术中使用保温毯对患者体温影响的研究

目的探讨使用保温毯对术中患者体温的影响及使用保温毯的最佳时间，为临床更好地使用保温毯提供参考并对其安全性进行评价。方法随机抽样法收集资料，并分为2组，对照组30例（未使用保温毯）和实验组30例（使用保温毯），所有患者用鼻咽温探头监测其体温变化。结果实验组体温高于对照组体温（t=2．21，P〈0．05），使用保温毯加温后30min体温明显高于入室后体温（t=-6．78，P〈0．05），使用保温毯加温30min以后不同时间点体温比较无显著性差异（F=1．31，P〉0．05）。结论使用保温毯可使患者体温维持在正常水平，患者在进入手术室时开始使用保温毯可避免患者体温因进入手术室后的环境因素使患者体温大幅度降低，患者使用保温毯加温30min恢复正常体温以后不会因麻醉和手术因素使体温降低。     

血管内膜表面温度差对识别兔腹主动脉易损斑块的价值

目的 评价血管内膜表面温度差在判定兔腹主动脉易损斑块中的价值.方法 雄性新西兰大白兔20只,给予球囊拉伤腹主动脉加高脂饮食喂养16周,建立兔腹主动脉易损斑块模型.存活的大白兔通过中国斑点蝰蛇毒和组胺触发,诱发斑块破裂以及血栓形成.行兔腹主动脉斑块和周围组织的表面温度差测定.结果 16只实验兔顺利完成模型建立,在这些模型上共发现斑块24处.共进行54次斑块表面温度测量.14只兔有17处光学显微镜下观察切片符合易损斑块的特征,共进行了37次表面温度测量;6只有7处符合纤维性斑块特征,进行了17次表面温度测量;4处为非斑块区,共进行9次测量.易损斑块的表面温度差水平为0.94±0.25℃,而纤维斑块的水平为0.15±0.14℃,非斑块区的水平为0.10±0.08℃.易损斑块的表面温度差较纤维斑块和非斑块区明显增高,有统计学差异(P＜0.01).血管内膜表面温度差大于0.3℃识别兔动脉粥样硬化易损斑块的敏感性和特异性分别为86.5％和85.2％.结论 血管内膜表面温度差的测定有助于识别易损斑块.     

The changes of skin temperature on hands and feet during and after T3 sympathicotomy for palmar hyperhidrosis

Unilateral thoracic sympathectomy in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis causes a skin temperature drop in the contralateral hand. A cross-inhibitory effect by the post-ganglionic neurons innervating hands is postulated as a mechanism of contralateral vasoconstriction. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether this cross-inhibitory effect also occurs in the feet. Twenty patients scheduled for thoracoscopic sympathicotomy due to palmar hyperhidosis were studied. Right T3 sympathicotomy was performed first, followed by left T3 sympathicotomy. The thenar skin temperatures of both hands and feet were continuously monitored using a thermometer and recorded before induction of anesthesia, during the operation, 4 hr after and 1 week later. Following right T3 sympathicotomy, the skin temperature of the ipsilateral hand gradually increased, however the skin temperature of the contralateral hand gradually decreased. Immediately after bilateral sympathicotomy, the skin temperature differences between hands and feet increased, but these differences decreased 1 week later. Our results show that cross-inhibitory control may exist in feet as well as in the contralateral hand. Thus, the release of cross-inhibitory control following T3 sympathicotomy results in vasoconstriction and decrease of skin temperature on the contralateral hand and feet. One week later, however, the temperature balance on hands and feet recovers.     

Effect of perfusate temperature on pulmonary vascular resistance and compliance by arterial and venous occlusion in the rat

The effect of different temperatures of perfusing fluid was tested on the pulmonary circulation of the rat. With increasing temperature, a decrease in overall pulmonary vascular resistance was observed, which depended on the associated reductions of arterial, venous and capillary vascular resistances. The highest sensitivity to temperature changes was exhibited by the venous segment. The overall sensitivity of pulmonary vessels to temperature caused a reduction in hydraulic resistance of about 1% for each 1°C temperature increment. Compliance of pulmonary vessels increased when perfusate temperature was increased from between 25 and 35°C to 45°C, probably due to a direct effect of temperature on the stiffness of the vessel walls.     

