CT and MRI characteristics of ovarian mature teratoma in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of ovarian mature teratoma in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR-E).Materials and MethodsA total of 125 women (mean age, 40.9 ± 17.8 [SD] years; age range: 12–85 years) with 146 histopathologically or radiologically proven ovarian mature teratomas who underwent preoperative CT and MRI examinations were retrospectively included. Eight patients with 11 teratomas had NMDAR-E, whereas 117 patients with 135 teratomas did not have NMDAR-E. CT and MRI examinations were retrospectively reviewed and teratomas in patients with NMDAR-E were compared to those in patients without NMDAR-E. Comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher exact test.ResultsIn patients with NMDAR-E, maximum diameter of teratomas (26.1 ± 9.3 [SD] mm), prevalence of teeth/calcification (36%) and rate of occupation by fat components (26%) were lower than those in patients without NMDAR-E (67.0 ± 37.6 [SD] mm [P < 0.01]; 75% [P < 0.05]; and 65%[P < 0.01], respectively). More than 75% of space was occupied by fat components in 76/135 teratomas (56%) in patients without NMDAR-E, whereas this was not observed in any teratoma in patients without NMDAR-E.ConclusionBy comparison with teratomas in patients without NMDAR-E, teratomas in patients with NMDAR-E are smaller, have few teeth/calcification, and the amount of space occupied by fat components is smaller.     

Extensive severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus contamination in surrounding environment in patient rooms

ObjectivesSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease in Korea and China. Although there is previous evidence of person-to-person transmission via direct contact with body fluids, the role of environmental contamination by SFTS virus (SFTSV) in healthcare settings has not been established. We therefore investigated the contamination of the healthcare environment by SFTSV.MethodsWe investigated the possible contamination of hospital air and surfaces with SFTSV transmission by collecting air and swabbing environmental surface samples in two hospitals treating six SFTS patients between March and September 2017. The samples were tested using real-time RT-PCR for SFTS M and S segments.ResultsOf the six SFTS patients, four received mechanical ventilation and three died. Five rooms were occupied by those using mechanical ventilation or total plasma exchange therapy in isolation rooms without negative pressure and one room was occupied by a patient bedridden due to SFTS. SFTSV was detected in 14 (21%) of 67 swab samples. Five of 24 swab samples were obtained from fomites including stethoscopes, and 9 of 43 were obtained from fixed structures including doorknobs and bed guardrails. Some samples from fixed structures such as television monitors and sink tables were obtained in areas remote from the patients. SFTSV RNA was not detected in five air samples from three patients' rooms.ConclusionsOur data suggest that SFTSV contamination was extensive in surrounding environments in SFTS patients' rooms. Therefore, more strict isolation methods and disinfecting procedures should be considered when managing SFTS patients.     

Language disturbances associated to insular and entorhinal damage: study of a patient affected by herpetic encephalitis

The herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) patient reported in this study presented a left hemisphere lesion limited to the left insula and to the left anterior parahippocampal region. The patient was followed longitudinally, focusing on the aphasia type, the language recovery, and the integrity of semantic representations. The language deficit was of fluent type, without phonological impairment, and showed a good but incomplete recovery after four months. A semantic impairment was possible at the onset, but recovered quickly and did not present a disproportionate impairment of living categories.     

利巴韦林在单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎治疗中的应用效果观察

目的观察利巴韦林对单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎患儿的治疗效果,为该治疗方案的推广使用积累临床经验。方法选取中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二四医院2018年1月—2019年11月收治的80例单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎患儿为研究对象,按照随机数余数分组法均分为两组,每组各40例,分别采用更昔洛韦(10~30 mg/kg静脉滴注,3次/d,给药14 d)和利巴韦林(10~15 mg/kg静脉滴注,2次/d,给药14 d)进行治疗并对两组疗效进行对比。结果利巴韦林组总有效率(92.50%,37/40)高于更昔洛韦组(80.00%,32/40),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.588,P=0.010);两组不良反应发生率分别为7.50%(3/40)和10.00%(4/40),差异无统计学意义。治疗后利巴韦林组和更昔洛韦组比较,C反应蛋白[(15.80±5.25)mg/L vs(20.42±5.38)mg/L]、白细胞介素-6[(10.24±2.75) ng/L vs(17.89±2.81)ng/L]、肿瘤坏死因子-α[(35.70±9.80) ng/L vs(50.31±9.77)ng/L]、血清神经元特异性烯醇酶[(9.77±1.33)μg/L vs(12.24±1.46)μg/L]和脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇酶[(10.25±1.96)μg/L vs(14.11±1.89)μg/L]在利巴韦林组均低于更昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001),利巴韦林组发热消失时间[(3.10±0.35)d vs(4.60±0.40)d]、头痛/呕吐消失时间[(2.25±0.25)d vs(3.10±0.20)d]、抽搐消失时间[(2.20±0.20)d vs(3.35±0.30)d]、意识障碍消失时间[(4.30±0.50)d vs(6.40±0.55)d]均短于更昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论利巴韦林治疗单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎效果确切、不良反应发生率低,值得推广。     

