不同方法萃取紫草中挥发油的比较

目的:采用超声强化亚临界水萃取紫草中挥发油,与超声辅助溶剂萃取、水蒸汽蒸馏法进行比较。方法:考察了挥发油萃取率、萃取物中组成成分、对DPPH自由基的清除能力和还原能力以及对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果。结果:超声强化亚临界水萃取、超声辅助溶剂萃取及水蒸汽蒸馏的挥发油萃取率分别为2.39%、1.93%和0.62%;3种方法得到的挥发油中都检测出6种主要成分,但水蒸汽蒸馏和超声辅助溶剂得到的挥发油还检测出更多的杂质。水蒸汽蒸馏萃取得到的挥发油还原能力及对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果最强,超声强化亚临界水萃取的活性最差。结论:超声强化亚临界水萃取挥发油萃取率最高,含杂质成分少,主要表现在还原能力和抑菌效果最差。     

南方荚蒾挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的研究南方荚蒾挥发油的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法及超临界CO2萃取法提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析其化学成分,用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。结果水蒸气蒸馏法挥发油中分离出77个色谱峰,鉴定其中40个化合物,占挥发油总量的90.07%,超临界CO2萃取法挥发油中分离出67个色谱峰,鉴定其中42个化合物,占挥发油总量的86.50%。结论两种提取方法所得挥发油的主要成分及其含量有较大差异。     

沙棘挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

目的：分析胡颓子科植物沙棘挥发油化学成分组成。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱－质谱法对其进行定性和定量分析。结果：共分离出60个化合物,并且确认了其中46个化合物。其中含量较多的有Z－7－十六酸（40．72％）,棕榈酸（38．79％）及肉豆蔻酸（3．12％）。结论：本研究为沙棘的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Determining the Capability of a Drug Product to Be Terminally Sterilized: A Case Study Involving a Heat-Sensitive,Oxygen-Sensitive Drug Product

ABSTRACT

A decision scheme for determining the capability of a finished product dosage form to be terminally sterilized was presented and followed for a heat-sensitive, oxygen-sensitive drug product (DP). Studies were conducted first in a laboratory steam sterilizer and then in a production unit. When a nonheat-sensitive steam sterilization cycle produced unfavorable loss of potency and increases in the amount of impurities, a new heat-sensitive steam sterilization cycle was investigated. An acceptable product was produced by reducing the headspace oxygen level and reducing the heat delivered to the product during terminal sterilization. The amount of sterilizing steam heat delivered to the product was reduced by reducing the allowable temperature range from set-point of the terminal steam sterilizer, and by developing a new heat-sensitive cycle. The heat-sensitive cycle, with a model based upon a known relationship of the biological indicator, product D value, and the environmental bioburden, can achieve a 10^?6 sterility assurance level when it delivers an F_o ≥ 4 min. When the standard terminal sterilization model and cycle produced unacceptable levels of degradation, formulation/ production changes, and terminal sterilization model and cycle modifications were explored, before the DP was directed to aseptic filling. Acceptable moist heat terminal sterilization the DP was then achieved.     

中药熏蒸治疗活动期类风湿关节炎临床疗效观察

目的观察中药熏蒸疗法治疗类风湿关节炎患者的疗效,对传统的中药熏蒸疗法治疗RA作出客观评价,进一步阐明中药熏蒸对RA的治疗机制。方法收集2009年2月至2011年3月在广州军区广州总医院中医科住院的RA患者60例,按照随机开放性原则将60例RA患者分为中药熏蒸组(熏蒸组)与非中药熏蒸组(非熏组),非熏组采用常规治疗,熏蒸组在常规治疗的基础上加中药熏蒸治疗。治疗1个疗程(20 d)之后,比较两组患者治疗前后和两组之间关节症状、体征、炎症指标[红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)]的变化情况。结果治疗20 d后两组疼痛VAS评分、关节肿胀度、压痛程度、关节疼痛数目、晨僵持续时间、关节屈伸度、局部温度、ESR、CRP均较治疗前有显著改善(P0.01,P0.05),熏蒸组在总有效率及达到ACR70改善的百分比上明显高于非熏组(P0.01)。熏蒸组在患者的关节压痛程度、关节疼痛数、晨僵持续时间和关节局部温度的改善明显优于非熏治疗组(P0.05),在关节肿胀度和关节屈伸度改善方面与非熏组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。疼痛VAS评分、ESR、CRP,熏蒸组下降明显(P0.05)。结论中药熏蒸疗法治疗类风湿关节炎临床疗效显著,具有明显的抗炎消肿及镇痛作用。     

