援外针灸临床综述(二)

介绍我国援外医疗队在 3 6个国家以 17种治疗方法为主治疗 40多种病的概况。     

现代中医药发展战略思考

建国几十年来，由于党和政府的大力提倡和扶持，中医药得到了很大发展，但相对于西医的发展势头仍显不足。尤其是近10多年来，由于现代科技及现代管理学的有力推动，西医获得了突飞猛进的发展，然而，中医却由于种种原因发展相对缓慢。在这各行各业竞相发展的现代社会，中医要生存，就蓝须发展，中医要发展，就妊须总揽全局，从战略高度克服中医药发展的各种不利因素，充分发挥各方面的有利条件。     

骨外科患者拔尿管时注入药物对排尿的影响

目的探讨提高长时间留置导尿管病人拔管后2h内排尿成功率的方法。方法按入院先后随机将64例导尿的男性骨折病人分两组,单数为观察组,双数为对照组。对照组常规拔尿管,观察组拔尿管时遵医嘱注入地塞米松5mg+2%利多卡因5ml+生理盐水5ml+庆大霉素8万U,比较首次排尿的自觉症状,包括尿痛、排尿困难、排尿障碍等。结果观察组较对照组病人首次排尿出现自觉症状的例数明显减少(P<0.01),有显著性差异。结论拔尿管时注入药物安全有效,明显提高了长期置管病人拔除尿管后首次排尿的成功率,减轻了病人的痛苦,有广泛的应用价值。     

Characteristics of Acute Asthma Patients Attended Frequently Compared with Those Attended Only Occasionally in an Emergency Department

Asthma patients that depend on emergency department (ED) services are generally considered to have extremely poor disease control and prognosis. It is important to identify characteristics related to poor disease control and frequent visits to the ED to apply appropriate clinical management. This study comprised a cross-sectional survey of consecutive patients with asthma exacerbation (age ≥12 years) presenting at the adult ED of a large, tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital over a 2-month period. The frequent visitors (FV) were defined by ≥3 visits to the ED in the preceding year, and the occasional visitors (OV) by ≤2 visits. Eighty-six patients (61 females and 25 males) were included in the study (mean age 38 ± 18 years). Of these patients, 51.2% were FV and 48.8% were OV. Sixty-nine percent had annual income lower than A$3000 and 66.3% had ≤8 years of the formal education. Only 18.6% had used inhaled corticosteroids, 79.1% identified the asthma attack severity, 70.9% increased or initiated inhaled β-agonist, 20.9% increased or initiated steroid therapy, and 55.8% had an asthma action plan for attack. The number of hospital admissions in past year (OR 4.3, P = .02), use of home nebulizer (OR 3.6, P = .05) and the lack of a written asthma action plan (OR 3.3, P = .03) were independently associated with frequent visits to the ED. We conclude that a substantial proportion of the patients that visit the ED are FV. These patients are more likely to have hospital admission in the past year, to use a home nebulizer, and to lack a written asthma action plan. They should be considered the most important target for asthma education.     

中西医联合治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的疗效观察

目的 :探讨单纯疱疹性角膜炎是中西医联合用药的治疗方法。方法 :本组 10 0例 ( 10 6只眼 )单纯疱疹性角膜炎患者应用抗病毒药物联合清热解毒中药的疗效观察。结果 :本组病例治疗后总有效率 82 .0 8%。结论 :中西医联合治疗措施是我们对单纯疱疹性角膜炎治疗的一项新的探讨。     

深化医学教学改革为社区培养实用型医学人才的实践

为适应医学模式的转变，实现“人人享有卫生保健“的全球战略目标，培养和建设一支满足社区卫生服务急需的实用型医学人才。文章介绍了我院在深化医学教学改革过程中，采用多种综合性措施强化在校临床医学专业本科生的全科医学知识教育，为其将来从事社区卫生服务奠定基础。为满足当前我国社区卫生服务工作对实用型医学人才的急需，对于主要面向基层培养高级医学人才的地方性普通高等医学院校，应对在校学生提前有机地增加和融入社区全科医学知识教育，这有利于强化和巩固医学生的社区卫生服务观念和综合素质。     

Rejuvenation in the early 20th century

Summary. The first theoretical reflections concerning the relation of hormone production with the ageing process stemmed from Charles Edouard Brown-Sequard (1817–1894). At the age of 72 years he experimented on himself with an injection of animal testicular extract.
The Viennese physiologist Eugen Steinach (1861–1944) gained world-wide acknowledgement for his theory of 'autoplastic' treatment of ageing. He deduced that after vasoligation, an increased incretory hormonal production would ensue following the cessation of the secretory output of the gonads. The first operation was performed in 1918 and resulted in a vasectomy boom over the next two decades.
The Russian Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), working in Paris, was one of the first to transplant testicular tissue from a monkey into a human reproductive gland in 1920. Five years later he had already performed this procedure on 300 patients and attracted patients from all over the world.
In America early efforts of human testicular transplantation were performed by Frank Lydston and V.D. Lespinasse. Steinach's vasoligation was taken over by many American doctors, e.g., Harry Benjamin and Charles H. Chetwood. Among the patients who underwent a rejuvenation operation according to Steinach's method were Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and the Irish poet and Nobel Prize winner William Butler Yeats (1865–1939). Two caricatures from the German magazine Simplicissimus published in 1927, confirm that the rejuvenation operations were constantly in the limelight of the printed media. From 1935 onwards rejuvenation operations gradually lost their appeal due to the introduction of artificial androgens.