单味中药抗痫作用的实验研究进展

文章总结了近年来国内外单味中药抗癫痫作用机理的实验研究结果,以期为临床医生的合理用药提供参考。     

弹性髓内钉与动力加压接骨板治疗儿童不稳定尺桡骨骨折疗效比较

目的：对采用弹性髓内钉及动力加压板治疗儿童不稳定尺桡骨折的操作情况、损伤情况、术后骨折愈合时间、住院费用、并发症及功能恢复等情况进行比较。方法：对我院骨科2004年1月至2007年12月间120例儿童尺桡骨骨折进行回顾性分析。采用闭合复位、弹性髓内钉固定（TEN组）32例,切开复位、动力加压接骨钢板内固定（DCP组）28例。分别对两组患者的一般资料,手术情况及术后并发症、功能恢复情况进行评估比较。结果平均手术时间TEN组38．4min,DCP组74．2min;术中出血量TEN组10mL,DCP组73．7mL;平均切口长度TEN组6．4cm,DCP组11．8cm。组间比较差异有统计学意义。所有病例均获随访,TEN组随访时间12—32个月（平均26．3个月）,DCP组随访时间13～34个月（平均27．8个月）。TEN组平均愈合时间为6．7周,DCP组为10．4周;TEN组并发症发生率为6％,DCP组为14．3％;已取出内固定的病例总的医疗费用比较,TEN组平均10290．9元,DCP组为12057．1元;组间比较差异有统计学意义。按照Anderson评分标准,弹性髓内钉组优良率平均为93．2％,DCP组为92．7％,两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论：应用弹性髓内钉与DCP治疗儿童不稳定尺桡骨骨折在术后功能方面无差异,但TEN较DCP损伤小,术后恢复快,并发症较少;住院时间短、总体费用低有利于减轻患方经济负担。     

Eye Care Use Among Rural Adults in China: The Handan Eye Study

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the use of eye care services in a rural population in North China and to analyze the factors associated with underuse of these services.

Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, demographic, health and vision-related information including use of eye care services were determined during a face-to-face interview. A single visit to an eye care provider qualified as “use” of eye care services.

Results: Of 6612 participants, 754 (11.4%, 95% confidence interval, CI, 8.7–14.1%) had used eye care services. The most common reason cited for not seeing an eye care provider was “no need” (n?=?5754). Of the 5754 who thought that there was no need to see an ophthalmologist, 3458 (60.1%) were found to have one or more type of eye disease, including glaucoma (56, 1.0%), cataract (1056, 18.4%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD; 164, 2.9%) and refractive error (3048, 53.0%). Also, 74 (1.3%) and 409 (7.1%) of the 5754 participants had visual impairment (<20/60) according to best-corrected visual acuity and presenting visual acuity, respectively. In a multiple regression model, participants who had glaucoma (adjusted odds ratio, OR, 4.0, 95% CI 3.0–5.4), AMD (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.3) or refractive error (adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8), were more likely to visit an eye care provider.

Conclusion: A high proportion of the Chinese rural population had never used eye care services although three fifths had eye diseases. Further efforts towards better education of the general population about common eye problems as well as increasing the number of ocular health providers would be necessary in future.     

辨证论治与变量颈椎牵引及手法联合西药治疗颈性眩晕随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察辨证论治与变量颈椎牵引及手法联合西药治疗颈性眩晕疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将60例门诊患者按抽签法分为两组。对照组30例①5%葡萄糖氯化钠注射250mL加脉络宁20mL静滴,1次/d;尼莫地平40mg,3次/d,口服。②枕颌带坐位变量牵引,牵引质量2～10kg,(按患者体位和自我感觉有所增减)先由轻至重牵引,逐渐增至患者最大耐受限度,10～14d牵引质量再由重减轻,至病程完成。牵引时间每次10～30min,以患者能耐受为限,1次/d,14d为1疗程。③手法点、按、揉风池、百会、天柱、合谷、内关、大椎、肩贞、肩井等穴位。治疗组30例辨证论治。①肝阳上亢型,方以天麻沟藤饮加减。②气血亏虚型,方以归脾汤加减。③痰浊中阻型,方以半夏白术天麻汤加减。④肾精不足型,方以偏阳虚用右归丸加减,偏肾阴虚用左归丸加减。西医、牵引、手法治疗同对照组。连续治疗14d为1疗程。观测临床症状、不良反应。连续治疗疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组临床治愈6例,显效14例,有效7例,无效3例,总有效率90.00%。对照组临床治愈2例,显效13例,有效7例,无效8例,总有效率73.33%。临床疗效治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]辨证论治、变量颈椎牵引及手法联合西药治疗颈性眩晕疗效满意,值得临床应用。     

Lower-Income Predicts Increased Smartphone Use and Problematic Behaviors Among Schoolchildren During COVID-19 Related School Modification: A Longitudinal Study

