间充质干细胞外泌体在创伤修复再生中作用的研究进展

间充质干细胞（MSCs）外泌体能够通过旁分泌作用,发挥类似干细胞的促进组织器官修复再生的功能,避免了直接移植MSCs的风险,如致瘤、伦理、免疫排斥反应等。MSCs外泌体参与细胞通讯,维持微环境的稳态,促进细胞的增殖、迁移及细胞外基质的修复再生,且能够在不同物种之间传递,却不会引起明显的免疫反应,在组织器官的修复与再生方...     

Forensic medical characteristics of firearm exit wounds in cases with armour protection

BackgroundThe very limited literature about the characteristic morphology of the firearm ammunition wounds in the body armored victims led authors to conduct an experimental study to understand this issue of great forensic and medico-legal importance.PurposeAn autopsy of a male sniper was fraught with a challenge to differentiate between a firearm ammunition entry and exit wound. He was wearing body armour when shot at during a hostage rescue operation. The study was conducted to standardize the findings and answer the queries in such cases of forearms with inherent legal implications.MethodologyThe modifying effect of the clothing and the armour on the firearm injuries in humans was studied by test firings on animal (pig) cadaver tissues, which has closest simulation to the human body tissues. These firings were preceded by X-ray fluorescence, and followed by stereoscopic and spectroscopic examinations. All the events were recorded by the high-resolution video camera shoots.ResultsAn extensive cavitation in the form of a cone shaped crater, and a tissue defect with precipitated edges and patching of the epidermal layers indicated a firearm entry and exit wound, respectively, in victims wearing body armour at the time of the firearm injury.     

Evaluation of autologous bone marrow in wound healing in animal model: a possible application of autologous stem cells

A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of autologous bone marrow-derived cells in comparison with buffy coat of autologous blood for rapid cutaneous wound healing in rabbit model. Three square full-thickness skin excisional wounds were created in 15 selected experimental animals (rabbit) divided randomly into three groups. The wound was treated with autologous bone marrow cells in plasma (group 1), buffy coat of blood in plasma (group 2) and autologous plasma as control (group 3). Wounds were observed for 30 days for granulation tissue formation, biochemical, histomorphological and histochemical evaluation. In this study, granulation tissue appeared significantly lesser in wounds of group 3 animals followed by group 2 and 1 animals. Neovascularisation, granulation tissue formation, denser, thicker and better arranged collagen fibres, reticulin fibres and elastin fibres formation was more in group 1 as compared with other groups. It was concluded that the application of bone marrow-derived nucleated cells into the wound margins resulted in early and significantly faster rate of complete healing as compared with buffy coat of autologous blood and autologous plasma (control). This approach may be beneficial in various surface wounds that heal at a slower rate and recommended for healing of various complicated wound in future.     

耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣修复耳廓内软组织缺损

目的探讨应用耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣修复耳廓内软组织缺损的方法及疗效。方法 2008年6月-2011年7月,收治11例耳廓内肿物切除后软组织缺损患者。男7例,女4例;年龄26～75岁,平均50岁。其中色素痣5例,基底细胞癌2例,混合性血管瘤2例,皮肤乳头状瘤2例。病程3～50年,平均35年。彻底切除肿物后,软组织缺损范围为1.5 cm×1.0 cm～3.5 cm×3.0 cm。沿颞浅动脉及耳后动脉走向,设计耳后"乒乓球拍状"窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣,通过隧道移位修复缺损,皮瓣切取范围1.8 cm×1.3 cm～3.8 cm×3.3 cm,蒂宽0.4～0.7 cm、长2～5 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或局部皮瓣移位修复。结果术后供、受区皮瓣均顺利成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后8例获随访,随访时间6个月～1年。皮瓣质地、弹性、色泽良好,耳廓外形良好。肿瘤患者无复发。结论耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣蒂部窄长、旋转角度大、修复范围广、不含知名血管,手术操作简便,供区隐蔽,是修复耳廓内软组织缺损的理想方法之一。     

创面信息管理系统:一种标准化的创面信息采集、存储和处理方案

目的 利用新型创面信息管理系统,探讨客观、标准化和便利的创面信息管理方案.方法 选择创面信息采集终端,确定创面信息采集内容,制作相关软件,建立创面信息数据库和创面信息管理系统.在临床应用中评价其效能. 结果 由第3代手机和操作软件共同构成标准化创面信息采集系统,借助终端手机可以从数据库中获取相关信息,包括创面的文字描述、图像及治疗方案等.使用4个月,共录入就诊信息232例次,已自动生成38例患者的完整资料. 结论 该系统能够将创面信息采集标准化并传输储存,适用于医院特别是基层卫生机构,为未来大样本的流行病学调查提供了良好的数据平台.     

