不同时程吗啡给药大鼠部分脑区超微病理变化观察

目的:观察不同时程吗啡依赖大鼠依赖相关脑区超微病理结构变化。方法:背部皮下递增注射吗啡建立不同时程吗啡依赖大鼠模型,应用透射电镜对吗啡依赖大鼠依赖相关脑区LC、中脑导水管周围灰质、黑质、豆状核、杏仁核、海马进行观察,并与空白对照组进行比较。结果:吗啡依赖大鼠依赖相关脑区部分神经细胞肿胀或固缩,神经毡灶性水肿,有髓神经纤维髓鞘分离,线粒体肿胀、畸形,内质网扩张,多聚核糖体解聚,轴突、树突灶性水肿,细胞器稀疏,突触小泡密集并向活性区聚集。空白对照组未见异常。结论:吗啡依赖大鼠依赖相关脑区神经细胞呈缺血、缺氧性及退行性改变。     

远志属药用植物有效物质群结构特点及其生理活性

系统综述了远志属药用植物有效物质群三萜皂苷、()酮、寡糖酯类成分的结构特点及研究进展,三者作为该属特征性成分,具有广泛的生理活性,作为药用经济植物,该属植物具有广阔的开发前景.     

异黄酮活性成分对Aβ_(1-42)诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探讨异黄酮活性成分对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1-42)诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。方法从大豆中提取纯化异黄酮活性成分,以Aβ1-42诱导PC12细胞损伤为细胞模型,采用细胞形态学方法、MTT法、LDH法观察不同剂量的异黄酮活性成分对PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。结果异黄酮活性成分能有效地改善PC12细胞的形态,提高细胞存活率(P<0.05),保护组LDH活性低于损伤组(P<0.05)。结论大豆异黄酮活性成分对Aβ1-42诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

主动肿瘤靶向给药系统的研究进展

综述了近年来抗体介导、受体介导和其它类型的主动靶向给药系统特别是靶向肿瘤的研究进展.     

川芎药材活性部位的高效毛细管电泳指纹图谱定性分析方法

目的:建立川芎药材活性部位的指纹图谱,为其定性鉴别提供依据。方法:川芎药材经乙醇超声提取后,分别用石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水萃取,对乙酸乙酯部分在268nm,以60 mmol·L~(-1)硼砂缓冲液(用硼酸调至 pH 为8.0)条件下进行分析,建立其指纹图谱。并对6种不同来源的川芎药材进行高效毛细管电泳指纹图谱定性分析。结果:本研究建立的分析方法的精密度、重现性较好,以阿魏酸计 RSD 分别为3.39%,4.76%;不同川芎药材指纹图谱中主要峰群的整体图貌基本一致,但各成分含量的相对比值有所不同,不同来源的川芎药材共有峰面积的比值及共有峰面积和均有一定的差异。结论:高效毛细管电泳指纹图谱分析法可简便、快速地鉴别区分不同来源的川芎药材。     

Stability and specificity of heterodimer formation for the coiled‐coil neck regions of the motor proteins Kif3A and Kif3B: the role of unstructured oppositely charged regions

Abstract: We investigated the folding, stability, and specificity of dimerization of the neck regions of the kinesin‐like proteins Kif3A (residues 356–416) and Kif3B (residues 351–411). We showed that the complementary charged regions found in the hinge regions (which directly follow the neck regions) of these proteins do not adopt any secondary structure in solution. We then explored the ability of the complementary charged regions to specify heterodimer formation for the neck region coiled‐coils found in Kif3A and Kif3B. Redox experiments demonstrated that oppositely charged regions specified the formation of a heterodimeric coiled‐coil. Denaturation studies with urea demonstrated that the negatively charged region of Kif3A dramatically destabilized its neck coiled‐coil (urea_1/2 value of 3.9 m compared with 6.7 m for the coiled‐coil alone). By comparison, the placement of a positively charged region C‐terminal to the neck coiled‐coil of Kif3B had little effect on stability (urea_1/2 value of 8.2 m compared with 8.8 m for the coiled‐coil alone). The pairing of complementary charged regions leads to specific heterodimer formation where the stability of the heterodimeric neck coiled‐coil with charged regions had similar stability (urea_1/2 value of 7.8 m ) to the most stable homodimer (Kif3B) with charged regions (urea_1/2 value of 8.0 m ) and dramatically more stable than the Kif3A homodimer with charged regions (urea_1/2, value of 3.9 m ). The heterodimeric coiled‐coil with charged extensions has essentially the same stability as the heterodimeric coiled‐coil on its own (urea_1/2 values of 7.8 and 8.1 m , respectively) suggesting that specificity of heterodimerization is driven by non‐specific attraction of the oppositely unstructured charged regions without affecting stability of the heterodimeric coiled‐coil.     