基于单片机的全自动腹腔灌注热化疗仪的系统设计

针对腹腔肿瘤提出的一种热疗与化疗复合治疗的新方法。本文设计了这套智能型全自动腹腔灌注热化疗设备。利用加热炉丝加热化疗药物,通过恒流泵将药液送入人体腹腔,从腹腔流出的药液废弃掉。系统采用单片机对加热温度及流速进行控制,以使腹腔内化疗药液温度恒定在最佳温度值附近。     

Voluntary access to a warm plate reduces hyperactivity in activity-based anorexia

Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is considered an animal model of anorexia nervosa. In ABA, scheduled feeding in combination with voluntary wheel running leads to hyperactivity, reduced food intake, severe body weight loss and hypothermia. In this study it was investigated whether hyperactivity in ABA could be reduced by introducing a warm plate (which was voluntary accessible and did not influence ambient temperature) into a part of the cage. In ad libitum fed rats, the presence of the warm plate did not influence body temperature, running wheel activity (RWA), body weight or food intake. During ABA, however, rats preferred the warm plate and hypothermia was prevented, while hyperactivity and body weight loss were significantly reduced when compared to ABA rats without a plate. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between basal body temperature and RWA during the light phase in ABA rats. However, there was no evidence that initiation of light phase RWA was a result of hypothermia. These data suggest that ABA rats prefer to prevent hypothermia passively by choosing a warm plate rather than actively regulating body temperature by hyperactivity.     

智能化穴位温度检测仪的研制及实验研究

在经络穴位的生物物理属性中，由于皮肤温度比较灵敏，易于观察，又能及时反映该处血管的舒缩变化。作者利用铂电阻作为测温控头，用微机进行数据处理，并利用该系统进行人体皮肤温度的检测及分析。结果表明：皮肤温差点基本上是循经分布的。     

方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种吸血活动的再次研究

利用Logistic回归和多元线性回归方法 ,研究性别、蚤龄和温度与方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种的吸血率、吸血量和消化速度的关系模型 ,结果如下。蚤龄对吸血率的影响最大 ,其次是性别与温度。低日龄蚤吸血率的性别差异比高日龄蚤显著 ,雄蚤吸血率的蚤龄差异显著大于雌蚤。性别对吸血量的影响大于蚤龄。低温抑制血液的消化。温度对消化速度的影响大于蚤龄。     

Passive hyperthermia reduces voluntary activation and isometric force production

It has been suggested that a critically high body core temperature may impair central neuromuscular activation and cause fatigue. We investigated the effects of passive hyperthermia on maximal isometric force production (MVC) and voluntary activation (VA) to determine the relative roles of skin (T_sk) and body core temperature (T_c) on these factors. Twenty-two males [O_2max=64.2 (8.9) ml kg^–1 min^–1, body fat=8.2 (3.9)%] were seated in a knee-extension myograph, then passively heated from 37.4 to 39.4°C rectal temperature (T_re) and then cooled back to 37.4^oC using a liquid conditioning garment. Voluntary strength and VA (interpolated twitch) were examined during an isometric 10-s MVC at 0.5°C intervals during both heating and cooling. Passive heating to a T_c of 39.4^oC reduced VA by 11 (11)% and MVC by 13 (18)% (P<0.05), but rapid skin cooling, with a concomitant reduction in cardiovascular strain [percentage heart rate reserve decreased from 64 (11)% to 29 (11)%] and psychophysical strain did not restore either of these measures to baseline. Only when cooling lowered T_c back to normal did VA and MVC return to baseline (P<0.05). We conclude that an elevated T_c reduces VA during isometric MVC, and neither T_sk nor cardiovascular or psychophysical strain modulates this response. Results are given as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.     

Influence of cold and hot conditions on postactivation in human skeletal muscles

The influence of cold (+5° C), room temperature (+22° C) and hot (+75° C) air exposures on postactivation effects (PAE) in brachial biceps (BBs) and triceps (TBs) muscles were investigated bilaterally in six male subjects. PAE were evoked by 1 min volitional isometric contraction (VIC) at submaximal level in BBs by holding an inertial weight by palms, with right-angled elbows. At room temperature, average EMG during PAE (PAE_av) usually was 2–4% and the integral of EMG (PAE_int) was 3–7% of that of VIC respectively. PEA duration was 1–6 min. Cold exposure evoked an approximately two-fold increase of PAE_int (P < 0.01). Hot exposure decreased PAE_int (P < 0.01) and shortened PAE duration by approximately 50% (P < 0.01). In two subjects, long- term modulation of EMG intensity during PAE was observed. Cold increased the frequency and amplitude of these waves, while heat decreased them. In two subjects, alternation of BBs and TBs in EMG activity during PAE was observed. The data obtained suggest that postactivation of muscles strongly depends on the environmental temperature. Received: 15 February 1995/Received after revision: 19 June 1995/Accepted: 13 September 1995