133例卵巢肿瘤临床分析

目的:探讨卵巢肿瘤的临床特点及组织发生学特征。方法:对1998年1月~2004年12月收治的133例卵巢肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析;结果:卵巢肿瘤发生年龄以20~40岁多见,多为良性;与产次关系密切,产次少的发生率明显升高;133例卵巢肿瘤中,上皮性肿瘤45例,占33.83%,生殖细胞肿瘤38例,占28.57%,性索间质肿瘤9例,占6.77%,瘤样病变41例,占30.83%。其中恶性卵巢肿瘤14例,占10.53%,5例发生转移。误诊3例,占2.26%。结论:妊娠对卵巢有一定的保护作用;详细询问病史可减少误诊率;约每8例卵巢肿瘤中1例为恶性,应引起注意;恶性卵巢肿瘤主要转移至大网膜、肠系膜。     

The value of pulse wave velocity in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease

Objective: Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve to evaluate the value of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By using coronary angiography as golden diagnostic standard of CHD, 218 patients were divided into both CHD group (n=121) and non-CHD group (n = 97). All these patients received PWV test. The efficacy of PWV of each artery segments in the diagnosis of CHD was evaluated by ROC curve. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated with the golden diagnostic standard of CHD. Results:The PWV of right carotid to femoral artery (Rc-f), left carotid to femoral artery (Lc-f), right radial to carotid artery (Rc-r), left radial to carotid artery (Lc-r) in CHD group were significantly higher than that of non-CHD group (9. 31±1. 75 vs 7.60±1.59, P<0. 01; 9. 02±1.71 vs 7. 52±1.50, P<0. 01; 8. 69±1. 37 vs 8. 00±1. 27, P<0. 01; 8.52±1. 03 vs 8. 03±1. 2, P<0. 01 respectively). However, the PWV of both right and left femoral to ankle artery (Rf-a and Lf-a) had no significant differences between the two groups. We then compared the area under curve (AUC) of each ROC(AUCROC) of PWV of Rc-f, Lc-f Rc-r and Lc-r to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy for CHD. We found that AUCROC of Rc-f PWV was the biggest (AUCROC = 0. 818), at the peak point of its ROC curve, the PWV was 8. 32 m/s. PWV>8. 32 m/s of Rc-f could predict the presence of CHD with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 77%. Conclusion: The PWV of Rc-f, Lc-f, Rc-r, Lc-r are significantly higher in CHD group than that in non-CHD group, and PWV of Rc-f is the most accurate in the detection of CHD. The PWV>8. 32 m/s of RC-F is a valuable predictor of CHD.     

美国儿科学会最新新生儿黄疸诊疗指南

大多数新生儿可出现黄疸,大部分新生儿黄疸均较轻微,但由于胆红素毒性,严重高胆红素血症可导致胆红素脑病或核黄疸。为减少严重胆红素血症及胆红素脑症或核黄疸的发生,避免医疗资源的浪费,2004年8月美国儿科学会制定了新的新生儿黄疸诊疗指南。该指南强调了成功母乳喂养、黄疸出现时间、黄疸高危因素评估、严密随访和适时干预的重要性,制定了黄疸干预的流程图,提出了一些新的观点,值得我们借鉴。     

被忽视的中西医汇通大家祝味菊

阐述近代名医祝味菊著作《伤寒质难》中的学术思想,指出其关于中西医汇通方面的思想具有一定的先进性,但尚未引起中医界足够的重视。祝氏以《伤寒论》六经辨证论治为例,指出中医治法的本质为顺应或增强人体的自愈、自调节能力。其中,人体的阳气是人体患感染性疾病时主要的自愈能力,因此祝氏在治疗时重视扶阳,擅用附子等温热药物。此外,祝氏将外感内伤病的中医辨证概括为“五段八纲”。总之,在中西医汇通史上,祝氏作出了极为重要的贡献,对于指导临床思维和中医药的现代研究,具有重要的启示作用。     

ALK阳性间变性大细胞淋巴瘤临床病理研究进展

约半数的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）病人中存在间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）基因异常，ALK蛋白的异常激活使ALK阳性ALCL具有其典型的临床病理特征，并为ALK阳性ALCL的治疗提供新的靶点，提示ALK阳性ALCL的淋巴瘤可归类为一独立病种。     

莲子心中酚性生物碱3种主要成分定量分析及其特征图谱研究

目的:建立同时测定莲子心中酚性生物碱:莲心碱、异莲心碱、甲基莲心碱含量的RP-HPLC法以及酚性生物碱的特征图谱.方法:采用RP-HPLC法,流动相为乙腈-水-三乙胺(25∶75∶0.1,用磷酸调pH3.3),紫外检测波长282 nm,流速0.8 mL·min-1,进样量20 μL.结果:莲心碱、异莲心碱、甲基莲心碱线性方程显示线性关系良好.特征图谱研究确定了酚性生物碱16个共有峰.结论:本方法简便、准确,重现性好,专属性强,可为莲子心中生物碱类物质标准提取物质量控制提供参考.     

