川芎嗪局部给药治疗肾脏疾病的价值探讨

目的探讨超声引导下肾脂肪囊注射川芎嗪治疗肾脏疾病的价值。方法23例肾小球疾病的患者，在实时超声引导下用20GPTC针穿刺肾脂肪囊，并注射川芎嗪20mg（每侧），观察肾病治疗前后尿蛋白、血清肌酐、总蛋白、尿素氮等指标并进行分析。结果治疗后的尿蛋白定量、血清总蛋白、尿素氮与治疗前相比差异有显著性，血清肌酐下降，19例患者的尿蛋白转阴或明显减少（占82．6％），低蛋白血症得到了纠正，4例水肿患者水肿消退（占57．1％）。结论超声引导下肾脂肪囊注射川芎嗪治疗肾脏疾病是一种简单、有效的方法。     

杞菊胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠左室肥厚的防治

目的：观察杞菊胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠左室肥厚的防治作用,并从心肌细胞内钙离子浓度（[Ca^2＋]i）与钙调神经磷酸酶（CaN）角度探讨其作用机制.方法：以自发性高血压大鼠为左室肥厚模型,观察杞菊胶囊对左室重量、心肌[Ca^2＋]i与 CaN活性的影响.结果：杞菊胶囊可防治自发性高血压大鼠左室肥厚并降低心肌细胞内钙离子浓度与钙调神经磷酸酶活性.结论：杞菊胶囊可防治心肌肥厚,其机制与降低心肌钙浓度及钙调神经磷酸酶活性有关.     

猫爪草胶囊治疗婴儿接种卡介苗后腋窝淋巴结反应的临床观察

目的探讨猫爪草胶囊治疗婴儿接种卡介苗后腋窝淋巴结反应的疗效。方法将80例患儿随机分为两组,对照组常规应用异烟肼抗结核治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用猫爪草胶囊。结果治疗组的临床治愈例数明显高于对照组,治疗2个月治疗组和对照组的治愈率分别达72.5%和40.0%,两组比较,差异有非常显著性(χ2=8.58,P<0.01),治疗组疗程亦明显缩短。结论猫爪草加用异烟肼治疗婴儿接种卡介苗后腋窝淋巴结反应,有明显缩短疗程、提高疗效的作用,且没有毒副作用。     

肝苏缓释胶囊精制工艺中大孔吸附树脂型号的筛选

目的筛选适合分离纯化赶黄草提取物的最佳大孔吸附树脂型号。方法以槲皮素吸附量、解吸率、吸附速率及解吸速率为指标,对D140、D141、D3520、AB-8、D101、DM-130、NKA-9、S-8等8种大孔吸附树脂的性能进行比较。结果8种大孔吸附树脂对槲皮素的静态吸附量顺序为:D140>D141>D3520>AB-8>D101>DM-130>NKA-9>S-8,解吸率顺序为:D140>D141>S-8>AB-8>NKA-9>D3520>DM-130>D101。其中D140、D141对槲皮素的吸附量分别为9.728、.76m.g-1,解吸率分别为88.5%、84.3%;吸附速率和解吸速率比较结果表明,D140型树脂在加入药液后约5h吸附达到平衡,在加入解吸剂后1.5h解吸完全,其吸附、解吸速率最快。结论在8种树脂中,D140的吸附与解吸效果最佳。     

胃肠舒胶囊抗实验性胃溃疡作用的研究

目的研究胃肠舒胶囊抗SD大鼠胃溃疡及抗胃粘膜损伤的作用.方法采用幽门结扎法、水浸拘束法、皮下注射消炎痛等方法致大鼠胃溃疡,盐酸-乙醇致大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤,观察胃肠舒胶囊抗胃溃疡和胃粘膜保护实验.结果胃肠舒胶囊对大鼠应激性胃溃疡、消炎痛性胃溃疡和盐酸-乙醇所致大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤有明显的抑制作用.胃肠舒胶囊还有抑制大鼠胃液分泌和提高胃蛋白酶活性作用.结论胃肠舒胶囊具有抗实验性胃溃疡的作用.     

RP-HPLC法测定金刚藤软胶囊中薯蓣皂苷元的含量

目的建立金刚藤软胶囊中薯蓣皂苷元的含量测定方法.方法采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Shim-Pak VP-ODS C18柱(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(87:13),检测波长209 nm.结果薯蓣皂苷元在0.0595～14.875μg范围内,进样量与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.99999);平均回收率为99.4%,RSD=2.0%(n=5).结论该方法简便快速、稳定可靠,可用于测定金刚藤软胶囊中薯蓣皂苷元的含量.     

