树脂吸附法在中草药有效成分提取中的应用

介绍了树脂吸附法在中草药有效成分（包括黄酮类、皂苷类、生物碱类及穿心莲内酯、栀子黄素等）的提取、纯化方面的应用最新进展。     

山楂中总黄酮几种提取分离方法的考察及含量测定

目的 考察几种提取方法对山楂果中总黄酮含量的影响。方法 采用不同的提取方法获得山楂浸膏,经大孔吸附树脂分离提取有效成分。结果 以甲醇为溶剂,用索氏提取器提取经大孔吸附树脂分离,提取效率最高（2.00%）;以60％乙醇为溶剂,超声提取经大孔吸附树脂分离,提取效率较高（1.96%）。结论 以60％乙醇为溶剂,超声提取,经大孔吸附树脂分离,提取效率较高,且方法简便易行,适于大规模生产。     

Methods of reducing the level of indoxyl sulfate – one of the most potent protein-bound uremic toxins

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with accumulation of uremic toxins, especially indoxyl sulfate (IS). IS has multi-directional, adverse influence on the organism, and is connected with cardiovascular and bone diseases. These properties make reducing level of IS so important issue. This article reviews methods allowing to reduce concentration of IS. Authors present methods like dialysis, using albumin-binding competitors, trans-cellular transporters and adsorbents, facilitation of dissociation from albumin, as well as modification of diet and intestinal bacteria. Despite the continued improvement and invention of new strategies, development of effective and safety methods of IS removing is still a challenge for researchers.     

Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins: New Culprits of Cardiovascular Events in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although great advances have recently been made in the pathophysiology and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, CKD remains a major global health problem. Moreover, the occurrence rates of cardiovascular events among CKD patients increase even in cases in which patients undergo hemodialysis, and the mechanisms underlying the so-called “cardiorenal syndrome” are not clearly understood. Recently, small-molecule uremic toxins have been associated with cardiovascular mortality in CKD and/or dialysis patients. These toxins range from small uncharged solutes to large protein-bound structures. In this review, we focused on protein-bound uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, which are poorly removed by current dialysis techniques. Several studies have demonstrated that protein-bound uremic toxins, especially indoxyl sulfate, induce vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular calcification, which may explain the relatively poor prognosis of CKD and dialysis patients. The aim of this review is to provide novel insights into the effects of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.     

选择性脱除丹参提取液中重金属的吸附剂制备研究

目的以分子筛为主要原料,开发出能选择性脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属的吸附剂。方法从4种原料铁红粉末、快脱粉(活性氧化铝)、13X分子筛原粉、硫化锌粉末中筛选出13X分子筛原粉、活性氧化铝为原料,使用混料均匀试验方法,筛选吸附剂配方。再选用壳聚糖、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为扩孔剂,制备了扩孔型吸附剂。结果经混料均匀试验,可得吸附剂中13X分子筛原料比例处于0.275 6~0.465 5时,对水中5种重金属Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As均有较好脱除效果。将混料设计优选的吸附剂用于脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属,吸附时间4 h,Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As脱除率分别为14.4%、74.5%、54.6%、13.4%、8.8%。而相同组成的扩孔型吸附剂对丹参提取液中5种重金属脱除率有明显提升,Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As的脱除率分别提高至21.0%、91.5%、97.5%、60.3%、46.8%。结论所制备的扩孔型吸附剂,能在较短时间内脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属,具有一定工业应用前景。     

SIP系列大孔吸附树脂的性能及应用

大孔吸附树脂能从水溶液中有选择地吸附有机物质,它与离子交换法和溶媒法相比,具有许多独特的优点.本文介绍 SIP 系列大孔吸附树脂的性能、规格,并通过实例阐述其应用。     

大孔吸附树脂法分离利福霉素S钠盐的初步探讨

应用大孔吸附树脂提取利福霉素 S 钠盐,与溶媒法比较,可不经过滤直接从发酵液提取,完善工艺后可降低溶媒消耗,改善劳动保护,提高产品质量。     

H—103大孔吸附剂提取螺旋霉素的研究

用非离子型大孔网状吸附剂从螺旋霉素溶液(2mg/ml)中提取螺旋霉素,包括吸附剂的选择,吸附pH、吸附流速、盐对吸附的影响以及解吸剂的选择及解吸条件的研究。结果表明:选用H-103吸附剂,吸附最佳pH为9,流速在2ml时,H-103装柱1/5ml/分;加0.5％NaCl对吸附有利。解吸前用1％氨永1:1(v/v)冲柱;最佳解吸剂为醋酸丁酯。在本试验条件下,H-103吸附螺旋霉素吸附量达13.9万u/ml吸附剂,吸附率92.34％,解吸率92.24％;结晶收率93.48％,总收率79.62％。     

新型组合式新风净化器去除SO_2的性能研究

目的分析一种应用于户式集中空调系统的新型新风净化器在不同SO_2浓度下的一次净化效率。方法该新型新风净化器由KOH改性活性炭与活性高锰酸钾球混合吸附过滤器、PP聚丙烯湿膜加湿过滤器和碳纤维负离子电离过滤器三部分组成。将4种过滤组件安装在风道式空气净化性能试验台上,在改变SO_2初始浓度条件下测试不同过滤组件的净化效率。结果该新型组合式新风净化器对SO_2的一次净化效率高达78.1%~80.2%。在空气SO_2浓度低于2.4 mg/m~3时,采用本新型组合式新风净化器净化后的空气SO_2浓度低于国家标准限值。结论该新型新风净化器较传统单一净化技术过滤器对SO_2的一次净化效率更具有优势。     

Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System Therapy with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Enhanced Clearance of Piperacillin in a Pediatric Patient and Led to Failure to Attain Pharmacodynamic Targets

Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS), an extracorporeal support device used in patients with liver failure, specifically removes albumin-bound molecules, including antibiotics. Case reports in adult patients showed that MARS enhances the clearance of piperacillin. However, for those patients, pharmacodynamic targets were achieved when piperacillin/tazobactam was administered as extended infusions over 3–4 hours. In contrast, piperacillin/tazobactam is typically given as short intermittent infusions in children. No reports describe the effect of MARS on piperacillin pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic target attainment in pediatric patients with liver failure. This case report describes the effects of MARS on piperacillin clearance and target attainment in a child with liver failure. It was noted that MARS, in conjunction with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), enhanced the clearance of piperacillin when compared with CRRT alone (6.4–7.4 L/hr vs 3.0 L/hr). Pharmacodynamic targets were not attained during MARS-CRRT cycles with free piperacillin concentrations being above 64 µg/ml for < 50% of dosing intervals, the goal target. We performed simulation analysis to identify a dosing regimen to optimize target attainment. For this patient, doses 3 times what she received over 3-hour extended infusions and an additional dose within 5 hours of cycle initiation would have led to target attainment throughout the MARS-CRRT cycles.