3种清热解毒类中药注射剂治疗小儿手足口病的Meta分析

摘 要 目的：评价清热解毒类中药注射剂在手足口病治疗中的临床应用的疗效和安全性。 方法: 计算机检索 PubMed、Cochrane Library、CNKI,VIP和WanFang Data数据库,搜集清热解毒类中药注射剂治疗小儿手足口病的随机对照试验（RCTs）,检索时限均为建库至2019年3月,由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果: 共纳入11个RCTs,共 2 071例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,与西药常规疗法组比较,中药注射剂组治疗小儿手足口病可提高总有效率 [OR=2.88,95%CI（1.62,5.10）,P=0.000 3]、缩短退热起效时间 [MD=-8.10,95%CI（-11.77,-4.42）,P＜0.000 1]、缩短体温恢复正常时间 [MD=-16.63,95%CI（-22.68,-10.59）,P＜0.000 01]、缩短手足皮疹消退时间 [MD=-29.57,95%CI（-47.18,-11.95）,P=0.001];在不良反应发生率、重症转化率上,两组的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论: 清热解毒类中药注射剂治疗小儿手足口病具有一定的优势,可在临床推广使用。但现有高质量文献不多,因此本研究最终纳入文献数量较少,未能对3种中药注射剂之间的疗效和安全性进行比较,需要更多设计严谨的高质量、多中心的随机双盲临床研究进一步验证。     

Quantitative evaluation of microvascular dysfunction in peripheral neuropathy with diabetes by indocyanine green angiography

Aims

Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes (PND) plays a central role in foot ulceration with diabetes, and leads to an abnormal microvascular structure, including arteriovenous shunting. To assess the extent of arteriovenous shunting we performed indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with diabetes and evaluated quantitative ICGA parameters.

Methods

Between November 2012 and July 2013, twenty-six limbs in 14 patients with PND and twenty-three limbs in 15 patients without PND underwent ICGA testing. The ICGA parameters, which included the time to maximum intensity (Tmax), the time from fluorescence onset to half the maximum intensity (T1/2), the time elapsed from the maximum intensity to 90% of the Imax and to 75% of the Imax (Td 90% and Td 75%, respectively) and the rate of intensity measured 60 s after the Tmax to Imax (IR 60 s), were compared between the patients with and without PND.

Results

The Tmax, T1/2, Td 90%, Td 75% and IR 60 s were significantly different between patients with and without PND. A value of Td 90% >30 s was significantly correlated with the presence of PND (sensitivity: 0.85, specificity: 0.78).

Conclusions

ICGA tests can be used to quantitatively assess arteriovenous shunting in the limbs with PND. By measuring the value of the Td 90%, ICGA tests can estimate the presence of the arterio-venous shunting in PND, which might be helpful for assessing the progression of foot ulceration with diabetes, gangrene and the need for amputation.     

Medicinal plants commonly used against cancer in traditional medicine formulae in Sri Lanka

Cancer is a global burden. In low- and middle-income countries around 70% of deaths are due to cancer. For a number of years natural products have been a good source of agents for combatting cancer and plants have played a huge role in anti-cancer product development. For many centuries, indigenous cultures around the world have used traditional herbal medicine to treat a myriad of diseases including cancer. In Sri Lanka, a number of plants have been reported to have anti-cancer properties and some of the commonly used plants are described in this review with an account of their compounds and modes of action. Only a small number of the plants in Sri Lanka have been tested for their bioactivity and more research is required to determine their medicinal activity with the aim of developing novel drugs to fight this disease.     

Influence of chitosan coating on the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles in rats

Gold nanoparticles are one of the most extensively investigated metallic nanoparticles for several applications. It is less toxic than other metallic nanolattices. The exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity of gold make it possible to be administered as non-invasive radiofrequency irradiation therapy that produces sufficient heat to kill tumor cells. Nanoparticles are generally administered intravenously instead of orally due to negligible oral absorption and cellular uptake. This study evaluated the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles coated with chitosan (C-AuNPs), a natural mucoadhesive polymer. We employed traditional method of evaluating bioavailability that involve estimation of maximum concentrations and area under the curve of 3?nm chitosan coated gold nanoparticles (C-AuNPs) in the rat plasma following intravenous and oral administrations (0.8?mg and 8?mg/kg body weight respectively). The oral bioavailability of C-AuNPs was found to be 2.46% (approximately 25 folds higher than polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold nanoparticles, reported earlier). These findings suggest that chitosan coating could be better than PEG coating for the enhancement of oral bioavailability of nanoparticles.     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压并射血分数保留心力衰竭的疗效

 目的 评价沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压并射血分数保留心力衰竭(heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF)患者疗效及预后。方法 选取2018-01至2020-06武警新疆总队医院收治的原发性高血压合并HFpEF患者63例,随机分为试验组32例,对照组31例,试验组给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦,对照组给予缬沙坦,其他药物按指南推荐的使用,随访3个月,观察患者血压水平、NT-proBNP水平、左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、射血分数(LVEF)、E/A值、纽约心功能分级及6 min步行试验改善情况。结果 随访3个月,试验组6 min步行试验距离提高优于对照组[(516.8±47.5)m vs. (425.7±68.5)m],E/A比值提高优于对照组[(0.97±0.15) vs. (0.87±0.16)],试验组NT-proBNP水平低于对照组[(2528.3±761.3)pg/ml vs. (4897.8±966.3) pg/ml];试验组心功能改善有效率为87.5%,明显高于对照组(61.2%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗后,两组血压均有不同程度的降低,但治疗后两组收缩压及舒张压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); EF值、LAD、LVEDD治疗前后差异无统计学意义。结论 沙库巴曲缬沙坦能明显提高患者6 min步行试验距离、NYHA心功能分级、E/A值,有效缓解HFpEF患者的临床症状,明显降低其NT-proBNP水平。     

超声测定子宫弓状动脉收缩期峰值流速 阻力指数 搏动指数对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值

目的探究超声测定子宫弓状动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值。方法将2016年7月至2019年5月我院收治的晚孕期前置胎盘孕妇58例纳为研究对象,以分娩时胎盘诊断结果分组,38例前置胎盘伴植入产妇纳入前置胎盘伴植入组,20例前置胎盘孕妇纳入前置胎盘组。2组产妇均进行腹部超声测定子宫弓状动脉PSV、RI、PI指标,对比2组检测结果,并对结果进行ROC曲线分析其诊断价值。结果前置胎盘伴植入组孕妇PSV、RI、PI指标均高于前置胎盘组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);PSV诊断前置胎盘伴植入的曲线下面积为0.864,最佳截断值为36.36 cm/s时,可以获得最佳诊断效能,对应的特异度、灵敏度分别为0.974、0.600,约登指数为0.574,诊断价值相对理想。RI、PI指标AUC、敏感度、特异度相对较小,诊断价值相比较低。结论超声测定子宫弓状动脉PSV对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值较大,可以作为临床诊断前置胎盘伴植入的参考依据。