Characteristic expression profiles induced by genotoxic carcinogens in rat liver.

When applied in toxicological studies, the recently developed gene expression profiling techniques using microarrays, which brought forth the new field of toxicogenomics, facilitate the interpretation of a toxic compound's mechanism of action. In this study, we investigated whether genotoxic carcinogens at doses known to induce liver tumors in the 2-year rat bioassay deregulate a common set of genes in a short-term in vivo study and, if so, whether these deregulated genes represent defined biological pathways. Rats were dosed with the four genotoxic hepatocarcinogens dimethylnitrosamine (4 mg/kg/day), 2-nitrofluorene (44 mg/kg/day), aflatoxin B1 (0.24 mg/kg/day), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 20 mg/kg/day). After treatment for up to 14 days, the expression profiles of the livers were analyzed on Affymetrix RG_U34A microarrays. Among the significantly upregulated genes were a set of target genes of the tumor suppressor protein p53, indicating a DNA damage response. Such a response was expected and, therefore, confirmed the validity of our approach. In addition, the gene expression changes suggest a specific detoxification response, the activation of proliferative and survival signaling pathways, and some cell structural changes. These responses were strong throughout the 14 day time course for 2-nitrofluorene and aflatoxin B1; in the case of dimethylnitrosamine and NNK, the effects were weakly detectable at day 1 and then increased with time. For dimethylnitrosamine and aflatoxin B1, which caused observable inflammation in vivo, we found a corresponding upregulation of inflammatory genes at the same time points. Thus, by the toxicogenomic analysis of short-term in vivo studies, we identified genes and pathways commonly deregulated by genotoxic carcinogens, which may be indicative for the early events in tumorigenesis and, thus, predictive of later tumor development.     

缓释辅料对三七总皂苷缓释片中人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1释药特性的影响

目的 :探讨缓释辅料对三七总皂苷缓释片中人参皂苷Rg₁,Rb₁释药特性的影响。方法 :通过考察由HPMC和EC 2种缓释辅料 ,不同黏度规格的EC ,以及EC的不同用量制成的缓释骨架片 ,测定人参皂苷Rg₁,Rb₁在这些缓释片中的释放度。结果 :缓释辅料的种类 ,规格及用量均影响人参皂苷Rg₁,Rb₁的释药特性 ,在各缓释片中人参皂苷Rg₁,Rb₁间的释药行为也存在差异。结论 :中药有效部位缓释制剂研究中应当重视有效成分间释药特性的异同。     

当归微粉的特征及对阿魏酸溶出的影响

目的:比较当归普通粉和微粉的粉体学特征、水溶性及醇溶性浸出物含量、指标成分阿魏酸溶出量,探索微粉化技术在当归中的应用价值.方法:通过激光粒度分析仪对普通粉和微粉进行表征,扫描电镜(SEM)观察普通粉和细粉的表面形态,测定粉体学参数休止角和堆密度,冷浸法测定水溶性及热浸法测定醇溶性溶出物的含量,利用超声提取进行水溶性指标成分阿魏酸的溶出实验,采用HPLC测定阿魏酸的含量.结果:当归普通粉和微粉的粉体学特征及表面形态差异显著,但水溶性及醇溶性浸出物量、水溶性指标成分阿魏酸的溶出差别不大.结论:微粉化应用于当归,通过对粉体学特征的影响而影响其制剂学性质,但不能显著提高其醇溶性及水溶性浸出物和指标成分阿魏酸的溶出量,生产中不宜对当归进行微粉化.     

人文社科期刊国际化研究综述

【目的】 人文社科期刊国际化是全球人文思想传播和文化交流的重要方式,随着中国特色哲学社会科学“三大体系”工作的推进,人文社科期刊国际化成为新文科建设理念下一个紧迫的研究课题。【方法】 以CNKI、WoS、Google Scholar为文献来源,结合计量方法获取相关文献,通过文献阅读法,构建“抽象化—具体化—标准化”的研究思路。【结果】 对人文社科期刊国际化的基础研究、特征标准、评价指标“三方内容”进行综述,分析人文社科期刊国际化研究存在的“四个挑战”:发展进程缓慢、意识形态差异、评价体系构建难题、期刊自身制约。【结论】 对未来人文社科期刊研究提出了加强基础研究、解决国际本土之争、深化区域合作、推动数据驱动、创新评价方法的“五大展望”。