大孔吸附树脂分离纯化川明参茎叶中的总黄酮

目的 研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化川明参茎叶中总黄酮的工艺条件及参数.方法 以川明参茎叶中总黄酮的吸附量和解吸率为指标筛选大孔吸附树脂,研究所选树脂对川明参茎叶中总黄酮的吸附和解吸特性,并优化纯化的条件.结果 AB-8型大孔树脂对川明参茎叶中总黄酮的静态饱和吸附量为50.52 mg·g~(-1)、解析率大于70%,动态吸附量为20.76 mg·g~(-1)、解析率86%;上柱前初提物中川明参总黄酮的含量为11.7%,经大孔吸附树脂分离纯化后产品中的总黄酮含量达26.74%,提高了2.29倍;总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性成正比.结论 AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对川明参茎叶中的总黄酮有较好的分离纯化效果,总黄酮是川明参茎叶中的主要抗氧化活性成分.     

大孔吸附树脂富集参血胶囊中人参皂苷Rb1的工艺研究

目的 研究大孔吸附树脂富集参血胶囊中人参皂苷Rb₁的工艺条件。方法 采用HP1100高效液相色谱仪ZORBAX SB-C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),紫外检测波长：203 nm,流动相：乙腈-水(30∶70)对人参皂苷Rb₁进行测定。以树脂的比吸附量、比洗脱量及人参皂苷Rb₁含量为指标,对树脂类型进行筛选,同时进行洗涤溶剂的选择,及应用L₉(3⁴)正交实验进行洗脱条件的研究,从而确定大孔吸附树脂纯化工艺参数。结果 人参皂苷Rb₁在0.752~9.4 μg内呈现良好的线性关系,确定洗涤溶剂为0.5 mol·L^-1 NaOH溶液,最佳洗脱条件：提取液上柱后静置12 h,用15倍60%的乙醇溶液,以流速1.0 mL·min^-1进行洗脱。在此条件下,所得的人参皂苷Rb₁含量较高。结论 该法简便、专属性强,可用于参血胶囊中人参皂苷Rb₁的提取。     

Immunomodulatory effects of selective leucocytapheresis as a new adjunct to interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin combination therapy: a prospective study in patients with high plasma HCV viraemia

Efficacy of interferon-alpha2b (IFN) + ribavirin (IFN/RBV) combination in patients with high plasma hepatitis C virus (HCV) is very poor. Dysregulated CD4+ /CD8+ T cells is involved in both impaired cell-mediated immunity and resistance to IFN. Adsorptive granulocytes and monocytes apheresis (GMA) can remove infected leucocytes which are extrahepatic HCV reservoirs and also has been associated with intriguing immunomodulation and increases in CD4+ T cells. Our aim was to see if GMA enhances the efficacy of IFN/RBV. Twenty-four patients, 13 IFN resistant and 11 IFN naive were enrolled. Seventeen were genotype 1b and 7 were 2a or 2b. Mean plasma HCV-RNA was 612.9 (100-850) kIU/mL and alanine aminotransferase, 108 (41-373) U/L. GMA was performed with Adacolumn at one session/day for five consecutive days and IFN/RBV was started within 24 h after the last GMA session. Daily 6 million units of IFN, six times/week for 2 weeks and then three times/week for 22 weeks were given with RBV (600-800 mg/day/patient). Patients were followed for 6 months. GMA was associated with a significant increase in lymphocyte counts, complement activation fragment C3a and falls in tissue necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-8 produced by peripheral blood leucocytes. At week 24, 20 of 24 patients (83%) were HCV negative and by end of follow-up (week 49), the remission was sustained in 14 of 24 patients (58%) including 100% of patients with 2a or 2b. In conclusion, enhanced efficacy of IFN/RBV following GMA might be attributed to a more efficient immune function and a renewed IFN signaling towards HCV.     