ZDY102对拟痴呆大鼠脑M受体的影响

目的　观察知母活性成分ZMS的异构体ZDY10 2对拟痴呆大鼠脑M受体及学习记忆功能的影响。方法　大鼠单侧脑基底核部位定位注射 β 淀粉样肽 (2 5～ 35 )和鹅蕈膏酸造成拟痴呆模型 ,设立不同剂量ZDY10 2治疗组、模型组和对照组 (注射生理盐水 ) ,分别用Y 迷宫测定学习记忆能力及放射配基结合分析法测定注射同侧脑内M胆碱受体密度。结果　拟痴呆模型大鼠学习和记忆成绩和脑M受体密度明显低于对照组。连续两个月喂服ZDY10 2的模型大鼠学习和记忆能力显著好于对照组 ,脑M受体密度也显著提高 ,而且脑M受体密度与动物的学习记忆能力呈显著正相关。结论　ZDY10 2能明显改善拟痴呆大鼠的学习记忆能力 ,同时能显著提高脑内M受体密度 ,从两者的显著正相关来看 ,提高脑M受体密度可能是ZDY10 2改善拟痴呆模型学习记忆的重要机制。和以往对知母活性成分的研究结果相比较可以看出 ,2 5位甲基的立体异构对上述效果无明显影响     

Assessing the Consistency of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Multiple Correlative Active Components

The problem of controlling the quality of raw materials and/or final product of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been studied. Earlier proposed consistency index to assess the consistency of quality of raw materials and/or final product processed or manufactured from different locations or sites has only focused on a single (i.e., the most active) component assuming that the most active component can be quantitatively identified among multiple active components. In this paper, we extend such results to the case of two correlative components. Sampling plans (sample sizes) are obtained for various combinations of study parameters. An example concerning a TCM for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis is presented to illustrate the use of the proposed method. Some concluding remarks are also provided.     

Screening and appraisal for immunological adjuvant-active fractions from Platycodon grandiflorum total saponins

In this study, the total saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (PGS_t) was subjected to D101 macroreticular resin column chromatography to afford four fractions (PGS₃₀, PGS₅₀, PGS₇₅ and PGS₉₅). PGS_t and its four fractions were evaluated and compared for the haemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the specific cellular and humoral immune responses of ICR mice against recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). PGS_t, PGS₃₀, PGS₅₀, PGS₇₅, and PGS₇₅ showed a slight haemolytic effect, with their concentration inducing 50% of the maximum haemolysis (HD₅₀) being 16.13?±?0.81, >200, 17.53?±?0.24, 20.16?±?0.76, 76.31?±?2.20?μg/mL against 0.5% rabbit red blood cell, respectively. PGS_t, PGS₅₀, and PGS₇₅ significantly not only enhanced the Con A-, lipopolysaccharide-, and HBsAg-induced splenocyte proliferation, but promoted the killing activities of natural killer (NK) cells from splenocytes in HBsAg-immunized mice (P?<?0.01 or P?<?0.001). HBsAg-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were also significantly enhanced by PGS_t, PGS₅₀, and PGS₇₅ compared with HBsAg control group (P?<?0.05, P?<?0.01, or P?<?0.001). Moreover, the adjuvant effects of PGS₅₀ and PGS₇₅ on the cellular immune responses and HBsAg-specific IgG2a and IgG2b antibody responses were more significant than those of Alum, PGS₃₀, and PGS₉₅. The results indicated that PGS₅₀ and PGS₇₅ could improve both cellular and humoral immune responses, and elicit a balanced Th1/Th2 response to HBsAg in mice, and that PGS₇₅ may be developed as an ideal candidate adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine.     

Basis of selection of first and second line highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS on genetic barrier to resistance: a literature review

The effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) continues to improve as treatment choices expand with the development of new antiretroviral agents and regimens. However, the successful long-term treatment of HIV/AIDS is under threat from the emergence of drug-resistant strains to multiple agents and entire drug classes.