槲寄生化学成分的研究 Ⅶ.槲寄生新甙Ⅶ的分离和结构

自中药槲寄生中分离得到一个新的黄酮甙,经波谱测定及水解试验,确定其结构为鼠李秦素-3-O-β-D-芹糖基(1→2)-[6″-(3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸半酯)]葡萄糖甙,命名为槲寄生新甙Ⅶ(viscumneoside Ⅶ).     

Inhibitory activities of pancreatic lipase and phosphodiesterase from Korean medicinal plant extracts

To find new pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) inhibitors from natural products, 61 medicinal plants from Korea were screened for their antilipase activity for prevention of obesity. Dried and powdered plants were extracted three times with EtOH and extracts were obtained by removal of the solvent in vacuo. Lipase activity was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate to p-nitrophenol. Also, the inhibitory effect was measured on phosphodiesterase (PDE), another therapeutic target for obesity. Of the extracts tested, Sorbus commixta (stem, leaf) and Viscum album (whole plant) exhibited antilipase activity (with IC(50) values of 29.6 μg/mL and 33.3 μg/mL, respectively) and only anti-PDE activity (IC(50) values of 20.08 μg/mL and 35.15 μg/mL, respectively).     

Non-lectin component in a fermented extract from Viscum album L. grown on pines induces proliferation of lymphocytes from healthy and allergic individuals in vitro

Mistletoe preparations have been shown to express immunomodulatory properties. In order to evaluate the stimulatory potency of different mistletoe extracts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy and allergic/atopic individuals were exposed to aqueous or fermented extracts derived from Viscum album L. grown on apple trees (Mali-extracts) or on pines (Pini-extracts). None of them had received any mistletoe treatment. Iscador Pini was the only extract which strongly induced proliferation of PBMC in contrast to the other five preparations. On testing these extracts by Western blotting with anti-mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) antibody positive sera from mistletoe-treated patients, it became evident that Iscador Pini was almost devoid of lectins.The stimulatory potency of Iscador Pini for PBMC from three different groups was examined: PBMC from 35 normal controls (Group I), 23 patients with drug-induced adverse effects (Group II) and 16 individuals with allergic manifestations (Group III). Cells were exposed in 7-day cultures to the extract at concentrations between 1 and 10,000 g/ml. PBMC from 63% of Group III individuals showed strong stimulation (SI varying from 6 to 97) in contrast to only 9% from Group I and 22% from Group II individuals. Anti-ML-1 antibodies were detected in 5% and anti-IP antibodies in 11% of subjects in the three groups. They were either of the IgA or IgM type but not of the IgG type.Our findings strongly imply that a non-lectin associated antigen from Iscador Pini is able to activate PBMC from healthy and allergic/atopic individuals, thereby demonstrating sensitization to probably highly conserved plant antigens.Abbreviations AM Abnobaviscum Mali - AP Abnobaviscum Pini - HM Helixor Mali - HP Helixor Pini - IM Iscador Mali - IP Iscador Pini - LS Lactobacillus solution - ML-1/-2/-3 mistletoe lectin-1/-2/-3 - PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells - SI stimulation index     

槲寄生碱抗肿瘤作用的研究

目的通过体内、体外实验研究槲寄生碱的抗肿瘤作用。方法体外实验采用MTT法测定槲寄生碱对食管癌细胞株(Eca109)生长的抑制作用。取对数生长期的肿瘤细胞培养24h后加入含不同浓度槲寄生碱培养液;作用24h后倾去上清液,加入MTT;4h后吸去上清液,加入二甲亚砜(DMSO);30min后测吸光度(A)并计算抑制率;体内实验将制备的肿瘤细胞悬液,以0.2mL/只的量接种于小鼠右前肢腋部皮下,24h后将已接种的小鼠随机分组。各组均连续给药7d,停药后1～3d将小鼠拉颈处死,剥取瘤块称重,计算抑瘤率。结果体外实验证实槲寄生碱对肿瘤细胞生长有显著的抑制作用;体内实验证实槲寄生碱可抑制肿瘤生长、延长荷瘤动物的生存期。结论槲寄生碱具有抗肿瘤作用。     

Antimitotic Effects of Hexane Extracts from Viscum cruciatum Sieber Parasitic on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Parasitized and Non-parasitized and of Triterpenic Fractions Isolated from them,by the Allium test