百令胶囊联合甲泼尼松龙治疗急性药物性间质性肾炎临床观察

目的:探讨百令胶囊联合甲泼尼松龙冲击治疗急性药物性间质性肾炎的临床疗效.方法:26例急性药物性间质性肾炎分为治疗组13例及对照组13例.治疗组采用百令胶囊联合甲泼尼松龙治疗,对照组单用甲泼尼松龙冲击治疗.观察两组尿检及肾功能恢复时间、疗效和治疗转归.结果:治疗组完全缓解率100%,且少尿期,多尿期,平均血尿蛋白尿,肾功能恢复时间均短于对照组(P＜0.01).对照组完全缓解率76.9%,有3例残留有持续蛋白尿.结论:百令胶囊联合甲泼尼松龙冲击治疗急性药物性间质性肾炎比单用甲泼尼松龙效果更佳.     

多酶微片胶囊中胃蛋白酶的活力测定

目的:建立多酶微片胶囊中胃蛋白酶活力测定的方法.方法:利用胃蛋白酶作用于底物血红蛋白,酶解生成不被三氯醋酸沉淀的小分子肽和氨基酸,并以酪氨酸为对照,在275 nm波长处测定吸收度.结果:胃蛋白酶平均回收率为101.6%,RSD为1.79%(n=9).结论:本法便捷,准确可靠,重现性好,可用于多酶微片胶囊中胃蛋白酶活力的测定.     

顶空气相色谱法检测百乐眠胶囊中树脂残留物

建立气相色谱法检测百乐眠胶囊中树脂残留物的方法.采用气相色谱法对百乐眠胶囊中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、苯乙烯、1,4-二乙苯的残留量进行检测,气相色谱条件为:色谱柱HP-5,载气为高纯氮气,柱前压为10Psi,气化室温度200℃,柱温60℃(5min),以30℃*min-1的速率升至90℃(3.5min),再以30℃*min-1的速率升至140℃(4min),最后以30℃*min-1的速率升至190℃(3min),检测器为FID,温度为220℃.正己烷在1.815～29.060μg*ml-1,苯在0.0128～0.1966μg*ml-1内,甲苯在0.685～11.125μg*ml-1内,二甲苯在1.698～27.170μg*ml-1内,苯乙烯在1.695～27.125μg*ml-1内,1,4-二乙苯在1.699～27.140μg*ml-1内均有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9996、0.9991、0.9996、0.9998、0.9966、0.9980.本法简便、快速、准确度高,适于测定百乐眠胶囊中树脂残留物,可作为百乐眠胶囊的质量监控方法.     

Gamma scintigraphic evaluation of the fate of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsules in the human gastrointestinal tract

The fate (movement and disintegration) of hard novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) two-piece capsules in the human gastrointestinal tract was investigated using a gamma scintigraphic imaging method. Two different prolonged-release formulations without an active ingredient were used. The capsules contained different viscosity grades of HPMC powder (HPMC K100 and HPMC K4M). The aim was to determine the main reason why the pharmacokinetic profiles of model drugs change when the diluent was changed to a higher viscosity grade. The results were compared with our previous pharmacokinetic studies with corresponding capsules containing metoclopramide hydrochloride or ibuprofen as a model drug. The first observation was that the HPMC capsules had a tendency to attach to the oesophagus. Therefore, it is recommended that the HPMC capsules as well as gelatine capsules be taken with a sufficient amount of water (150–200 ml) in an upright position and maintaining the upright position for several minutes. The viscosity grade of the HPMC did not affect the transit times of the capsules in the GI tract. The major differences between the two formulations were the complete disintegration times of the capsules and the spreading of the capsules to the large intestine. Most of the HPMC K100-based capsules were completely disintegrated during the 8 h study, whereas the HPMC K4M-based capsules still exhibited plug formations in the large intestine. Also the HPMC K100-based capsules spread better to the ascending colon than the HPMC K4M-based capsules. The faster disintegration of the HPMC K100-based capsules explains the differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of the model drugs between the HPMC K100- and K4M-based capsules in our previous studies. The main absorption site of the drugs from the capsules studied here is probably the large intestine when taken in a fasting state.