真菌诱导子对人参毛状根皂苷生物合成和生长的影响

目的 :考察真菌诱导子对人参毛状根的生长和人参皂苷生物合成影响。方法 :提取黄瓜炭疽病菌Colletorichumlagnarinm、青菜炭疽病菌Phomafiltrate、棉花枯萎病菌Fusariumoxysponum、黑曲霉Asperillusniger中的真菌诱导子与人参毛状根共培养 ,应用HPLC及比色法对培养物中总苷及几种单体皂苷进行分析测定。结果 :真菌诱导子不但能影响人参毛状根总苷的合成量 ,也能使某些单体皂苷消失或增加 ,如培养液中黑曲霉多糖诱导子增加到 20mg·L^-1浓度时 ,使总苷含量增加到 3.649% ,而单体皂苷中Rg₁和Re未检出 ,Rg₂ 和Rb₁的含量则有明显增加 ,并可促进人参毛状根的生长。结论 :真菌诱导子对人参毛状根某些皂苷的合成具有特异性 ,同时也影响人参毛状根的生物量。培养过程中通过外源性诱导子的添加 ,有利于人参毛状根次生代谢产物的定向积累。     

Endodontic retreatment of a lower canine associated with a periapical lesion: case report of an unusual anatomy

ObjectivesTo describe the endodontic orthograde retreatment of a lower canine with a rare anatomy, affected by a symptomatic periapical lesion.Materials and methodsA 30-year-old Caucasian woman came to our office reporting severe pain and swelling located at the right mandible. A two-roots/two-canals configuration was discovered for the lower canine which sustained the periapical infection; a missed lingual canal was not recognized and treated at the previous primary endodontic therapy.A full pre-operative examination and diagnosis, the application of modern endodontic strategies along with the use of magnification technologies (like the Surgical Operating Microscope - SOM) and proper disinfection protocols were employed for endodontic re-treatment.Result and conclusionsHealing of the periapical infection was clinically and radiographically confirmed at a 9-month follow-up. Endodontists should know the anatomical variations of human teeth and be vigilant about them when approaching treatments. More than a single radiographic projection is recommended in the diagnostic phase.Careful procedures related to instrumentation, cleaning and filling of the entire root canal system enhance the potential for healing of apical lesions.     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取南板蓝根多糖工艺

【目的】采用优选超声波法提取南板蓝根多糖的最佳工艺条件,为南板蓝根多糖的开发研究提供理论依据。【方法】选定提取温度、时间及水料比作为影响因素,以南板蓝根多糖提取率为评价指标。在单因素试验的基础上,通过3因素3水平Box-Behnken设计试验,建立多糖提取率的二次多项式回归方程,采用响应面回归分析得到优化组合条件。【结果】最佳提取工艺为提取温度60℃,提取时间35 min,水料比24．5∶1（V∶m, mL/g）,南板蓝根多糖的提取率为83．7 mg/g。【结论】此方法具有简单、快捷、高效等优点,可为南板蓝根多糖的综合开发应用奠定理论基础。     

3.0T MR IDEAL序列成像应用于腰骶神经根受压的初步临床研究

目的探讨IDEAL技术在腰椎间盘突出症中显示腰骶神经受压的临床应用价值。方法将明显腰腿痛并腰椎间盘突出的患者40例作为观察组,正常志愿者10例作为对照组,行腰骶神经根IDEAL序列冠状位薄层扫描和常规扫描,所有图像均经最大信号强度投影(MIP)和曲面重建(CPR)后处理,观察腰骶神经根的受压特点及其与突出椎间盘与邻近组织的关系。结果观察组40例中有92组腰椎间盘不同程度的疝出,而由此引起的神经根受压共81组,其中神经根侧隐窝段受压的概率显著大于椎管内段,但是任何部位的神经根受压好发生于同侧还是双侧受压并没有统计学意义(P=0.338)。另有4组神经根受压由增厚的黄韧带或骨质增生引起;有6组由神经根鞘囊肿引起。受压神经根的影像学表现为:(1)神经根局部缺损样压迹;(2)走行的改变;(3)形态的改变,包括局部肿胀,甚至截断样改变;(4)与邻近组织局部粘连,边界不清,边缘模糊;(5)局部脑脊髓间隙变窄或消失。结论 IDEAL序列能直观显示腰骶神经根与邻近结构的关系及受压特点,能够对神经根受压作出准确的定位和受压程度评估,对判断腰骶神经受压、损伤等具有一定的临床诊断价值,也能为临床早期选择正确的治疗方案及疗效观察提供可靠的参考依据。     

Melatonin promotes adventitious root regeneration in in vitro shoot tip explants of the commercial sweet cherry rootstocks CAB-6P (Prunus cerasus L.), Gisela 6 (P. cerasus × P. canescens), and MxM 60 (P. avium × P. mahaleb)