重庆皱皮木瓜挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

目的:分析测定重庆产皱皮木瓜的挥发性成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取皱皮木瓜鲜果中的香气成分,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行香气成分的分离鉴定。结果:在重庆产皱皮木瓜鲜果中分离鉴定出芳香性成分106种,以酯类、醇类、羧酸类、烷烃和烯烃类、酮类化合物为主。结论:GC-MS分析法明确了重庆产皱皮木瓜鲜果的挥发性香气成分组成,为重庆产皱皮木瓜果实开发应用提供了基础数据。     

柿蒂挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的:研究柿蒂的挥发油成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取柿蒂的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发性成分进行分析,用峰面积归一化法计算各成分的质量分数。结果:共分离出83个化学成分,鉴别出62个化学成分,占挥发油总量的86.704%,其主要成分为己醛(6.465%)、植酮(4.647%)、氧化芳樟醇(4.361%)、壬醛(3.879%)、α-松油醇(3.768%)、2-茨酮(3.519%)、芳樟醇(2.966%)、水菖蒲烯(2.930%)等。结论:GC-MS联用技术可快速、准确地鉴别柿蒂的挥发油成分,可为柿蒂的综合开发和利用提供基础数据。     

以蒸汽发生器替代蒸汽锅炉的可行性分析

文章简单介绍了蒸汽锅炉和蒸汽发生器的工作原理,分析了蒸汽锅炉存在的问题;结合上海交通大学附属第六人民医院的实际使用情况,对蒸汽锅炉和蒸汽发生器的费用支出进行了对比;详细介绍了与蒸汽锅炉相比蒸汽发生器的优势,最终得出了结论。     

Effect of chemical,microwave irradiation,steam autoclave,ultraviolet light radiation,ozone and electrolyzed oxidizing water disinfection on properties of impression materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

ObjectivesThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to identify the different disinfection methods and materials and the existing evidence on their effect on properties of the different impression materials.Material and methodsAn electronic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was performed to retrieve related English-language articles published between January 2000 and July 2019. Available studies with search terms such as: Impression disinfection, disinfection method, impression dimensional stability and impression wettability were used. The selected articles were reviewed by screening their titles and abstracts and full text. Finally, a total of 70 articles were considered relevant and were included in this study.ResultsExtensive studies were conducted to determine the effect of the different disinfection methods and materials on the properties of the different impression materials such as dimensional stability, wettability and surface roughness. While some studies reported significant changes in the properties of the impression materials, others reported either no changes or minor insignificant effects.ConclusionsSome studies reported significant changes in the properties of the impression materials as a result of using different disinfection methods, whereas others reported either minor insignificant or no changes. Although the findings of the studies were controversial, care should be taken to avoid distortion of impressions and loss of their surface details that can adversely affect the fitting accuracy of the restorations. Therefore, better designed and standardized studies are needed to evaluate the effect of different commonly used disinfectants on properties of impression materials. Moreover, manufacturers should be encouraged to recommend specific disinfection methods and materials for disinfecting the impression materials to ensure their optimal accuracy.     

一种大鼠蒸气烫伤模型的建立

目的　建立一种可控深度及面积的大鼠烫伤模型。　方法　用高压蒸气消毒锅及自制烫伤支架制作高压蒸气烫伤装置 ,用压力为 0 .12MPa(1MPa=75 0 0mmHg)、直径 2 .6cm的致伤孔上分别在大鼠背部烫 3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10s,每时相点 5个创面。伤后 2 4h取标本行组织学观察 ,用Photoshop软件测量烫伤深度 ,并观察有无毛囊、汗腺附件受损、烫伤区被毛生长及创面愈合情况。　结果　烫伤深度与烫伤时间的变化呈正相关 (r =0.99)。浅Ⅱ、深Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烫伤模型的致伤时间分别为 3、5、7s。烫伤 7～ 10s创面深度虽逐渐加重 ,愈合时间却相近。　结论　该模型可以控制烫伤深度、面积 ,烧伤深度划分准确且操作简便 ,是研究创伤修复机制及评价创面用药的较好模型。