Effects of high doses of testosterone propionate and testosterone enanthate on rat seminiferous tubules — a stereological and cytological study

The effects of exogenous testosterone on various testicular variables has become of increasing significance because of its potential use in male contraception. For this reason, high doses of two testosterone esters [testosterone propionate (TP) and testosterone enanthate (TE)] were used in a study of their influence on the morphology, length and curvature of the seminiferous tubules of the rat testis, and on cytological smears of the seminiferous tubules epithelium. TP was given for 14 days (3 mg/100 g body weight, i. m.) to assess the acute effects of testosterone on the seminiferous tubules. TE was administered for 60 days (in the same manner as TP) to study possible chronic effects on the rat testis. After TP and TE treatment the seminiferous tubule epithelium showed disorganization and desquamation of spermatogenic cells. In the TP-treated testes the tubules lined with Sertoli cells only were observed. The values for the length and curvature of seminiferous tubules of the TP- and TE-treated rats were significantly reduced (p<0.001). All these changes were observed earlier in the TP-treated than in the TE-treated animals. In cytological smears of the testis of the TP- and TE-treated rats an increase of vacuoles and residual bodies in Sertoli cell cytoplasm was noted. In addition, a reduction of spermatogenic cells, particularly sperms, was manifest in the smears after treatment. Large groups of Sertoli cells were seen in the smears from these testes.The study was supported by a Grant for Scientific Research No. 3-01-041 from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Informatics of the Republic of Croatia     

睾酮对低氧小鼠红细胞比容和血清促红细胞生成素的影响

为了观察性激素对红细胞生成的作用,应用低压舱(0.42atm,22h/d)分别给小鼠注射人重组促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)、睾酮、皮质醇,检测红细胞比容(Hct)和血清促红细胞生成素(sEPO)的变化。结果表明:低氧6d后,各组sEPO均显著升高(P<0.05);注射rhEPO或睾酮组的Hct显著增加(P<0.05);注射rhEPO或睾酮组的Hct显著增加(P<0.05),而注射皮质醇组Hct改变不显著(P>0.05)。     

阉割和睾酮替代对大鼠应激免疫抑制蛋白的影响

目的 :研究阉割和睾酮替代对束缚应激模型大鼠血清中应激免疫抑制蛋白的影响。方法 :成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、阉割组、阉割后睾酮替代组。每组 10～ 12只。以上各组随机抽出一半给予束缚应激 ,另一半作为不应激对照。观察各组大鼠血清对ConA诱导的淋巴细胞转化的作用 ,作为反映血清中应激免疫抑制蛋白含量的指标。在离体实验中观察不同浓度的睾酮对淋巴细胞转化的直接作用。结果 :阉割可促进应激大鼠血清中应激免疫抑制蛋白的产生 ,睾酮替代可对抗这一作用。结论 :睾酮可在一定范围内对抗应激免疫抑制蛋白的产生。     

Relations of hippocampal volume and dentate gyrus width to gonadal hormone levels in male and female meadow voles

The present study examined hippocampal volume and dentate gyrus width and their relations to gonadal hormone levels in adult male and female meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Females were split into High and Low Estradiol groups based on the median estradiol level. Males were similarly split into High and Low Testosterone groups. Contrary to previous reports in wild meadow voles, there was no evidence of an overall sex difference in hippocampal volume. However, when male-female comparisons were limited to High Testosterone males and Low Estradiol females a significant sex difference in hippocampal volume favouring males did emerge. Hippocampal volume in males was related to testosterone level, with High Testosterone males having significantly larger hippocampi than Low Testosterone males. Similarly, there was a significant influence of plasma estradiol level on hippocampal volume and left dentate gyrus width, with High Estradiol females having larger hippocampi and dentate gyrus width than Low Estradiol females. In addition, consistent with previous findings in the laboratory rat, there were sex differences favouring males in right dentate gyrus width. These findings show that there is a complex relationship between hippocampal volume, dentate gyrus width and gonadal hormone levels in male and female meadow voles.     

Gonadal axis hormones in male schizophrenic patients during treatment with haloperidol and after switch to risperidone

Rationale: The atypical neuroleptic risperidone, in addition to its dopamine receptor blocking activity, has a high affinity for serotonergic receptors. Since both dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal activities participate in regulation of the pituitary – gonadal axis (PGA), it is expected that a switch from treatment with haloperidol to treatment with risperidone should influence plasma levels of PGA hormones. Objective: To study the effects of a drug with dopamine and serotonin receptor blocking activity on PGA hormones in patients who were on treatment with a dopamine receptor blocker. Methods: Plasma levels of testosterone, luteinizing harmone (LH) and follicle stimulating harmone (FSH), as well as prolactin and cortisol, were measured in 16 male schizophrenic patients during treatment with haloperidol (mean dose 23.3 mg daily, SD = 16.9) and 6 weeks later after switching to treatment with risperidone (mean dose 11.8 mg daily, SD = 2.9). Psychopathology was assessed by BPRS. Results: After switching to risperidone, total BPRS score and the scores in its subscales for positive, negative, and general symptoms were all significantly reduced in the order of 35–45%. Prolactin levels were significantly increased from 39.5 ± 22.3 to 58.9 ± 28.5 ng/ml (F = 4.61, P = 0.04), while cortisol, testosterone, LH, and FSH remained unchanged. No significant correlations between prolactin increases and reduction in BPRS or in its subscale scores were found. Conclusions: The results show that blocking of both dopamine and serotonin receptors does not influence the pituitary – gonadal axis but considerably increases prolactin release. Received: 29 June 1998/Final version: 23 October 1998     

