Mast cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are useful for allergen tests

Background

Several methods have been developed to detect allergen-specific IgE in sera. The passive IgE sensitization assay using human IgE receptor-expressing rat cell line RBL-2H3 is a powerful tool to detect biologically active allergen-specific IgE in serum samples. However, one disadvantage is that RBL-2H3 cells are vulnerable to high concentrations of human sera. Only a few human cultured cell lines are easily applicable to the passive IgE sensitization assay. However, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate human mast cells (MCs) has not yet been reported.

应用血液测定实验室诊断自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

目的探讨甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TG-Ab)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)的临床应用价值。方法采用化学发光免疫分析法定量检测153例自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者、74例非自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者和71例健康对照组血清中的TG-Ab、TPO-Ab、FT3、FT4。结果不同自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者之间和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者与非自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者及正常健康人群之间其TG-Ab、TPO-Ab、FT3、FT4水平差异有统计学意义。AITD组TG-Ab和TPO-Ab水平与非AITD组、健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),桥本甲状腺炎组TG-Ab和TPO-Ab水平与Graves病组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),桥本甲亢组和Graves病组FT3、FT4水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而TPO-Ab、TG-Ab差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 TG-Ab、TPO-Ab、FT3、FT4四项指标对AITD的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要临床意义。     

Platelet transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit:factors predicting which patients will require multiple transfusions

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that recombinant thrombopoietin (rTPO) will increase platelet production in thrombocytopenic neonates. However, the target populations of neonates most likely to benefit should be defined. Studies suggest that rTPO will not elevate the platelet count until 5 days after the start of treatment. Therefore, the neonates who might benefit from rTPO are those who will require multiple platelet transfusions for more than 5 days. This study was designed to find means of prospectively identifying these patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A historic cohort study of all patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the University of Florida who received platelet transfusions from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 1998, was conducted. RESULTS: Of the 1389 patients admitted to the NICU during the study period, 131 (9.4%) received platelet transfusions. Seventeen were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and were excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 114 patients, 55 (48%) received one transfusion and 59 (52%) received more than one transfusion (21 had >4). None of the demographic factors examined predicted multiple platelet transfusions. However, two clinical conditions did; liver disease and renal insufficiency. Neonates who received one platelet transfusion had a relative risk of death 10.4 times that in neonates who received none (p = 0.0001). Neonates who received >4 platelet transfusions had a risk of death 29.9 times that in those who received no transfusions (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: NICU patients with liver disease or renal insufficiency who receive one platelet transfusion are likely to receive additional transfusions. Therefore, these patients constitute a possible study population for a Phase I/II rTPO trial.     

Augmentation of NK Cell Proliferation and Anti-tumor Immunity by Transgenic Expression of Receptors for EPO or TPO

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CK19与TPO在鉴别甲状腺乳头状癌与甲状腺乳头状增生中的作用

目的探讨CK19与甲状腺过氧化物酶（TPO）蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌及结节性甲状腺肿伴乳头状增生鉴别诊断中的作用。方法用免疫组化EnVision法测定32例甲状腺乳头状癌及32例结节性甲状腺肿伴乳头状增生的CK19和TPO表达情况。结果32例甲状腺乳头状癌全部CK19（＋）,30例TPO（-）,2例弱（＋）;32例结节性甲状腺肿伴乳头状增生全部TPO（＋）,10例CK19（＋）,22例（-）。CK19和TPO在甲状腺乳头状癌及良性乳头状增生鉴别诊断中的评价指标：敏感度（Sen）分别为100%、93.75%;特异度（Spe）分别为68.75%、100%;准确度（Acc）分别为84.38%、96.88%;阳性预测值（＋PV）76.19%、100%;阴性预测值（-PV）分别为100%、94.12%;序列试验显示,联合测定敏感度为93.75%,特异度为100%。结论CK19和TPO蛋白可作为鉴别甲状腺乳头状癌与良性乳头状增生的重要参考标记物,联合测定效果更好。     

甲肿消对甲状腺细胞凋亡及过氧化物酶活性的影响

目的研究甲肿消对甲状腺细胞凋亡及甲状腺过氧化物酶（TPO）活性的影响。方法用甲状腺FRTL细胞,按甲肿消剂量不同分为：0（对照组）、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mg·mL^-1组。甲状腺细胞培养24 h后,Hoechst33258染色观察细胞凋亡形态;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡指数;改良愈创木酚法检测TPO活性。结果给药24 h后,荧光显微镜下可见凋亡小体及细胞核碎片。0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mg·mL^-1组细胞凋亡率（%）分别为：5.367±0.816、7.517±0.646、14.183±0.752、17.033±1.461、23.767±0.734,与药物呈剂量依赖性,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。各组TPO活性（单位：GU.mg-1蛋白×10^3）分别为：9.395±1.79、7.289±1.205、6.175±1.818、4.347±0.948、2.93±1.977,随着给药剂量的升高而降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论甲肿消可能通过诱导甲状腺细胞凋亡及抑制TPO酶活性来影响甲状腺功能。     

不同原因血小板减少症TPO检测及意义

目的研究不同原因血小板减少症患者血清血小板生成素（TP0）的变化及临床意义。方法对114例患者分为ITP组、血液肿瘤组、其他血液病和实体肿瘤组4个小组,应用双抗夹心ABC--ELISA法测定TP0,并进行星光分析。结果ITP组、血液肿瘤组、其他血液病和实体肿瘤组的血清TPO水平分别为129。54±78．84pg／ml、100．25±69．75pg／ml、175．58±107．29pg／ml和157．50±109．44pg／ml;对照组则为149．59±71．55pg／ml。血液肿瘤组TP0水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,其他血液病组则高于对照组（P〈0．05）。ITP组和实体肿瘤组则与对照组比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论不同原因血小板减少症患者血清TP0水平不相一致,可能与引起血小板减少的机制不同有关。检测血小板减少症患者血清TP0水平对鉴别诊断和临床治疗有指导意义。     

Developing vaccines to prevent malaria in pregnant women

Introduction: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a minor disease for many patients; however, the natural history is variable and unpredictable. Many patients who are in otherwise good health can be left untreated, especially if their platelet counts are close to 20 × 10⁹/l. The overall mortality rate for ITP is < 1%, and the morbidity and mortality associated with treatment can be worse than the disease.

Areas covered: ITP is not purely due to platelet destruction and in a significant proportion platelet production is sub-optimal; the review will cover the newer developments with the thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPOrAs) of which two agents, romiplostim and eltrombopag, are now licensed and these will be placed in context to conventional treatment.

Expert opinion: There is an increasing understanding of the natural history of ITP and an increasing evidence-based approach to the disease and its management. Treatment should be aimed at the patient with a bleeding risk and should minimise the risk of adverse effects while maximising the chances of response. Few, if any, treatments are curative and treatment strategies need to be designed in ITP that manage patients with what can be a life-long condition with periodic relapses.