巴戟天伪品——线兰根的鉴别

对市场上新出现的巴戟天伪品——线兰根做了性状、显微和薄层层析鉴别研究 ,结果表明线兰根与正品巴戟天有明显差异。     

中药蜘蛛香和缬草类的形态组织学研究

报道了蜘蛛香Valeriana jatamansi Jones、缬草V.officinalis Linn、宽叶缬草V.officinalis Linn.var.latifolia Miq、黑水缬草V.amurensis Smir.ex Kom的生药性状及根茎和根的显微特征。蜘蛛香根茎圆柱状,皮层及髓部无石细胞群和橙皮甙结晶,易与三种缬草的形态组织构造区分,而三种缬草的形态组织相似,较难区分。     

基于巴戟天转录组数据的R2R3-MYB转录因子的鉴定和分析

为了挖掘参与巴戟天生长发育及次生代谢产物合成的MYB转录因子,本研究基于巴戟天根茎叶的转录组数据,筛选并鉴定巴戟天的R2R3-MYB转录因子,为以后通过遗传改良的手段调控巴戟天的代谢机制提供理论基础。根据巴戟天根茎叶的转录组数据,利用PFAM和plantTFDB等5个数据库,对预测的巴戟天R2R3-MYB转录因子进行鉴定, GO功能注释和分类、保守结构域分析、进化树比对分析和组织特异性表达差异分析。基于巴戟天的转录组数据共鉴定109个MYB转录因子,其中R2R3-MYB的数量为51个。亚细胞定位结果显示多数序列定位于细胞核,少部分位于细胞外基质。与分子功能、生物过程和细胞组分相关的GO terms的数量分别为112、76和239个。51个巴戟天R2R3-MYB转录因子中的R2-MYB和R3-MYB的保守基序分别为:-W-(X₁₉)-W-(X₁₉)-W-,-F-(X₁₈)-W-(X₁₈)-W-。通过与拟南芥R2R3-MYB转录因子的序列比对分析可知,除了S10、S19和S21亚家族没有分布,其他亚家族...     

Effect of Calendula Officinalis Cream on Achilles Tendon Healing

In recent years, the scientific community has undertaken research on plant extracts, searching for compounds with pharmacological activities that can be used in diverse fields of medicine. Calendula officinalis L. is known to have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound healing properties when used to treat skin burns. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of C. officinalis on the initial phase of Achilles tendon healing. Wistar rats were separated in three groups: Calendula (Cal)—rats with a transected tendon were treated with topical applications of C. officinalis cream and then euthanized 7 days after injury; Control (C)—rats were treated with only vehicle after transection; and Normal (N)—rats without tenotomy. Higher concentrations of hydroxyproline (an indicator of total collagen) and non‐collagenous proteins were observed in the Cal group in relation to the C group. Zymography showed no difference in the amount of the isoforms of metalloproteinase‐2 and of metalloproteinase‐9, between C and Cal groups. Polarization microscopy images analysis showed that the Cal group presented a slightly higher birefringence compared with the C group. In sections of tendons stained with toluidine blue, the transected groups presented higher metachromasy as compared with the N group. Immunocytochemistry analysis for chondroitin‐6‐sulfate showed no difference between the C and Cal groups. In conclusion, the topical application of C. officinalis after tendon transection increases the concentrations of collagen and non‐collagenous proteins, as well as the collagen organization in the initial phase of healing. Anat Rec, 298:428–435, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中药芦笋促T细胞有丝分裂活性的观察

低浓度芦笋原汁(0.1～1.0％)可明显促进正常小鼠胸腺细胞的增殖,也可刺激正常小鼠脾脏细胞的增殖,但对裸鼠脾脏细胞没有任何作用。由此提示,芦笋具有促T淋巴细胞有丝分裂的活性,而对B淋巴细胞没有作用。与常用的T细胞促有丝分裂素植物血凝素(PHA)及刀豆蛋白A(ConA)不同,芦笋原汁对人、绵羊、豚鼠和鸡的红细胞均无凝集作用。     

Pharmacological effects of extracts from Valeriana adscendens Trel. II. Effects on GABA uptake and amino acids

Methanolic and aqueous extracts from Valeriana adscendens (Valerianaceae), that previously demonstrated neuroleptic-like properties, were studied for their effects on GABA uptake and amino acid neurotransmitter levels. The methanolic estract showed a significant effect in inhibiting GABA uptake and in decreasing the intracellular content of amino acid neurotransmitters in crude synaptosomes of rat. The data obtained could explain the neuroleptic activity of methanolic extract of the plant and confirm its traditional use.     

Seasonal variation of the lipoidal matters and hypolipidaemic activity of the red alga Corallina officinalis L

The lipoidal matters of Corallina officinalis L. showed a seasonal nonsignificant quantitative variation. However, the fatty acids revealed a relative increase in the summer and winter, while unsaponifiable matter exhibited a slight increase in the spring. The GC/MS analysis of saponifiable and unsaponifiable matter of the algal samples collected in different seasons revealed that samples collected in the spring contained a low cholesterol content and high steroidal compounds as well as high polyunsaturated fatty acids. The alcohol extract, hexane extract and fatty acid fraction of this algal sample exhibited a significant hypolipidaemic activity. Also, two biologically active fractions of hydrocarbons were isolated by CC technique from the hexane fraction of C. officinalis L. and identified by GC/MS.     

Protective effect of a 50% hydroalcoholic fruit extract of Emblica officinalis against anti-tuberculosis drugs induced liver toxicity

The present report showed the hepatoprotective property of a 50% hydroalcoholic extract of the fruits of Emblica officinalis (fruit) (EO-50) against antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs-induced hepatic injury. The biochemical manifestations of hepatotoxicity induced by rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), either given alone or in combination were evaluated. In vitro studies were done on suspension cultures of rat hepatocytes while sub-acute studies were carried out in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of EO-50 was found to be due to its membrane stabilizing, antioxidative and CYP 2E1 inhibitory effects.     

Allergic contact dermatitis induced by rosemary leaf extract in a cleansing gel

We report a rare case of allergic contact dermatitis due to an extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). A 23-year-old woman had begun to notice itchy erythema on her face around one month before presentation. She used various cosmetics and a cleansing gel containing rosemary leaf extract. From the patch test results, she reacted positively to the cleansing gel (1% in distilled water) and the rosemary leaf extract (0.1% in distilled water), one of its ingredients.     

Studies on spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of Calendula officinalis flowers

The aqueous-ethanol extract of Calendula officinalis flowers (Co.Cr) was studied for its possible spasmolytic and spasmogenic effects in isolated gut preparations. In rabbit jejunum, Co.Cr caused a dose-dependent (0.03-3.0 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous and K+-induced contractions, suggestive of calcium channel blockade (CCB). In a few preparations, a mild non-reproducible spasmogenic effect was observed at lower doses, followed by relaxation. The CCB effect was confirmed when pretreatment of the jejunum preparations with Co.Cr produced a dose-dependent rightward shift in the Ca(++) dose-response curves, similar to that of verapamil. Activity-directed fractionation revealed that the spasmolytic activity of the plant was concentrated in its organic fractions. The aqueous fraction exhibited a marked atropine sensitive spasmogenic effect but was found to be devoid of any spasmolytic effect. These data indicate that the crude extract of Calendula officinalis flowers contains both spasmolytic and spasmogenic constituents, exhibiting these effects through calcium channel blocking and cholinergic activities and this study provides a scientific base for its traditional use in abdominal cramps and constipation.