Normal metabolism of apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoproteins despite qualitative abnormalities in type 1 diabetic men

Aims/hypothesis Type 1 diabetic subjects are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and exhibit multiple qualitative abnormalities of apolipoprotein (apo) B100-containing lipoproteins. This stable isotope kinetic experiment was designed to study whether these abnormalities are associated with changes in the synthesis and fractional catabolic rates of VLDL-, IDL- and LDL-apoB100.Methods Using a bolus followed by a 16-h constant infusion of ¹³C-leucine, we performed a kinetic study in eight men with type 1 diabetes treated with a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion administered by an external pump and in seven healthy men, in the fed state.Results The mean HbA₁c level in the type 1 diabetic patients was 8.00±1.48%. Plasma triglyceride, and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were similar in patients and control subjects. VLDL were less triglyceride rich in type 1 diabetic patients than in control subjects (VLDL triglyceride : apoB 6.91±0.81 vs 8.29±1.24 mmol/g, p=0.05). Conversely, the IDL and LDL of the type 1 diabetic patients contained relatively higher levels of triglycerides (IDL triglycerides : apoB 2.16±0.36 vs 1.57±0.30 mmol/g, p<0.01; LDL triglycerides : apoB 0.27±0.06 vs 0.16±0.04 mmol/g, p<0.05). The apoB100 pool size, production and fractional catabolic rates in the two groups of subjects were similar for all lipoprotein fractions.Conclusions/interpretation Despite qualitative abnormalities, especially abnormalities of triglyceride content, the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoproteins is not altered in type 1 diabetic men with fair glycaemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The high risk of atherosclerosis in these patients cannot be explained by kinetic abnormalities of apoB100-containing lipoproteins.     

Changes of Lipid Profile and C-Reactive Protein after Withdrawal of Xuezhikang,an Extract of Cholestin,in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris

Lipid-lowering therapy using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) has been shown to assist in the prevention of cardiovascular events in many clinical trials[1-3]. Statins may also have an abundance of pleiotropic effects[4-7]. C-reactive protein (CRP),…     

美益康益心舒片治疗稳定性心绞痛的临床疗效及对动脉硬化程度的影响

目的分析研讨美益康益心舒片治疗稳定性心绞痛的临床疗效及对动脉硬化程度的影响。方法回顾分析某院2016年2月~2018年12月期间收治的70例稳定性心绞痛患者,按治疗方式分对照组(35例接受常规治疗)和研究组(35例接受常规治疗+美益康益心舒片治疗),比较两组患者治疗疗效、动脉硬化程度、症状改善情况等。结果研究组总疗效97.14%高于对照组77.14%(P<0.05)。治疗前组间baPWV、心绞痛发作频率、每次症状持续时间比较,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,研究组baPWV、心绞痛发作频率、每次症状持续时间低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论稳定性心绞痛患者在常规治疗基础上,再接受美益康益心舒片治疗,可显著改善动脉硬化程度、疾病症状等,疗效突出。     

Plasma α1-antitrypsin: A Neglected Predictor of Angiographic Severity in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris

Background:

As an acute phase protein, α1-antitrypsin (AAT) has been extensively studied in acute coronary syndrome, but it is unclear whether a relationship exists between AAT and stable angina pectoris (SAP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between AAT plasma levels and SAP.

Methods:

Overall, 103 SAP patients diagnosed by coronary angiography and clinical manifestations and 118 control subjects matched for age and gender were enrolled in this case-control study. Plasma levels of AAT, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid profiles and other clinical parameters were assayed for all participants. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated based on the Gensini score (GS) assessed by coronary angiography.

Results:

Positively correlated with the GS (r = 0.564, P < 0.001), the plasma AAT level in the SAP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (142.08 ± 19.61 mg/dl vs. 125.50 ± 19.67 mg/dl, P < 0.001). The plasma AAT level was an independent predictor for both SAP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.037, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.020–1.054, P < 0.001) and a high GS (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.051–1.124, P < 0.001) in a multivariate logistic regression model. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, plasma AAT level was found to have a larger area under the curve (AUC) for predicting a high GS (AUC = 0.858, 95% CI: 0.788–0.929, P < 0.001) than that of hsCRP (AUC = 0.665, 95% CI: 0.557–0.773, P = 0.006; Z = 2.9363, P < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off value of 137.85 mg/dl (sensitivity: 94.3%, specificity: 68.2%).

Conclusions:

Plasma AAT levels correlate with both the presence and severity of coronary stenosis in patients with SAP, suggesting that it could be a potential predictive marker of severe stenosis in SAP patients.     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的抗生素治疗进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种呼吸系统常见的慢性疾病,炎症反应在其发生、发展过程中是导致一系列病理生理改变的重要机制.根据病程可分为稳定期和急性加重期,目前的研究表明对于易出现急性加重的患者,一年内长期使用阿奇霉素或红霉素可减少急性加重风险(A级证据),至于长期使用抗生素的安全性和有效性仍待更多的研究.现针对稳定期COPD的抗生素治疗作一综述,探讨不同给药方式及抗生素种类对COPD患者的益处、不良反应以及耐药性的影响,旨在为临床工作提供参考.     

