Mechanism of slowing of mucociliary transport induced by SO2 exposure

Responses of nasal mucociliary transport mechanisms to exposure to 6 ppm SO₂ were studied in chickens in vivo. This model takes advantage of the natural cleft palate which exposes the mucociliated base of the nasal septum. Exposure to 6 ppm SO₂ decreased the mucociliary transport rate along the base of the nasal septum. The minimum force required to move an iron particle along this area of mucous membrane by use of a magnetic field in vivo increased significantly after SO₂ exposure, while the minimum force required to move an iron particle on a pool of mucus collected from the same chicken and tested in vitro showed no change after SO₂ exposure. The elastic recoil distance of mucus was measured both in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo recoil distance decreased significantly after SO₂ exposure, while SO₂ exposure did not change recoil distance in vitro. It is proposed that exposure of chickens to SO₂ results in the formation of multiple points of adhesion of strands of mucus between the acinar gland cells and the emergent extracellular mucus or adhesion of a mucous blanket to the cilia, causing mucociliary transport to be retarded or static.     

丁字形泪囊鼻腔吻合术(附8眼手术报告)

本文报告8眼丁字形泪囊鼻腔吻合术,其中6眼追踪观察廿年获得完全治愈;1眼观察6个月效果良好 1眼愈后不详。同时对主要手术步骤做了介绍,鼻粘膜瓣环钻法改用十字切开法更易于吻合。     

经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术后颅内感染病原学及其影响因素

目的探讨经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术后并发颅内感染病原菌特征及影响因素。方法回顾性分析浙江省丽水市人民医院2014年1月-2019年2月500例经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术患者临床资料,观察颅内感染发生情况,分析感染组感染病原菌分布情况及影响因素。结果500例经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除手术患者共有42例发生颅内感染,发生率为8.40%。年龄、肿瘤直径、手术时间、术中脑脊液漏、术后留置引流管是导致经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术后颅内感染发生的独立危险因素;从42例感染患者脑脊液标本中共分离出51株病原菌,以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌感染占比33.33%最高,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍氏不动杆菌;根据术后28 d患者临床结局,比较生存(n=493)和病死(n=7)患者,高龄、肿瘤直径较大、肿瘤具侵袭性、术后颅内感染患者的病死比例较高(P<0.05)。结论年龄、肿瘤直径、手术时间、术中脑脊液漏、术后留置引流管均是经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术后颅内感染发生的影响因素,感染病原菌主要为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌,术后颅内感染不利于患者预后。     

炎症细胞与淋巴细胞在鼻息肉发病机理中的相关性研究

目的：探讨炎症细胞、淋巴细胞及浆细胞在鼻息肉发病中的作用;方法：采用免疫组化SP法及HE、甲苯胺兰染色对34例鼻息肉和30例正常中鼻甲粘膜进行研究;结果：鼻息肉中嗜酸性粒细胞阳性率显著高于对照组织（P＜0.01）;鼻息肉中肥大细胞数量显著多于对照组织（P＜0.01）,肥大细胞数量在吸入性变应原皮肤试验阳性组与阴性组间无显著性差异;鼻息肉中T淋巴细胞阳性细胞（CD43）和B淋巴细胞阳性细胞（CD20）、浆细胞数量显著多于对照组织（P＜0.01）,鼻息肉中T淋巴细胞与B淋巴细胞之间无显著性差异;结论：鼻息肉中存在活跃的细胞免疫和体液免疫,与嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞及中性粒细胞共同参与鼻息肉的发病。     

孤立性蝶窦病变的诊断与治疗

目的;提高孤立性蝶窦病变的诊断和治疗率。方法;总结使用鼻窦内窥镜诊治孤立性蝶窦病变１２例的全过程。结果：１２例孤立性蝶窦病变的患者的均获准确诊断,使用鼻窦镜行经鼻腔蝶窦手术,有效率为８３．３％,随访６￣２４个月,１０例无复发,复发２例二次手术后治愈;结论：孤立性蝶窦病变患者可用鼻窦内窥镜诊断与治疗。     

血管运动性鼻炎激光治疗鼻腔粘膜致敏区的筛选

目的 :随访和对比激光治疗血管运动性鼻炎鼻腔粘膜不同区域的致敏性 ,以明确最佳治疗点。方法 :随机选择确诊的血管运动性鼻炎 1 0 3例 ,分为下鼻甲、中鼻甲、中鼻甲前 1 /3段 3组进行激光治疗。结果 :下鼻甲组总有效率为 66.7% ,中鼻甲组为 97.1 % ,中鼻甲前 1 /3段为 94.4% ,两中鼻甲组与下鼻甲组总有效率差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 0 5) ,中鼻甲组与中鼻甲前 1 /3段组总有效率差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。结论 :中鼻甲前 1 /3段是血管运动性鼻炎患者鼻粘膜最敏感的区域 ,是最佳激光治疗点。     

小儿鼻颅底针形内窥镜的检查与手术

目的：探讨应用针形内窥镜对小儿鼻颅底疾病进行探查与手术的方法及疗效。方法：在外径１．９ｍｍ的进口针形内窥镜及电视同图像系统监视下,对８例小儿（７ｄ￣１２岁）鼻颅底有关疾病进行探杳与手术。结果：先天性后鼻孔闭锁３例中,１例好转,３例痊愈。外伤性脑脊液鼻漏１例,经修补痊愈先天性脑膜脑膨出２例,确诊后１例暂缓治疗。另１例行内窥镜手术痊愈。颅底神经母细胞瘤２例取材作病理检查确诊。结论：在电视图像监视下应用     

蝶窦囊肿诊治47例分析

目的：提高对蝶窦囊肿的认识,以利于其诊断和治疗,方法：回顾性分析蝶窦囊肿４７例,总结其发病趋势、临床表现,影像学特征及治疗效果。结果：蝶窦囊肿最主要的临床症状为头痛,约占６４％;其次为眼部症状,再次为鼻部症状。蝶窦囊肿最易易及视神经,影响者视力,早期手术有利于神经力的恢复。鼻内窥镜下蝶窦囊肿摘除了术有损伤小,出血少,痛苦轻,手术时间短、安全,术后恢复快等优点。结论：ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ和鼻内窥镜的应用,提     

Schwannoma of the nasal septum: a case report with review of the literature

Schwannomas are neurogenic neoplasms rarely found in the sinonasal tract, where localization to the nasal septum is exceedingly rare (only 11 cases have been described in the western literature). We report the case of a 29-year-old white male with a schwannoma completely filling the left nasal fossa and arising from the bony part of the septum. A computer tomography (CT) scan and a biopsy suggestive of benign schwannoma were obtained before the lesion was removed by a degloving approach. The preoperative diagnosis of nasal septum schwannoma was confirmed. The patient is asymptomatic and without endoscopic evidence of recurrence 7 years after surgery. A review of the literature with particular emphasis on the clinical presentation, histological features, differential diagnosis and therapeutic options for such a rare lesion is included. Received: 11 June 1999 / Accepted: 10 February 2000