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor hydrogel promotes healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds

Objective

To assess the effects of recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) hydrogel on the healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds.

Methods

Ninety three wounds of 65 burn patients who suffered from a deep partial thickness burn of <5% TBSA and could not heal over 3 weeks were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to use rhGM-CSF hydrogel (GC group, n = 32) or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF (control group, n = 33). rhGM-CSF hydrogel or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF was topically applied to the wounds, the dressing was changed once a day. Wound healing time and percentage, wound discharge, periwound inflammation, the positive wound swabs culture count, and adverse drug reactions were observed and compared between two groups.

Results

Healing time was 12.2 ± 5.0 days after the application of rhGM-CSF hydrogel. This was significantly shorter than that of control wounds (15.5 ± 4.7 days). Healing percentage at 14 days in the rhGM-CSF-treated wounds was 97.5 ± 7.7%, which was markedly higher than the control (85.9 ± 6.8%). At 3, 6, 12, 14 day, the GC group was significantly superior to the control group with respect to the score of periwound inflammation, wound purulence and discharge. The positive wound swabs culture count of the GC group on the 7th and 14th day post-treatment was 14 and 4, respectively, which was significantly lower than the control.

Conclusion

rhGM-CSF hydrogel promotes the healing process of deep partial thickness burns effectively. No adverse reaction of the drug was observed during the study.     

单纯钩骨钩骨折致尺神经深支损伤的临床研究

目的探讨单纯钩骨钩骨折致尺神经深支损伤的致病机理。方法采用16侧甲醛固定和4侧新鲜成人尸体标本。以钩骨钩中点为O,过O点作一条水平线及垂线,水平线与尺神经深支的交点为A点,与钩骨钩基底尺侧交点为B点,垂线与尺神经的交点为C点,分别测量OA、OB、OC、AB长度,并进行统计学分析;对1996年4月~2009年6月5例单纯钩骨钩骨折合并尺神经深支损伤进行回顾分析。结果尺神经深支绕过钩骨钩的基底部进入掌深间隙,OA的长度为(4.96±0.11)mm、OB的长度(3.69±0.12)mm、OC的长度(10.55±1.07)mm、AB的长度为(1.27±0.15)mm;5例根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢周围神经功能评定试用标准:优4例,良1例。结论单纯钩骨钩骨折可致尺神经深支损伤但临床容易漏诊,早期正确诊治是神经功能得以恢复的关键。     

负压封闭引流技术辅助组织瓣修复复杂或慢性创面

目的观察负压封闭引流技术应用于术前准备阶段协助组织瓣修复复杂或慢性创面的作用。方法回顾分析近2年来用此方案治疗的8例复杂或慢性创面患者．入院时均存在不同程度的创面血运差、骨或其他深部组织外露和顽固感染,一期先行清创手术后使用VSD持续负压吸引创面治疗,待创面新鲜无感染、肉芽丰富后,二期行组织瓣（包括带蒂组织瓣和游离组织瓣）移植覆盖创面。结果应用VSD技术可有效控制创面感染,促进肉芽组织生长。移植皮瓣全部成活,随访3-16个月,无慢性感染、溃疡和窦道存在,效果满意。结论术前正确应用VSD技术,可使创面准备相对简便和快捷．可有效地协助组织瓣修复复杂或慢性创面．值得临床推广和进一步深入研究。     

腹部联合轴型皮瓣修复腕部环状高压电烧伤创面

目的 探讨腕部环状高压电烧伤创面的修复方法. 方法 2009年1月-2011年12月,笔者单位收治6例腕部环状高压电烧伤患者,清创后采用腹部联合轴型皮瓣修复腕部创面,即用带部分腹直肌的脐旁皮瓣修复腕屈侧创面,其中腹直肌充填腕屈侧腔隙;下腹部皮瓣修复腕背侧创面,术后4～5周断蒂.供瓣区部分直接.拢缝合,部分在前鞘拉拢缝合后植皮修复. 结果 3例皮瓣术后成活良好;2例皮瓣下有液化坏死组织,经扩创愈合;1例皮瓣术后5周断蒂时出现腕部桡动脉栓塞,清创后立即行大隐静脉移植重建桡动脉后创面愈合.随访6个月～1年,患者腕部功能和外形恢复情况较好. 结论 带部分腹直肌的脐旁皮瓣联合下腹部皮瓣是修复腕部环状高压电烧伤创面的一条可行途径.