柿蒂挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的:研究柿蒂的挥发油成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取柿蒂的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发性成分进行分析,用峰面积归一化法计算各成分的质量分数。结果:共分离出83个化学成分,鉴别出62个化学成分,占挥发油总量的86.704%,其主要成分为己醛(6.465%)、植酮(4.647%)、氧化芳樟醇(4.361%)、壬醛(3.879%)、α-松油醇(3.768%)、2-茨酮(3.519%)、芳樟醇(2.966%)、水菖蒲烯(2.930%)等。结论:GC-MS联用技术可快速、准确地鉴别柿蒂的挥发油成分,可为柿蒂的综合开发和利用提供基础数据。     

以蒸汽发生器替代蒸汽锅炉的可行性分析

文章简单介绍了蒸汽锅炉和蒸汽发生器的工作原理,分析了蒸汽锅炉存在的问题;结合上海交通大学附属第六人民医院的实际使用情况,对蒸汽锅炉和蒸汽发生器的费用支出进行了对比;详细介绍了与蒸汽锅炉相比蒸汽发生器的优势,最终得出了结论。     

Effect of chemical,microwave irradiation,steam autoclave,ultraviolet light radiation,ozone and electrolyzed oxidizing water disinfection on properties of impression materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

ObjectivesThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to identify the different disinfection methods and materials and the existing evidence on their effect on properties of the different impression materials.Material and methodsAn electronic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was performed to retrieve related English-language articles published between January 2000 and July 2019. Available studies with search terms such as: Impression disinfection, disinfection method, impression dimensional stability and impression wettability were used. The selected articles were reviewed by screening their titles and abstracts and full text. Finally, a total of 70 articles were considered relevant and were included in this study.ResultsExtensive studies were conducted to determine the effect of the different disinfection methods and materials on the properties of the different impression materials such as dimensional stability, wettability and surface roughness. While some studies reported significant changes in the properties of the impression materials, others reported either no changes or minor insignificant effects.ConclusionsSome studies reported significant changes in the properties of the impression materials as a result of using different disinfection methods, whereas others reported either minor insignificant or no changes. Although the findings of the studies were controversial, care should be taken to avoid distortion of impressions and loss of their surface details that can adversely affect the fitting accuracy of the restorations. Therefore, better designed and standardized studies are needed to evaluate the effect of different commonly used disinfectants on properties of impression materials. Moreover, manufacturers should be encouraged to recommend specific disinfection methods and materials for disinfecting the impression materials to ensure their optimal accuracy.     

Determination of alkylphenol residues in baby-food purees by steam distillation extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

This paper describes a simple and sensitive method for determining alkylphenols namely 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) and the isomers of 4-nonylphenol (4-NPs) present in various types of baby-food purees. The method involves extracting a sample with n-hexane for 1h using a modified Nielson-Kryger steam distillation extraction system and then identifying and quantitating the alkylphenols using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) operated in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The extraction conditions were evaluated at various values of pH of the sample solution. The limits of quantitation for this method were 0.2 ng/g from 1.0 g (wet weight) samples of 4-t-OP and the 4-NPs. The intra- and interbatch precisions and accuracies were also determined. The precision, in terms of the relative standard deviation (RSD), were less than 8%. Most of the recoveries of the alkylphenols from various spiked samples exceeded 60%, while the values of RSD ranged from 1% to 10%. Alkylphenol residues were detected in baby-food purees at concentrations of up to 19 ng/g (wet weight) for 4-t-OP and up to 21 ng/g (wet weight) for the 4-NPs.     

川芎挥发性成分的水蒸气蒸馏提取与顶空进样GC-MS分析

目的:分析比较不同提取方法制备的川芎中挥发性成分。方法:分别采用顶空进样法和水蒸气蒸馏法制备川芎挥发油,并对其进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。结果:两种方法制备的川芎挥发油的化学成分类型和相对含量有所差异,顶空进样法制备的挥发油含29个化学成分,其中烯萜类成分占挥发油总量76%,苯酞类成分占挥发油总量的16%。水蒸气蒸馏法制备的挥发油共鉴定出32个化合物,烯萜类占挥发油总量的4.50%,苯酞类占挥发油总量的88%。结论:两种提取方法,分别提供了不同沸点川芎挥发油的化学信息,运用这两种方法可建立更全面的川芎挥发性成分GC-MS信息。     

