肥厚性瘢痕组织中VEGF、ICAM-1、c-fos表达的变化

目的 检测与血管内皮细胞激活及增生相关的血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、细胞间粘附分子－1（ICAM－1），以及c-fos原癌基因在肥厚性瘢痕组织中的表达。方法 采用免疫组化SP方法，比较VEGF、ICAM－1、c-fos在肥厚性瘢痕、正常瘢痕、正常皮肤组织中的表达。结果 VEGF、ICAM－1、c-fos在肥厚性瘢痕中表达皆增强。VEGF、c-fos主要表达在表皮、真皮血管、皮肤附属器；ICAM－1主要表达在真皮浅层血管、浸润的炎细胞、成纤维细胞。结论 肥厚性瘢痕组织中血管内皮细胞处于一种激活状态，肥厚性瘢痕组织内皮细胞和成纤维增殖异常。     

Current prevalence of hepatitis A,B and C in a well-defined area in rural Crete,Greece

A seroepidemiological study was carried out in a geographically well-defined area in rural Crete in order to determine the prevalence of A, B and C hepatitis markers in the local population. Serum samples were obtained from 257 subjects (94 males, 163 females), aged 15 years and over, who visited the primary health care services of the Spili Health Centre between July 1993 and March 1994, and from 164 subjects (83 males, 81 females) randomly selected from households in three neighbouring villages of the study area. In samples obtained from the Spili Health Centre, antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) were detected in 234/244 (95.9%) subjects, antibodies to hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAb) were detected in 63/257 (24.5%) subjects and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were detected in 28/257 (10.9%) subjects. The corresponding figures for those randomly selected from the villages were 135/154 (87.7%), 16/164 (9.8%) and 5/164 (3%) respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in three (1.2%) subjects from the first group, while none of those recruited from the villages were positive for HBsAg. Interestingly, hepatitis markers were closely associated with age. No subjects under the age of 15 years showed evidence of prior hepatitis A infection and approximately 20% of those between 15 and 44 years of age were also negative. By contrast, practically all subjects older than 44 years were anti-HAV positive. Similarly, the majority of all those who were anti-HCV positive were older subjects. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis in this well-defined population seems to be different from other parts of Greece, at least for hepatitis B and C viruses. There is a very low prevalence of HBsAg and a very high incidence of anti-HCV. Low exposure to HAV, as found in other parts of the country, was also found in the younger generation in this rural area of Crete.     

C3 Deposition in IgA Nephropathy in Children and Adolescents

The aim of this study was to assess the significance of C3 deposition in IgA nephropathy in children and adolescents. One hundred and two patients aged 5–21 years (57 male and 45 female) were studied. The findings of C3 deposition were classified into 8 groups by immunofluorescent (IF) pattern and intensity as follows: group MC3+ (N = 12): mesangiocapillary pattern and 3+ in intensity; group MC2+ (N = 13): mesangiocapillary and 2+; group MC1 + (N = 4): mesangiocapillary and 1 +; group M3+ (N = 11): mesangial and 3+; group M2+ (N = 24): mesangial and 2+; group M1 + (N=18): mesangial 1 +; group S (N = 12): only segmentally positive; and group N (N = 8): negative. Histological changes were scored semiquantitatively as an activity index (cellular proliferation, necrosis, interstitial cell infiltration, and cellular crescents) and a chronicity index (mesangial sclerosis, segmental and global glomerular sclerosis, fibrous crescents, adhesion and tubulo-interstitial change). IF findings were scored semiquantitatively and laboratory findings were also studied. The following results were obtained: 1) The scores of total activity index in MC groups were higher than in the M, S or N groups, and the greater the degree of C3 deposition, the higher the score; 2) Such result was not evident in the chronicity index; 3) High IF scores of IgG and IgM were found in the MC3+ and MC2+ groups; 4) Hematuria was more severe in MC3+ and MC2+ than in other groups, and proteinuria was more prominent in the MC than other groups. Thus the degree of C3 deposition was parallel with histological activity and urinary findings.     

