醪塔(丙酮-丁醇)的数学模型及操作型仿真系统的建立

本文以某厂工业醪塔(丙酮-丁醇)为对象,阐述了如何利用目前国内外先进的UNIFAC功能团法来建立精馏过程的静态数学模型,这种功能团法为缺乏实验数据的多元系统建模提供了可能性。针对醪塔模型变量多,非线性严重,不易收敛等情况,提出了一种改进的Newton-Raphson法,保证了算法的收敛性和快速性。根据工厂实际操作数据,对模型进行参数辩识和修正,结果表明模型与塔吻合良好。基于该模型,在IBM-4381机上建立了一个可用于工厂实际操作指导的仿真系统(DISSIMU-I)。并以节能节粮为目标函数,离线优化了操作条件,为工厂提高经济效益,提供了指导。最后,文章还提出了在线优化控制的初步设想。     

Degradative effects of conventional steam sterilization on biomaterial surfaces

Prior to implantation trials in animals, the effect of steam sterilization on the surface properties of metallic and coated biomaterials was studied Pure germanium plates and cast surgical Vitallium discs and subperiosteal implants were treated to present three standard types of biomaterials surfaces prior to steam sterilization, ranging from scrupulously clean, high-energy metals to uniformly low-energy organic layers. Both before and after sterilization, the sample surfaces were characterized by a variety of nondestructive physicochemical techniques. The results indicate that steam sterilization is likely to compromise the properties of otherwise carefully prepared biomedical implants by depositing hydrophobic organic and hygroscopic salt contaminants over the implant surfaces.     

Comparison of conventional mandatory ventilation and high frequency oscillatory ventilation for treatment of acute lung injury induced by steam inhalation injury

This study compared pathophysical indexes, respiratory mechanics, circulatory parameters and lung injury scores of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by steam inhalation injury in a New Zealand rabbit model with different ventilatory strategies: a control group which consisted of lower tidal volume (VT 6 ml/kg) and high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (9 cmH₂O); treatment group which was high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Eighteen rabbits were anaesthetized, sedated, neuromuscular-blocked and ventilated with above two modes at our animal laboratory of burn center. After induction of acute lung injury by steam inhalation, animals were randomizedly assigned to receive either conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) or high frequency oscillatory ventilation and were grouped as CMV and HFOV group. As a result, HFOV attenuated the decrease in oxygenation and pulmonary compliance, alleviated lung tissue damage and inflammatory response. Therefore, HFOV may be a preferable option for treatment of acute lung injury induced by steam inhalation injury.     

沙棘挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

目的:分析胡颓子科植物沙棘挥发油化学成分组成。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对其进行定性和定量分析。结果:共分离出60个峰,并且确认了其中46个化合物。其中含量较多的有Z-7-十六酸(40.72%),棕榈酸(38.79%)及肉豆蔻酸(3.12%)。结论:本研究为沙棘的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

超声雾化吸入联合全身化疗治疗耐多药肺结核

目的：探讨超声雾化吸入联合全身化疗治疗耐多药肺结核（MDR）的临床疗效;方法将87例耐多药肺结核患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,所有患者均采用3ADTVEZ/15DTVE抗结核治疗,治疗组病人前二个月加用异烟肼0.2及左氧氟沙星0.2超声雾化吸入,每天一次,然后比较两组在痰菌阴转率、病灶显效率、空洞闭合率等方面的差异;结果治疗2个月、18个月时两组患者的痰菌阴转率之间存在显著性差异（p〈0.05）;治疗结束时两组患者病灶显著吸收、吸收率之间亦有显著性临床差异（p〈0.05）,治疗结束时空洞闭合、缩小率之间同样有显著性差异（p〈0.05）;结论超声雾化吸入联合全身化疗治疗MDR可促使痰菌阴转、空洞净化、闭合,且没有明显毒副作用。该方法经济、方便、有效,易于各级各类医院开展。     

葱属植物挥发油研究——1 中药薤白(Allium macrostemon Bunge)挥发油成分的研究

首次用GC-MS-联用方法对薤白挥发油成分进行了分析,鉴定了21种化合物,其中19种为含硫化合物。主要成分为二甲基三硫,甲基丙基三硫,甲基丙基二硫和丙基异丙基二硫;并含有对血小板聚集有强烈抑制作用的甲基烯丙基三硫。     

窄谱中波紫外线联合中药熏蒸治疗寻常型银屑病的临床观察

目的 探讨窄谱中波紫外线（NB-UVB）联合中药熏蒸治疗寻常型银屑病的临床疗效.方法 120例寻常型银屑病患者完全随机分为治疗组及对照组各60例.2组均每日静脉滴注香丹注射液20 ml,复方甘草酸苷注射液40 ml各一次,同时口服阿维A胶囊30g/d.治疗组同时采用中药熏蒸,每次30 min,然后采用311 nm NB-UVB照射,剂量自0.5 J/cm2开始,每次递增0.1 J/cm2,最大维持剂量2.8～3.0 J/cm2.对照组不使用中药熏蒸,仅采用NB-UVB治疗,方法与治疗组相同.观察2组疗效.结果 治疗4周后,治疗组有效率95%（57/60）,对照组为80%（48/60）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗组治疗2及4周后皮疹面积和严重程度评分分别为（11.27±4.33）、（2.43±2.13）分,对照组分别为（13.69±6.42）、（7.56±6.66）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 NB-UVB联合中药熏蒸治疗寻常型银屑病疗效优于单独使用NB-UVB治疗.     

几种方法确定三九感冒灵中药提取浸膏醇沉液中乙醇含量的比较

目的对几种方法得到的醇沉液乙醇浓度进行比较。方法以三九感冒灵中药提取浸膏（60℃,相对密度1.2284）为研究对象,浸膏加不同比例量的乙醇进行醇沉,分别按照体积比、重量比计算醇沉液中乙醇的浓度,并用酒精计直接测定估算醇沉浓度,另用蒸馏法测定醇沉液中乙醇的浓度,比较其结果。结果 4种方法确定的醇沉液中乙醇浓度存在一定差异。结论如何选择合适的方法确定醇沉液中乙醇的浓度,值得我们做进一步的研究。     

广陈皮的超临界流体萃取和水蒸气蒸馏挥发油的比较分析

目的:比较两种不同提取方法所得的广陈皮挥发油的挥发性化学成分。方法:分别采用超临界CO2流体萃取(SFE)和水蒸气蒸馏(SD)的方法提取广陈皮的挥发油。运用气相色谱-质谱联用法分离和分析两挥发油的挥发性化学成分,主要成分棕榈酸和D-柠檬烯采用标准品的峰面积增大法进一步确认。结果:从广陈皮SFE和SD挥发油中共鉴定出22个成分,占色谱总流出峰面积的97%以上,两者的提取率分别为5.05%和0.46%。SFE挥发油的主要成分为挥发性较弱、相对分子量较大的棕榈酸,SD挥发油的主要成分为挥发性较强、相对分子量较小的D-柠檬烯。此外,SFE和SD挥发油中均有含量不低的2-甲胺基-苯甲酸甲酯。结论:采用两种方法提取广陈皮所得挥发油的挥发性成分不尽相同,且SFE法的提取率高于SD法;两种方法均能将广陈皮的特征性成分2-甲胺基-苯甲酸甲酯提取出来。