硫酸双肼屈嗪在碳糊电极上的吸附伏安测定法的研究

目的:研究硫酸双肼屈嗪在碳糊电极上的电化学行为及检测方法。方法:在0.1molL-1氢氧化钠底液中,通过富集用碳糊电极吸附伏安法测定硫酸双肼屈嗪。结果:阴极峰电位为-0.224 V（vs.SCE）,峰电流与硫酸双肼屈嗪的浓度在2.8×10-7～39×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。该方法的检出下限为5.7×10-8mol·L-1。对常压片中硫酸双肼屈嗪含量用本法进行了测定,获得了满意的结果。结论:本方法的优点是成本低,操作方便,重现性好及检测下限较低。本文对电极响应机理进行了探讨,硫酸双肼屈嗪的电极过程是一个两电子两质子的准可逆过程。     

大孔吸附树脂富集纯化牛膝总皂苷研究

目的应用大孔吸附树脂富集纯化牛膝总皂苷。方法牛膝醇提液上大孔吸附树脂柱,以水及不同浓度乙醇依次洗脱,考察牛膝总皂苷的洗脱率和纯度。结果牛膝总皂苷富集于50%乙醇洗脱液部分,洗脱率在58.42%以上。结论采用大孔吸附树脂方法富集、纯化牛膝总皂苷可行。     

Efficacy of cytapheresis in patients with ulcerative colitis showing insufficient or lost response to biologic therapy

For the optimal management of refractory ulcerative colitis (UC), secondary loss of response (LOR) and primary non-response to biologics is a critical issue. This article aimed to summarize the current literature on the use of cytapheresis (CAP) in patients with UC showing a poor response or LOR to biologics and discuss its advantages and limitations. Further, we summarized the efficacy of CAP in patients with UC showing insufficient response to thiopurines or immunomodulators (IM). Eight studies evaluated the efficacy of CAP in patients with UC with inadequate responses to thiopurines or IM. There were no significant differences in the rate of remission and steroid-free remission between patients exposed or not exposed to thiopurines or IM. Three studies evaluated the efficacy of CAP in patients with UC showing an insufficient response to biologic therapies. Mean remission rates of biologics exposed or unexposed patients were 29.4 % and 44.2%, respectively. Fourteen studies evaluated the efficacy of CAP in combination with biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease showing a poor response or LOR to biologics. The rates of remission/response and steroid-free remission in patients with UC ranged 32%-69% (mean: 48.0%, median: 42.9%) and 9%-75% (mean: 40.7%, median: 38%), respectively. CAP had the same effectiveness for remission induction with or without prior failure on thiopurines or IM but showed little benefit in patients with UC refractory to biologics. Although heterogeneity existed in the efficacy of the combination therapy with CAP and biologics, these combination therapies induced clinical remission/response and steroid-free remission in more than 40% of patients with UC refractory to biologics on average. Given the excellent safety profile of CAP, this combination therapy can be an alternative therapeutic strategy for UC refractory to biologics. Extensive prospective studies are needed to understand the efficacy of combination therapy with CAP and biologics.     

竹节参总皂苷的大孔吸附树脂纯化与离子交换树脂脱色工艺研究

目的优化竹节参总皂苷大孔吸附树脂纯化和离子交换树脂脱色的工艺方法。方法以竹节参皂苷IVa为对照品,采用香草醛-高氯酸显色后用分光光度法测定竹节参总皂苷的量;以动态吸附和静态解吸附实验方法筛选适宜型号的大孔吸附树脂并优化分离纯化工艺参数;以竹节参总皂苷保留率、脱色率为指标筛选合适类型的离子脱色树脂并优化其脱色效果。结果 X-5型大孔吸附树脂对竹节参总皂苷有较好的纯化效果,其最佳纯化条件为上样质量浓度为生药0.2 mg/m L,上样量为每克树脂10 g生药,洗脱剂为70%乙醇,洗脱剂用量为每克树脂5 m L;脱色工艺研究表明,732型阳离子交换树脂对大孔吸附树脂法得到的竹节参皂苷粗品具有良好的脱色效果,优化后的脱色工艺的操作方法是大孔吸附树脂醇洗脱液经回收溶剂至无醇味后,调整浓缩液p H值为10,上样于732型阳离子交换树脂,收集流出液脱色率大于50%的馏份,此时每克树脂脱色竹节参总皂苷量为290.5 mg。经减压干燥后,最终获得的精制竹节参总皂苷外观呈类白色至黄白色,其质量分数大于85.0%,总转移率超过70.0%。结论建立的方法能较好地分离纯化竹节参总皂苷,适用于工业化生产。     

阿夫唑嗪的吸附伏安特性

对阿夫唑嗪(1)的电化学行为用单扫示波极谱、循环伏安法和常规脉冲极谱法等进行研究,确定了吸附伏安法测定1的最佳条件.在0.01mol/LKH