BackgroundAs the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued for a couple of years, the long-term effects of the pandemic and the subsequent school curriculum modification on the mental health of children and parents need to be investigated. To clarify the changes that can occur during one school year and to predict the risk factors for vulnerable groups, this study identified parameters relative to children’s screen time, their problematic behavior, and parental depression.MethodsA total of 186 participants were analyzed who were parents of elementary schoolchildren in South Korea. These parents were required to complete a web-based questionnaire twice. The questionnaires were conducted in June 2020 and September 2021. Participants’ general demographics including family income, children’s screen time, sleep patterns, problematic behavior, and parental depression were assessed via the parental questionnaire that included various measurement tools.ResultsChildren’s body mass index (BMI) increased significantly in 2021 (18.94 ± 3.75 vs. 18.14 ± 3.30, P < 0.001). Smartphone frequency of use per week (5.35 vs. 4.54, P < 0.001) and screen time per day (3.52 vs. 3.16, P < 0.001) significantly increased during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The television screen time (2.88 vs. 3.26, P < 0.001), frequency of viewing (3.77 vs. 4.77, P < 0.001), and children’s problematic behaviors significantly decreased (9.15 vs. 11.85, P < 0.001). A lower income household was a key predictor of increased smartphone frequency (B = 1.840, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.923–2.757, P < 0.001) and smartphone screen time (B = 1.992, 95% CI, 1.458–2.525, P < 0.001). The results showed that the lower income household (B = 5.624, 95% CI, 2.927–8.320, P < 0.001) and a child’s psychiatric treatment history (B = 7.579, 95% CI, 5.666–9.492, P < 0.001) was the most significant predictor of problematic behaviors of children and parental depression (B = 3.476, 95% CI, 1.628–5.325, P < 0.001; B = 3.138, 95% CI, 1.827–4.450, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study suggested that children’s smartphone screen time and BMI increased during COVID-19 because of the school curriculum modification following school closures in South Korea. The increased children’s problematic behaviors and parental depression were predicted by lower-income households and the previous psychiatric history of children. These results indicate that multiple social support systems to the vulnerable group are needed during the ongoing pandemic and that a modified school setting is required.     

卓青注射方法的比较研究

目的提高卓青注射液的一次性注射的成功率,减轻注射时的疼痛。减少局部硬结的发生。方法通过对106例患者的212次卓青注射,采用两种不同注射方法进行注射后的效果比较。结果改进的注射方法明显优于传统的常规注射,一次成功率达99．05％,且疼痛明显减轻,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论改进的注射方法有明显的减轻患者的痛苦,降低成本的优点,值得推广。     

澄清度检查法之仪器法的方法学研究

目的：建立澄清度检查法之仪器法。方法：参照《欧洲药典》溶液澄清度和浊度级别中的仪器法,采用三台国内外生产的浊度计进行方法学研究,对线性,稳定性和重复性进行考察,同时对有色溶液的澄清度检查是否适用于仪器法也进行考察。结果：散射光式浊度仪适用于对无色溶液进行浊度测定,线性、稳定性和重复性均符合要求;现有浊度计无法消除有色溶液中的颜色对浊度值测定的干扰。结论：现有散射光式浊度计适用于无色溶液的浊度值测定,对目视法无法有效判断的样品提供了补充检测方法。     

超声检查和病理测量甲状腺乳头状癌肿瘤大小的对比研究

目的　比较超声检查和病理测量甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC）肿瘤大小的差异,并分析其临床意义。方法　选取2012年6月～2014年6月杭州市第一人民医院收治的PTC 114例（共122枚癌灶）,所有癌灶大小先后通过术前超声检查和术后组织病理测量确定,采用Pearson相关分析、配对t 检验和Bland-Altman作图评价两种方法测量肿瘤大小的差异性和一致性。结果  Pearson相关显示两种方法测量的肿瘤最大径存在显著正相关（r =0.957,P =0.000）。配对t 检验显示肿瘤的超声最大径（8.24±5.06）mm与病理最大径（7.79±4.75）mm存在显著性差异。Bland-Altman分析显示,两种方法测量的肿瘤最大径的差值绝对值介于0～6.5 mm之间,平均（1.03±1.14）mm,差值的一致性界限（l imit s of agreement,LoA）为-2.41 mm～3.33 mm,LoA的95%置信区间为-2.87 mm～3.78 mm,LoA置信区间范围内差值的最大绝对值为2.9 mm。结论　超声检查和病理测量PTC的肿瘤大小存在显著差异,两者的一致性欠佳,临床实践中应引起重视。     

内镜下甲状腺切除术与常规甲状腺切除术比较的系统评价

目的评估内镜下甲状腺切除术与常规甲状腺切除术相比的有效性及安全性。方法检索国内外数据库中比较内镜下甲状腺切除术与常规甲状腺切除术的随机对照试验。完成数据提取和文献质量评价后,采用RevMan5.1软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果本评价纳入11个研究共1398例患者。内镜下甲状腺切除术的优点有美容评分高[SMD=4.23,95%CI(2.66,5.80),P<0.05]、伤口满意度高[RR=2.25,95%CI(1.89,2.70),P<0.05]。缺点是手术时间长[SMD=1.02,95%CI(0.44,1.59),P<0.05]、术后引流量多[SMD=0.89,95%CI(0.56,1.23),P<0.05]。两种手术方式的并发症、复发率均无差别。结论内镜下甲状腺切除术适用于对美容要求高的患者,同时需考虑其优缺点及费用。