Evaluation of various doses of testosterone on accessory reproductive organs and plasma testosterone in intact and gonadectomized rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The effect of 10 days i.m. treatment of testosterone propionate (TP) on plasma testosterone and accessory reproductive organs were studied in adult (6 to 6 1/2 kg) male rhesus monkeys, housed under natural light conditions using six different dose levels. The study was scheduled in the month of September and October. To maintain the weight of accessory reproductive organs and testosterone levels in castrates, different dose levels of exogenous testosterone propionate were required: 3.2 mg/d for seminal vesicles, 4.8 mg/d for ventral prostate and 3.2 mg/d for plasma testosterone titer. The levels of so-called "physiological" doses of exogenous testosterone varied for various target organs under consideration. TP at a dose of 0.4 mg/d had a depressing effect on plasma testosterone in intact monkeys. For higher doses, plasma testosterone increased roughly similarly in both intact and castrated monkeys. It suggests that with otherwise "physiological" doses of testosterone propionate, there is an almost complete blockage of endogenous testosterone secretion.     

肺癌患者血清中性激素水平与肿瘤临床病理特征关系的研究

目的 :探讨肺癌患者血清中性激素水平与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系及其临床意义。方法 :采用化学发光免疫分析方法测定 6 0例肺癌患者 (包括 15例绝经后女性患者 )、30例健康人群血清中雌二醇 (estradiol,E2 )、睾酮 (testosterone,T)、孕激素 (progestin ,P)、卵泡刺激素 (folliclestimulatinghormone ,FSH)、黄体生成素 (lutenisinghormone,LH)及催乳素 (prolactin)水平。结果 :与正常人群相比 ,肺癌患者血清中T降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,E2 、E2 /T比值升高 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;伴随肿瘤体积增大 ,E2 水平逐渐升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;小细胞肺癌患者血清中E2 值及E2 /T比值较对照组明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤患者E2 值及E2 /T比值明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者分别 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;而血清中性激素水平与患者年龄及肿瘤大体类型无关 (P>0 0 5 )。结论 :男性及绝经后女性肺癌患者血清中存在性激素代谢的失衡与紊乱 ;临床检测肺癌患者血清中性激素T、E2 及E2 /T比值有助于肿瘤的早期诊断、判断病理分期及预后判断 ;肺癌可能为性激素依赖性肿瘤。     

不同前列腺组织中睾酮及双氢睾酮含量测定的研究

目的　研究雄激素在前列腺增生症及前列腺癌发生中的作用。　方法　分别测定正常人、前列腺增生症患者以及前列腺癌患者血清和前列腺组织中睾酮 (T)及双氢睾酮 (DHT)的浓度。　结果　表明随着年龄增长 ,正常人血清中T水平逐渐下降而DHT浓度保持相对稳定。前列腺增生症或前列腺癌患者血清中两种雄激素浓度与正常对照组相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。长期服用非那雄胺治疗的前列腺增生症患者血清中的DHT水平明显降低而T水平基本不变。各种组织中DHT的含量均为T的几十倍以上 ,前列腺增生症及前列腺癌组织中DHT的含量明显高于正常组织 (P<0 0 1) ,而各组之间组织中睾酮含量差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。长期应用非那雄胺治疗前列腺增生患者组织中DHT的含量没有明显降低 ,而且不同部位增生组织中DHT的含量差异有显著性意义。　结论　前列腺增生症及前列腺癌组织中DHT的高浓度积聚与其发病密切相关 ,组织中DHT的积聚可能是由于前列腺局部 5a 还原酶增高所致 ,而且前列腺组织中可能存在着不止一种 5a 还原酶的作用。     

输精管结扎兔睾丸IL-1与血浆睾酮变化的研究

为了探讨输精管结扎术后睾丸IL—1的活性、来源及其与睾酮变化的关系,同步检测了结扎6、25个月家兔辜丸匀浆上清IL—1活性和血浆睾酮含量,并进行了睾丸组织IL—lmRNA的原位杂交.结果表明:(1)睾丸组织匀浆上清IL-1活性以VG6为高,与SOG6比较有显著差异(P<0.01);(2)睾丸组织IL-1mRNA的原位杂交,VG6中IL-lmRNA的杂交信号明显强于其他各组,杂交信号主要分布在曲细精管内的 Sertoli细胞和生殖细胞,也见于间质中的某些细胞中;(3)血浆睾酮含量结扎术后6个月明显降低,与对照组比有显著差异(P<0.05),IL-1活性与血浆睾酮含量呈明显的负相关关系(r=-0.595,P<0.01).故推测,结扎早期睾丸炎症所引起的巨噬细胞活化和Sertoli细胞吞噬变性精子和残余体过程增强,可能是睾丸IL-1的主要来源.输精管结扎术后IL-1活性的一过性升高可能是睾酮含量下降的原因.IL-1可能作为旁分泌调节因子抑制Leydig细胞睾酮合成.     

氯乙酸甲酯亚慢性染毒大鼠睾丸组织和血清睾酮水平变化

目的研究氯乙酸甲酯亚慢性染毒大鼠睾丸功能和组织学变化。方法将55只雄性大鼠随机分成5组,4个剂量组分别给予4.3、8.6、17.2和34.4mg/kg的氯乙酸甲酯,对照组给予生理盐水共13周,观察睾丸和附睾组织形态学的变化,检测精子活力、精子计数以及精子畸形率,血清睾酮水平和睾丸细胞的凋亡率。结果高剂量染毒组睾丸脏器系数、血清睾酮水平、睾丸细胞凋亡率[0.85±0.05、(5.93±2.75)μg/L、(18.22±7.03)%]与对照组[0.80±0.09、(14.70±8.04)μg/L、(6.40±4.51)%]之间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论最高剂量氯乙酸甲酯处理大鼠睾丸和血清睾酮水平有变化。