外周血CD14~+CD16~+细胞与稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉硬化病变程度的相关性研究

目的:单核细胞在整个动脉硬化进程中至关重要,根据细胞表面CD14和CD16的差异表达,单核细胞可分为CD14+CD16-和CD14+CD16+两种亚群,本研究目的是探讨外周血单核细胞亚群与稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉硬化病变程度的相关性。方法:入选97例进行冠状动脉造影的稳定型心绞痛患者,根据造影结果分为无冠心病组(non-coronary artery disease,non-CAD)、单支病变组(single-vessel disease,SVD)及多支病变组(multiple-vessel disease,MVD),并对病变的严重程度进行Gensini评分。通过流式细胞术测定外周血两种单核细胞亚群数量。结果:外周血单核细胞CD14+CD16+亚群在MVD组的比例高于SVD组和non-CAD组(MVD:15.2±4.6;SVD:12.5±3.7,P0.001;non-CAD:7.5±2.5,P0.001),且与Gensini评分的相关性分析显示,CD14+CD16+亚群与冠状动脉病变严重程度呈正相关。结论:外周血CD14+CD16+细胞与稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉硬化病变程度相关。     

散结通脉方治疗稳定性心绞痛的临床研究

目的探讨“瘀能化水”学术思想指导的散结通脉方对稳定性心绞痛痰瘀互结证的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2018年7月—2019年4月期间的稳定性心绞痛患者72例,将符合条件的稳定性心绞痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各36例,对照组采用西药标准化治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加服具有清化痰浊、化瘀利水作用的散结通脉方,治疗4周,观察两组患者治疗前后心绞痛疗效,中医证候疗效及血脂四项(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)情况。结果治疗后在心绞痛疗效方面,治疗组总有效率94.12%,对照组84.85%,治疗组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在中医证候疗效方面,治疗组总有效率97.06%,对照组66.67%,治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在改善TC、TG、LDL-C、Hs-CRP等指标方面,治疗组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且未见不良反应。结论“瘀能化水”学术思想指导的散结通脉方对稳定性心绞痛痰瘀互结证具有较好的临床疗效及安全性。     

超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光治疗稳定期白癜风的临床效果

目的 探究超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光治疗稳定期白癜风的临床效果。方法 以我院2019年1月-2020年10月收治的80例稳定期白癜风患者为研究对象,通过简单随机化法分为对照组（n=40）和试验组（n=40）,对照组采用常规药物治疗,试验组则在对照组基础实施超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光治疗,比较两组治疗效果、生活质量评分、炎性因子水平及不良反应发生情况。结果 试验组的总有效率为90.00%,高于对照组的70.00%（P＜0.05）;两组治疗后生活质量评分均高于治疗前,且试验组生活质量评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组炎性因子水平均低于治疗前,且试验组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 与常规药物治疗相比,超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光治疗效果更佳,可有效改善患者生活质量,降低炎性因子水平,且不会增加不良反应,是一种安全、有效的治疗方案。     

参松养心胶囊联合硝酸甘油治疗稳定型心绞痛的临床观察

目的:观察参松养心胶囊联合硝酸甘油治疗稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将128例稳定型心绞痛患者随机均分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均给予血小板抑制剂、转化酶抑制剂、调脂药、β受体阻滞药和/或钙拮抗药等常规治疗。在此基础上,对照组患者给予硝酸甘油注射液10 mg加入5%葡萄糖溶液250 ml中,以10²0μg/min速度静脉滴注420μg/min速度静脉滴注4⁶ h,每日1次;观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予参松养心胶囊4粒,口服,每日3次。两组患者疗程均为2周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后心绞痛发作次数、运动诱发心绞痛时间、ST段下降1 mm所需时间、运动持续时间、心率×收缩压、血液流变学指标、血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)]及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后观察组患者总有效率显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者心绞痛发作次数,运动诱发心绞痛时间,ST段下降1 mm所需时间,运动持续时间、心率×收缩压、血液流变学指标、血脂指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者心绞痛发作次数、心率×收缩压、血液流变学指标、TG、TC、LDL均显著低于同组治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,而运动诱发心绞痛时间、ST段下降1 mm所需时间、运动持续时间、HDL均显著高于同组治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均未见严重不良反应发生。结论:参松养心胶囊联合硝酸甘油治疗稳定型心绞痛较单用硝酸甘油疗效更显著,安全性相似。     

Stable Acetaldehyde Adducts: Structural Characterization of Acetaldehyde Adducts of Human Hemoglobin N-Terminal β-Globin Chain Peptides

Acetaldehyde is the first oxidation product of ethanol in vivo. Our earlier work showed that with sufficient acetaldehyde, five of the six possible sites of the peptide pentalysine were moddied as a Schiff base (Braun KP, et al: J Biol Chem 270:11263–11266, 1995). However, we were unable to deduce unequivocally which site was unmodified. Lysine residues, as well as the amine terminal valine residues, in hemoglobin have been implicated as target structures for acetaldehyde adducts resulting from ethanol consumption. Hemoglobin adducts of acetaldehyde have been used clinically as a marker of ethanol consumption, but the chemical nature of these adducts remains undefined. As part of our continuing structural characterization of acetaldehyde-protein adduct formation, we studied the peptides Val-His-Leu-Thr-Pro and Val-His-Leu-Thr-Pro-Val-Glu-Lys, from the amine terminus of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, in vitro. Both peptides have at least one potential site for adduct formation. In the octapeptide, the N-terminal amine group of Val as well as the e-amine group of the lysine sidechain can potentially be modified by acetaldehyde. We used mass spectrometry, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and Raman spectroscopy and characterized stable Schiff base acetaldehyde adducts of these two peptides at both reactive sites. The identification of stable Schiff base adducts with the N-terminal peptides of the β-chain of hemoglobin as well as with β-amino groups of lysine provides another possible means of monitoring ethanol consumption. The functional implications of these stable Schfl bases remains undefined.