The hexane extracts of Viscum cruciatum Sieber (Viscaceae) parasitic on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (I), Crataegus monogyna Jacq. parasitized with Viscum cruciatum Sieber (II), and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) non-parasitized (III), and a triterpenic fraction isolated from II and III were screened for their effects on mitotic division in Allium cepa L. (Liliaceae). The chromatographic fractionation of the hexane extracts II and III provided triterpenic fractions (CFII and CFIII) in which cycloartenol was identified as the main component. A mitodepressive effect of the hexane extracts (I, II, III) was observed. The results obtained with the triterpenic fractions showed higher activity than the hexane extracts II and III. Triterpenic fractions isolated from the hexane extract of Crataegus monogyna non-parasitized showed complete inhibition of cell division at 48 h of treatment. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

枫香寄生的生药学研究

发现枫香寄生木质部具缘纹孔导管具网纹三生增厚;并从中分得一双氢黄酮甙,鉴定为圣草酚-7-葡萄糖甙。     

槲寄生多糖的提取分离和含量测定

目的：对国产槲寄生中的有效成分多糖进行提取分离和含量测定。方法：采用热水提取法提取槲寄生多糖,超滤膜分离-离子交换色谱法分离纯化多糖组分；槲寄生多糖经苯酚-硫酸显色后,在490 nm处进行比色测定。结果：槲寄生药材、槲寄生粗多糖CVPS-Ⅲ和槲寄生精制多糖CVPS-Ⅲ-C中的多糖含量分别为4.93%(RSD 1.04%,n=3),43.28%(RSD 1.39%,n=3)和69.55%(RSD 1.62%,n=3),平均回收率为96.07%(RSD 2.54%,n=5)。结论：该法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度好。     

瘤果槲寄生中总皂苷的提取和含量测定

目的 采用正交实验优选提取瘤果槲寄生药材中总皂苷的最佳工艺,并测定不同批次药材中总皂苷的含量.方法 采用分光光度法在536 nm处测定总皂苷的含量.结果 2002～2004年药材总皂苷含量测定结果 表明,以2003年采摘药材的总皂苷含量最高(4.54%).结论 测定方法 简便、灵敏、准确、可靠.     

槲寄生中多肽成分的结构鉴定与细胞毒活性研究

从我国东北槲寄生（Viscum coloratum（Kom.）Nakai）中分离鉴定了5种多肽,其中,3种是新成分,命名为槲寄生毒素B5、B7、B8,B7是目前分离鉴定的唯一含有四对二硫键的槲寄生毒素;1种鉴定为槲寄生毒素C1,系首次从我国槲寄生中分得;还有一种命名为B4,与已知的B6的一级结构相同,但HPLC保留时间相差很大,应该是一个新肽.它们的一级结构分别为：B5 KSCCPSTTGR NIYNTCRFTG SSRETCAKLS GCKIISASTC PSDYPK;B8 KSCCPSTTGR NIYNACRFTG SSRETCAKLS GCKIISASTC PSDYPK;B7 KSCCRNTTGRN CYNTCRLPG TPRPVCASLC DCKIISGSKC PADYPR;C1KSCCPNTTGR NIYNTCRFAG GSRERCAKLS GCKIISASTC PSDYP K; B4 KSCCPNTTGR NIYNTCRFAG ASRERCAKLS GCKIISASTC PSDYPK.它们对不同肿瘤细胞系具有选择性细胞毒活性,槲寄生总肽对于人肺癌细胞A549、人宫颈癌细胞Hela、人脑瘤细胞SF126的IC50值分别为：3.7、1.5、2.1μg/mL;B4分别为1.3、1.3、1.6μg/mL;B7分别为：12、1.3、6.0μg/mL.而对于人胃癌细胞BGC效果不明显.     

槲寄生对光合细菌生长的促进作用

目的考察槲寄生对光合细菌生长的促进作用。方法通过光合细菌培养液中不同槲寄生浓度及常规培养基浓度对光合细菌活菌数的影响、不同浓度槲寄生对光合细菌生长曲线的影响及槲寄生提取液对光合细菌脱氢酶活性的影响来考察槲寄生对光合细菌生长的促进作用。结果培养液中添加槲寄生最高可使光合细菌活菌数增加达8倍以上;而且可以使光合细菌不经过延迟期直接进入指数期,缩短光合细菌的生长周期;且使光合细菌脱氢酶活性提高8.4倍。结论培养液中添加槲寄生提取物可促进光合细菌生长,提高光合细菌的活力。