Vaccination against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep using purified secretory acetylcholinesterase from Trichostrongylus colubriformis– an initial pilot study

Purified secretory acetylcholinesterase (sAChE) from Trichostrongylus colubriformis was used as a candidate vaccine against mixed T. colubriformis, Haemonchus contortus and C. oncophora challenge infections of sheep. Cross species protection was achieved with an average reduction in worm burden of all species of 31%, rising to 58% in individual cases. There was no consistent reduction in faecal egg counts and increases in anti-T. colubriformis sAChE IgG antibody levels following vaccination were modest. We suggest that improved antigen delivery systems will result in increased host protection.     

Positron emission tomography in oncology

Summary. The particular advantages of positron emission tomography (PET) technique are that it has higher sensitivity, higher resolution, and a higher quality of image than that found in conventional nuclear medicine. The possibility of quantification and the wide range of useful tracers have raised expectations of this new method. To date, most of the human PET cancer studies have been performed with [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) or [¹¹CJmethionine. These are good imaging agents for tumours. However, more specific radiopharmaceuticals are required if other features of tumour metabolism are to be observed, f¹¹Thymidine may prove to be a good tracer for quantitative measurements of tumour proliferation and [¹⁸F]misonidazole has been suggested for imaging of hypoxia.     

活血化瘀法治疗髌骨软骨软化症的探讨

本文从髌骨软骨软化症的病因病理出发，阐述了活血化瘀疗法治疗髌骨软骨软化症的作用及其原理，列举了活血化瘀法在该病治疗中的具体运用，同时强调了在辨证施治基础上活血化瘀的重要性。     

Fluorotyping of HLA-C: differential detection of amplicons by sequence-specific priming and fluorogenic probing

Conventional PCR-SSP, which is based on an agarose gel-based read-out, has the disadvantages of time-consuming post-PCR steps and low potential for automation. The aim of our study was to sort out these drawbacks by establishing a fluorescence-based PCR-SSP system for HLA-C. The assay relies on the sequence-specific identification of amplicons with individually labeled probes that are cleaved during successful PCR by the 5'-3' exonuclease activity of the Taq-DNA Polymerase. The oligonucleotides are labeled with a unique and spectrally resolvable fluorescent reporter dye at the 5' terminus (FAM or TET) and a common quencher dye at the 3' terminus (TAMRA). In case of amplification, the reporter escapes from the quenching control caused by the physical separation of the dyes, resulting in a significant increase of the reporter fluorescence. This allows simultaneous and differential detection of the specific HLA (FAM) and internal control (TET) product. The HLA-C fluorotyping information is based on the individual reporter fluorescence released by 18 PCR primer mixes. Using this method, we analyzed 145 samples previously typed with conventional PCR-SSP and found a concordance rate of 100%. Furthermore, fluorotyping revealed quantitative results that may indicate the presence of homozygosity by high signal intensities. This provided extra protection not to miss new alleles which are not amplified by the current primer mixes. These features as well as the capability of high sample throughput and the possibility of automation makes fluorotyping an attractive tool for PCR-based HLA typing.     

HCVRNA阳性的丙型肝炎诊断和治疗探讨

HCVRNA阳性的丙型肝炎46例，均经临床和／或组织学确诊。治疗组24例用IFNa－nl或a－2b3×106IU，隔日一次；对照组22例用一般护肝药物。HCVRNA12周转阴率治疗组为83．3％，对照组为9．0％（P＜0．001）。ALT和AST复常率治疗组也优于对照组（P＜0．05）。随访观察满48周者治疗组15例中HCVRNA持续转阴11例（73．3％）．对照组5例均持续阳性。治疗组中5例做了Ⅰ～Ⅲ型HCV基因分型，结果均为Ⅱ型。同时对急、慢性丙型肝炎的发病过程和病理诊断作了讨论。