利巴韦林在单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎治疗中的应用效果观察

目的观察利巴韦林对单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎患儿的治疗效果,为该治疗方案的推广使用积累临床经验。方法选取中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二四医院2018年1月—2019年11月收治的80例单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎患儿为研究对象,按照随机数余数分组法均分为两组,每组各40例,分别采用更昔洛韦(10~30 mg/kg静脉滴注,3次/d,给药14 d)和利巴韦林(10~15 mg/kg静脉滴注,2次/d,给药14 d)进行治疗并对两组疗效进行对比。结果利巴韦林组总有效率(92.50%,37/40)高于更昔洛韦组(80.00%,32/40),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.588,P=0.010);两组不良反应发生率分别为7.50%(3/40)和10.00%(4/40),差异无统计学意义。治疗后利巴韦林组和更昔洛韦组比较,C反应蛋白[(15.80±5.25)mg/L vs(20.42±5.38)mg/L]、白细胞介素-6[(10.24±2.75) ng/L vs(17.89±2.81)ng/L]、肿瘤坏死因子-α[(35.70±9.80) ng/L vs(50.31±9.77)ng/L]、血清神经元特异性烯醇酶[(9.77±1.33)μg/L vs(12.24±1.46)μg/L]和脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇酶[(10.25±1.96)μg/L vs(14.11±1.89)μg/L]在利巴韦林组均低于更昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001),利巴韦林组发热消失时间[(3.10±0.35)d vs(4.60±0.40)d]、头痛/呕吐消失时间[(2.25±0.25)d vs(3.10±0.20)d]、抽搐消失时间[(2.20±0.20)d vs(3.35±0.30)d]、意识障碍消失时间[(4.30±0.50)d vs(6.40±0.55)d]均短于更昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论利巴韦林治疗单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎效果确切、不良反应发生率低,值得推广。     

A molecular based diagnosis of positive blood culture in the context of viral haemorrhagic fever: proof of concept

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using a PCR-based panel to identify bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in the setting of suspected or confirmed viral haemorrhagic fever.MethodsThe accuracy of the FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification Panel (BCID) assay was assessed to identify the common bacterial and fungal pathogens associated with bloodstream infections after positive blood culture inactivation using a guanidinium thiocyanate containing buffer lysis that is commonly used for viral haemorrhagic fever molecular diagnostics.ResultsThe FilmArray® BCID panel assay detected 95% (19/20) of the pathogens analysed in this study by using both protocols with and without inactivation. Absolute consistency (100%) was observed in all isolates with phenotypes compatible with the presence of the antibiotic resistance genes mecA, vanA, vanB and blaKPC.ConclusionsThe FilmArray® BCID panel assay coupled to inactivation using a guanidinium thiocyanate containing buffer lysis represents a convenient, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool to detect some of the most pathogens associated with bloodstream infections in the context of a suspected or confirmed viral haemorrhagic fever.     

Viral load in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection identified on newborn hearing screening

BackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. However, congenital SNHL without other clinical abnormalities is rarely diagnosed as CMV-related in early infancy.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify and treat patients with congenital CMV-related SNHL or CMV-related clinical abnormalities other than SNHL. The association between CMV load and SNHL was also evaluated.Study designNewborns who had abnormal hearing screening results or other clinical abnormalities were screened for congenital CMV infection by PCR of saliva or urine specimens, and identified infected patients were treated with valganciclovir (VGCV) for 6 weeks. The CMV load of patients with or without SNHL was compared at regular intervals during as well as after VGCV treatment.ResultsOf 127 infants with abnormal hearing screening results, and 31 infants with other clinical abnormalities, CMV infection was identified in 6 and 3 infants, respectively. After VGCV treatment, 1 case had improved hearing but the other 5 SNHL cases had little or no improvement. Among these 9 patients with or without SNHL at 1 year of age, there was no significant difference in CMV blood or urine load at diagnosis, but both were significantly higher in patients with SNHL during VGCV treatment.ConclusionsSelective CMV screening of newborns having an abnormal hearing screening result would be a reasonable strategy for identification of symptomatic congenital CMV infection. Prolonged detection of CMV in blood could be a risk factor for SNHL.     

甲型流感病毒非结构蛋白1抑制干扰素抗病毒反应的研究进展

IFN-α/β是机体对抗外来病原体的第一道防线，其产生和后续激活的细胞信号转导可诱导具有抑制病毒感染和复制作用的IFN刺激基因的表达。然而，大多数病毒可通过表达一种或多种蛋白抵抗宿主细胞的抗病毒反应。流感病毒非结构蛋白1（nonstructural protein 1，NS1）作为多功能毒力因子，在流感病毒感染过程中起重要作用。此文概述了NS1的结构与功能及抑制IFN-α/β产生和抗病毒效应作用的机制，为研究流感病毒致病机理提供参考。     