一种大鼠蒸气烫伤模型的建立

目的　建立一种可控深度及面积的大鼠烫伤模型。　方法　用高压蒸气消毒锅及自制烫伤支架制作高压蒸气烫伤装置 ,用压力为 0 .12MPa(1MPa=75 0 0mmHg)、直径 2 .6cm的致伤孔上分别在大鼠背部烫 3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10s,每时相点 5个创面。伤后 2 4h取标本行组织学观察 ,用Photoshop软件测量烫伤深度 ,并观察有无毛囊、汗腺附件受损、烫伤区被毛生长及创面愈合情况。　结果　烫伤深度与烫伤时间的变化呈正相关 (r =0.99)。浅Ⅱ、深Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烫伤模型的致伤时间分别为 3、5、7s。烫伤 7～ 10s创面深度虽逐渐加重 ,愈合时间却相近。　结论　该模型可以控制烫伤深度、面积 ,烧伤深度划分准确且操作简便 ,是研究创伤修复机制及评价创面用药的较好模型。     

Preliminary study of frontal lobe 1H MR spectroscopy in childhood-onset schizophrenia

Cerebral ¹H MR spectra were recorded in 13 children and adolescents with schizophrenia and 12 healthy children and adolescents. Stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence was used to localize an 8-ml voxel bilaterally in the frontal gray matter. The frontal gray matter metabolite ratios for NAA/Cr, Ch/Cr, Gix/Cr, and mI/Cr in schizophrenic children and adolescents were 1.08 ± .28, .64 ± .23, 1.09 ± .30, and .60 ± .24, respectively. In comparison, these ratios were 1.59 ± .35, .74 ± .27, 1.23 ± .36, and .58 ± .29 in healthy children and adolescents. Decrease in the frontal lobe NAA/Cr of schizophrenic children and adolescents was statistically significant (P < .001). In contrast, the MR spectra localized bilaterally in the occipital gray matter (8 ml) showed no significant changes between the patients and the controls. In the occipital gray matter, the metabolite ratios were 1.21 ± .26, .52 ± .08, 1.00 ± .11, and .55 ± .12 in patients versus 1.30 ± .23, .45 ± .10, 1.15 ± .20, and .48 ± .19 in controls. Our preliminary finding of reduced NAA/Cr ratio in the frontal gray matter is consistent with the neurodevelopmental models emphasizing dysfunction of frontal lobe areas in patients with schizophrenia.     

微机在白酒固态蒸馏上的应用

介绍了微机控制技术在白酒固态蒸馏上的应用，阐明了系统的硬件构成和软件设计。     

直通蒸汽法提取紫苏叶挥发油工艺优化及评价

目的 比较紫苏叶挥发油的直通蒸汽法与共水蒸馏法的效率.方法 以收油率及紫苏醛提取率的综合评分为指标,采用正交设计方法优化挥发油提取最佳工艺,采用毛细管气相色谱法建立紫苏叶挥发油指纹图谱,并将不同提取方法得到的挥发油进行比较.结果 直通蒸汽法的提取效率明显优于共水蒸馏法.确定直通蒸汽提取紫苏叶油最佳条件为将未粉碎药材直接加入直通蒸汽装置中,提取时间为3h,设置蒸汽压力为0.02 MPa.结论 直通蒸汽法优于共水蒸馏法.直通蒸汽法蒸馏时间短,收油率高,药渣可以直接焚烧或者填埋,环境污染小,无废水排放,且工艺稳定,可在生产中推广应用.     

关节洗方配合功能锻炼治疗创伤后膝关节功能障碍60例临床观察

目的:比较中药关节洗方配合功能锻炼治疗创伤后膝关节功能障碍的临床疗效。方法:选取符合要求的门诊病例,采取随机分组的方式,将选取的120例患者分为实验组和对照组,每组各60例。实验组采用关节洗方配合功能锻炼治疗,对照组仅进行膝关节功能锻炼。并从VAS评分、膝关节活动度及临床疗效三个方面对两组患者进行评价。结果:治疗前两组患者的膝关节活动度、VAS评分进行统计学比较,差异无显著统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后关节洗方配合功能锻炼组的膝关节活动度、临床疗效进行统计学比较,两者均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:关节洗方配合功能锻炼治疗创伤后膝关节功能障碍的临床疗效较传统治疗方式好,值得深入研究及临床推广使用。