替诺福韦酯在乙型病毒性肝炎合并肝硬化患者挽救治疗中的应用

目的探讨替诺福韦酯在乙型病毒性肝炎合并肝硬化患者挽救治疗中的应用效果。方法收集2014-2017年沈阳市第六人民医院收治的乙肝合并肝硬化拉夫米定抗病毒治疗失败的患者89例,以替诺福韦酯进行挽救治疗%周。分别依据挽救治疗前患者HBV定量和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平将患者进行分组,比较不同分组情况下HBV累积应答率、乙型肝炎E抗原(HBeAg)累积转换率和ALT累积复常率。结果本组89例患者中,HBV累积应答64例,占71.91%;HBeAg累积转换32例,占35.96%;ALT累积复常74例,占83.15%。低定量组与高定量组HBV累积应答率、HBeAg累积转换率、ALT累积复常率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。低转氨酶组与高转氨酶组HBV累积应答率、HBeAg累积转换率、ALT累积复常率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论替诺福韦酯作为挽救治疗用药,可有效抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制,改善转氨酶和肝炎抗体指标,尤其是对病毒定量水平较低的患者,效果更为明显。     

A molecular based diagnosis of positive blood culture in the context of viral haemorrhagic fever: proof of concept

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using a PCR-based panel to identify bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in the setting of suspected or confirmed viral haemorrhagic fever.MethodsThe accuracy of the FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification Panel (BCID) assay was assessed to identify the common bacterial and fungal pathogens associated with bloodstream infections after positive blood culture inactivation using a guanidinium thiocyanate containing buffer lysis that is commonly used for viral haemorrhagic fever molecular diagnostics.ResultsThe FilmArray® BCID panel assay detected 95% (19/20) of the pathogens analysed in this study by using both protocols with and without inactivation. Absolute consistency (100%) was observed in all isolates with phenotypes compatible with the presence of the antibiotic resistance genes mecA, vanA, vanB and blaKPC.ConclusionsThe FilmArray® BCID panel assay coupled to inactivation using a guanidinium thiocyanate containing buffer lysis represents a convenient, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool to detect some of the most pathogens associated with bloodstream infections in the context of a suspected or confirmed viral haemorrhagic fever.     

单中心卵巢畸胎瘤患者中合并抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎的比例调查及临床特征分析

目的 探究卵巢畸胎瘤患者中发生抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR）脑炎的比例,并将合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者与未合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者的临床特征进行总结对比。方法 收集卵巢畸胎瘤患者的临床资料,将其分为合并抗NMDAR脑炎组与未合并抗NMDAR脑炎组,对其临床特征进行对比分析。结果 共收集到168例卵巢畸胎瘤患者,其中14例（8.3%）合并抗NMDAR脑炎;合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者年龄低于未合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者[（23.8±5.5）岁 vs. （29.8±9.1）岁,P = 0.016]。合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者肿瘤标志物以癌抗原125及血清铁蛋白升高为主,而未合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者肿瘤标志物以糖类抗原199升高为主。合并抗NMDAR脑炎与未合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者的肿瘤组织均可含有神经组织。结论 卵巢畸胎瘤患者中发生抗NDMAR脑炎的比例不低,对于无明显症状的卵巢畸胎瘤患者,可考虑积极行手术治疗,以降低发生抗NMDAR脑炎的风险。     

Viral load in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection identified on newborn hearing screening

BackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. However, congenital SNHL without other clinical abnormalities is rarely diagnosed as CMV-related in early infancy.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify and treat patients with congenital CMV-related SNHL or CMV-related clinical abnormalities other than SNHL. The association between CMV load and SNHL was also evaluated.Study designNewborns who had abnormal hearing screening results or other clinical abnormalities were screened for congenital CMV infection by PCR of saliva or urine specimens, and identified infected patients were treated with valganciclovir (VGCV) for 6 weeks. The CMV load of patients with or without SNHL was compared at regular intervals during as well as after VGCV treatment.ResultsOf 127 infants with abnormal hearing screening results, and 31 infants with other clinical abnormalities, CMV infection was identified in 6 and 3 infants, respectively. After VGCV treatment, 1 case had improved hearing but the other 5 SNHL cases had little or no improvement. Among these 9 patients with or without SNHL at 1 year of age, there was no significant difference in CMV blood or urine load at diagnosis, but both were significantly higher in patients with SNHL during VGCV treatment.ConclusionsSelective CMV screening of newborns having an abnormal hearing screening result would be a reasonable strategy for identification of symptomatic congenital CMV infection. Prolonged detection of CMV in blood could be a risk factor for SNHL.     

甲型流感病毒非结构蛋白1抑制干扰素抗病毒反应的研究进展

IFN-α/β是机体对抗外来病原体的第一道防线，其产生和后续激活的细胞信号转导可诱导具有抑制病毒感染和复制作用的IFN刺激基因的表达。然而，大多数病毒可通过表达一种或多种蛋白抵抗宿主细胞的抗病毒反应。流感病毒非结构蛋白1（nonstructural protein 1，NS1）作为多功能毒力因子，在流感病毒感染过程中起重要作用。此文概述了NS1的结构与功能及抑制IFN-α/β产生和抗病毒效应作用的机制，为研究流感病毒致病机理提供参考。