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to test the effects of melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine), a natural compound of edible plants on the rooting of certain commercial sweet cherry rootstocks. Shoot tip explants from previous in vitro cultures of the cherry rootstocks CAB‐6P (Prunus cerasus L.), Gisela 6 (P. cerasus × P. canescens), and M × M 60 (P. avium × P. mahaleb) were included in the experiment. The effect of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) alone or in combination with melatonin was tested concerning their rooting potential. Seven concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μm ) alone or in combination with 5.71 μm of IAA or 4.92 μm of IBA were tested. For each rootstock, 21 treatments were included. The explants were grown in glass tubes containing 10 mL of substrate. The parameters measured include rooting percentage, number of roots per rooted explant, root length, and callus formation. The data presented in this study show that melatonin has a rooting promoting effect at a low concentration but a growth inhibitory effect at high concentrations. In the absence of auxin, 1 μm melatonin had auxinic response concerning the number and length of roots, but 10 μm melatonin was inhibitory to rooting in all the tested rootstocks. The final conclusion of this experiment is that exogenously applied melatonin acted as a rooting promoter and its action was similar to that of IAA.     

Singleton–Merten syndrome: An autosomal dominant disorder with variable expression

In 1973, Singleton and Merten described two females with abnormal dentition, unique radiographic changes especially of the hands, and severe calcification and intimal weakening of the aortic arch and valve. Since then three additional cases with similar features have been reported and the diagnosis was suggested in another three individuals. We present an update of one case and the detailed clinical phenotype of six other cases with Singleton–Merten syndrome. The occurrence of the disorder in six members of two families and vertical male‐to‐male transmission indicate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Variability in phenotype, also within a single family, is significant. Core manifestations are marked aortic calcification, dental anomalies (delayed eruption and immature root formation of primarily the anterior permanent teeth, and early loss of permanent teeth due to short roots, acute root resorption, high caries, and aggressive alveolar bone loss), osteopenia and acro‐osteolysis, and to a lesser extend also glaucoma, psoriasis, muscle weakness, and joint laxity. Additional clinical characteristics described here include particular facial characteristics (high anterior hairline, broad forehead, smooth philtrum, thin upper vermillion) and abnormal joint and muscle ligaments. The cause and pathogenesis of this syndrome remain unknown. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

下腰椎脊神经根发出部位与盘黄间隙解剖关系的临床研究

目的 探讨下腰椎脊神经根分出部位与盘黄间隙的解剖关系在腰椎退行性疾病的应用.方法 回顾性分析167 例经后路手术治疗存在盘黄间隙狭窄的下腰椎退行性疾病患者的临床资料.根据术前MRI显视和术中所见,将下腰椎脊神经根分出部位与盘黄间隙的解剖关系分为三种类型,Ⅰ型：分出部位在盘黄间隙上缘或以上;Ⅱ型：分出部位在盘黄间隙中部区域;Ⅲ型：分出部位在盘黄间隙下缘或以下;盘黄间隙狭窄分为轻度（2～5 mm）和重度（小于2 mm）.对不同类型及分度进行统计学分析.结果 Ⅰ型（88节段）：L3～40节段、L4～521节段、L5S167节段;Ⅱ型（69节段）：L3～44节段、L4～554节段、L5S111节段;Ⅲ型（33节段）：L3～416节段、L4～517节段、L5S10节段;各型节段间隙差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.各型所占轻、重度盘黄间隙狭窄数差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 下腰椎脊神经根发出部位在盘黄间隙从L3～4到L5S1有上移的趋势;Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型患者轻度下腰椎盘黄间隙狭窄易出现神经根性症状,Ⅲ型患者常表现为重度盘黄间隙狭窄.明确脊神经根发出的部位与盘黄间隙之间的关系,有利于明确相关腰椎退行性疾病的部位诊断和减压范围.     

单侧椎板成形与全椎板切除术后C5神经根麻痹发生率分析

目的 探讨颈椎后路全椎板切除辅助钉棒系统固定与后路单侧椎板成形辅助微型钢板固定术后C5神经根麻痹发生率及其他手术相关并发症差异。 方法 回顾性分析因本院行颈后路减压手术患者105例,其中49例患者行后路全椎板切除辅助钉棒系统固定,56例患者行后路单侧椎板成形术微型钢板内固定术。所有患者手术前后均进行日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association, JOA）评分及影像学评估。 结果 2组患者术后C5神经根麻痹发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2种手术方式神经功能改善率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 C5神经根麻痹发生可能与术后颈髓漂移造成神经根牵拉有关。单侧椎板成形辅助微型钢板固定并发症较少,但单侧椎板成形术对颈椎没有矫形作用。