水平为0.40～586μg.kg-1,黄曲霉毒素总量(B1+B2+G1+G2)的污染水平为0.40～602.5μg.kg-1。通过LC-MS/MS确证,在与对照品相同的保留时间处,样品与对照品有相同的特征离子碎片,排除了样品假阳性的可能。结论:该方法简便快速,灵敏度高,重复性好,适用于莲子中黄曲霉毒素的检测。     

Aflatoxin Control in Maize by Trametes versicolor

Aspergillus flavus is a well-known ubiquitous fungus able to contaminate both in pre- and postharvest period different feed and food commodities. During their growth, these fungi can synthesise aflatoxins, secondary metabolites highly hazardous for animal and human health. The requirement of products with low impact on the environment and on human health, able to control aflatoxin production, has increased. In this work the effect of the basidiomycete Trametes versicolor on the aflatoxin production by A. flavus both in vitro and in maize, was investigated. The goal was to propose an environmental loyal tool for a significant control of aflatoxin production, in order to obtain feedstuffs and feed with a high standard of quality and safety to enhance the wellbeing of dairy cows. The presence of T. versicolor, grown on sugar beet pulp, inhibited the production of aflatoxin B1 in maize by A. flavus. Furthermore, treatment of contaminated maize with culture filtrates of T. versicolor containing ligninolytic enzymes, showed a significant reduction of the content of aflatoxin B1.     

Critical Assessment of Mycotoxins in Beverages and Their Control Measures

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi that contaminate food products such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, beverages, and other agricultural commodities. Their occurrence in the food chain, especially in beverages, can pose a serious risk to human health, due to their toxicity, even at low concentrations. Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), fumonisins (FBs), trichothecenes (TCs), zearalenone (ZEN), and the alternaria toxins including alternariol, altenuene, and alternariol methyl ether have largely been identified in fruits and their derived products, such as beverages and drinks. The presence of mycotoxins in beverages is of high concern in some cases due to their levels being higher than the limits set by regulations. This review aims to summarize the toxicity of the major mycotoxins that occur in beverages, the methods available for their detection and quantification, and the strategies for their control. In addition, some novel techniques for controlling mycotoxins in the postharvest stage are highlighted.     

远志黄曲霉毒素检测及其贮藏过程中黄曲霉菌变化研究

目的 研究不同产地远志中黄曲霉毒素B₁、B₂、G₁、G₂（AFB₁、AFB₂、AFG₁、AFG₂）的污染情况及贮藏过程中黄曲霉菌的变化。方法 收集12批不同产地的远志药材,采用性状、显微及DNA分子鉴定方法对其表面的黄曲霉菌进行鉴定;利用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定其黄曲霉毒素含量;通过稀释平板法观察远志在北京贮藏6个月以来其表面黄曲霉菌的变化情况。结果 12批远志药材表面均分离鉴定出了黄曲霉菌,且全部检出黄曲霉毒素,其中33.3%的样品超过《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版中远志项下黄曲霉毒素B₁、黄曲霉毒素总量的限定标准。结合北京的气候条件分析,在温度、湿度较高的夏季,远志表面的黄曲霉菌数量最多,在温、湿度较低的秋冬季节,远志表面的黄曲霉菌数量较低。结论 远志表面黄曲霉毒素污染问题十分严重,贮藏条件的温度、湿度变化对远志表面的黄曲霉菌数量有很大影响,可作为优化远志贮藏条件的参考依据。     

淡豆豉炮制中黄曲霉毒素产毒株的筛选鉴定和产毒能力测定

目的 对淡豆豉炮制过程中产黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxins,AFTs)的微生物(简称产毒菌)进行筛选鉴定、定量分析和产毒能力测定.方法 运用紫外荧光法初筛淡豆豉炮制中各样本的产毒菌并菌落计数;对初筛菌株的18S rDNA序列进行PCR扩增、测序,测序结果经NCBI同源性比对、MEGA7.0软件构建系统发育树进行分子生物...     

中国部分地区花生中4种黄曲霉毒素污染调查

目的 了解中国花生中黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)、黄曲霉毒素B(AFB₂)、黄曲霉毒素G₁(AFG₁)和黄曲霉毒素G₂(AFG₂)的污染状况。方法 从吉林省、河南省、湖北省、四川省、广东省和广西自治区采集花生样品,用高效液相色谱测定黄曲霉毒素含量。结果 共测定197份花生,115份阳性,平均浓度为91.74μg/kg;四川省、吉林省、广东省、广西省、湖北省和河南省样品阳性率依次为53.12%(17/32)、66.67%(22/33)、63.64%(21/33)、61.76%(21/34)、60.00%(21/35)和43.33%(13/30),平均浓度依次为244.96、136.74、94.11、44.30、22.20和0.33μg/kg;4种毒素中AFB₁阳性率和平均浓度最高,分别为58.38%和77.77μg/kg;AFB₂、AFG1和AFG2的阳性率和平均浓度依次降低。结论 花生的黄曲霉毒素污染比较普遍,调查的各地样品均有不同程度污染;4种毒素中以AFB₁污染为主。     

黄曲霉毒素人血清白蛋白加合物水平与肝癌的分子流行病学研究

目的探讨黄曲霉毒素人血清白蛋白加合物（ＡＦＴ－ＨＳＡ）水平与肝癌危险的关系。方法对１９９６年在江苏省海门市进行的以人群为基础的病例对照研究对象６４对血清、一般人群中１９８７年和１９９２年分别采集的血清１２份和２４份，应用夹心酶联免疫吸附测定（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法测定黄曲霉毒素血清白蛋白加合物水平。结果病例组中加合物水平明显高于对照组（ｔ＝３．５０９８，Ｐ＜０．００１），且肝癌危险度随加合物水平升高而明显增高（χ２趋势＝１５．１４２，Ｐ＝０．０００１）。比较１９８４年、１９９２年和１９９６年当地居民加合物水平，１９９２年和１９９６年明显下降。结论改粮使得当地居民摄入黄曲霉毒素量有所下降，但黄曲霉毒素污染仍可能是当地肝癌高发的危险因素之一。