益心舒胶囊治疗病毒性心肌炎的临床观察

目的：观察益心舒胶囊对病毒性心肌炎临床疗效。方法：将115例病毒性·,22肌炎患者以随机抽样法分为治疗组和对照组，其中治疗组60例，对照组55例，2组患者均常规给予5％葡萄糖注射液250ml＋三磷酸腺苷（ATP）40mg＋辅酶A200＋维生素C5．0g静脉滴注治疗，1日1次，治疗2周；治疗组患者在常规治疗的基础上，口服益心舒胶囊1次3粒，1日3次，疗程为4周。观察治疗前后2组患者的临床症状、心电图及心肌酶谱等变化。结果：治疗组患者临床症状、心电图、心肌酶谱的改变均明显优于对照组，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；2组患者治疗前后血尿常规、肝肾功能等各项指标均无异常变化，未见明显不良反应。结论：益心舒胶囊治疗病毒性心肌炎有良好疗效，且安全性好，体现了中药的独特优势。     

Evaluation of five circulating strains of variant infectious bursal disease virus (varIBDV) for their immunogenicity as broiler breeder vaccines and protective efficacy in neonatal broiler chicks

The majority of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains circulating in the broiler chicken industry in Canada are variant strains (varIBDV). Despite high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MtAb), the circulating varIBDVs can establish infection and cause severe immunosuppression in broiler chicks. The objective of this study was to evaluate circulating varIBDVs as broiler breeder vaccine candidates and investigate their protective efficacy against varIBDV challenge in their progeny chicks. Six groups of breeders (20 females/group) were vaccinated with varIBDV strains, SK09, SK10, SK11, SK12, and SK13 or saline at the age of 13 weeks and antibody response was determined by ELISA at 3–7-, and 20- weeks post-vaccination. We also included commercial chicks for the comparison. Results showed that SK-09 is the most antigenic strain, followed by SK-10, SK-12, and SK-13. In contrast, SK-11 showed the lowest antibody response, and over time, antibody titers steadily decreased. Eggs from breeders were collected at 21-week post-vaccination and incubated to produce their respective progenies. The serum antibody titer in day-old chicks showed a successful MtAb transfer. Progeny chicks (n = 40/group) were orally challenged with varIBDV-SK-09 strain at 6 days of age and serum antibody titer (19 d and 35 d of age), bursa to body weight ratio (19 d and 35 d of age), bursal viral load (9 d and 19 d of age) was examined to assess the protection against IBDV. Following the challenge, we found a significant increase in the antibody titers in MtAb-free and commercial vaccine groups than in the varIBDV groups, both at 19 d and 35 d of age. The BBW ratio and viral load data indicated a significant homologous and heterologous protection against varIBDV-SK-09 challenge by SK-09 and SK-10 MtAbs, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated the feasibility of developing breeder vaccines using circulating varIBDV as candidate vaccine antigens.     

更昔洛韦治疗小儿手足口合并病毒性脑炎122例疗效观察

目的：探讨更昔洛韦治疗小儿手足口合并病毒性脑炎的临床疗效。方法：122例患儿按入院顺序随机分为研究组和对照组，各61例，所有患儿均根据临床不良反应给予对症的物理降温、水电解质平衡纠正、补液、抗病毒治疗、脑神经营养等，研究组在此基础上加用更昔洛韦。结果：经治疗研究组患儿总有效率明显高于对照组，数据经统计学比较具有显著差异(P<0.05)。患儿退热时间比较两组间数据无显著差异(P>0.05)，研究组疱疹消退时间、神经体征缓解时间和平均住院时间均明显短于对照组，数据经统计学比较具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论：更昔洛韦不仅可达到更好的治疗效果，还有助于提高治疗效率、加快改善患儿的临床不良反应，适合于手足口病合并病毒性脑炎的临床治疗。     

儿童细菌性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎临床及实验室检查特点

目的研究儿童细菌性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎临床特点及血清基质蛋白金属酶-9(MMP-9)、降钙素原(PCT)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平,分析各指标对两者鉴别诊断价值。方法选取2017年10月-2019年10月郑州大学附属儿童医院细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎患儿共80例,其中细菌性脑膜炎组49例,病毒性脑炎组31例,观察患儿症状,同时检测血清MMP-9、PCT、β2-MG和CRP水平并进行比较,作受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各指标对细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎鉴别诊断价值。结果细菌性脑膜炎组患儿意识障碍、囟门张力增加和肺炎发生率高于病毒性脑炎组,精神萎靡、嗜睡和皮疹发生率低于病毒性脑炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);细菌性脑膜炎组血清MMP-9、PCT、β2-MG和CRP水平高于病毒性脑炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);意识障碍、肺炎以及血清CRP和PCT水平对细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎患儿鉴别诊断的敏感度分别为46.93%、46.93%、75.51%和83.67%,特异度分别为77.42%、80.65%、83.87%和90.32%,各指标联合诊断的曲线下面积为0.917,敏感度为91.84%,特异度为83.87%。结论细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎患儿临床特点和血清MMP-9、PCT、β2-MG和CRP水平均存在明显差异,综合各项指标进行分析可为临床鉴别诊断提供参考信息。