薏苡仁及其麸炒品对动物胃肠动力的影响

目的:通过动物实验观察薏苡仁及其麸炒品对正常动物,脾虚模型动物胃肠动力的影响和比较,以探讨该药对胃肠动力的作用机制,验证其炮制工艺的原理和意义。方法:采用正常动物、脾虚模型动物,研究和比较薏苡仁生制品对其胃排空、小肠推进率、腹泻指数、脾虚指数和胃肠激素MTL、GAS、SS、VIP的影响。结果:薏苡仁生制品能够提高并促进正常及脾虚小鼠胃肠动力,改善脾虚大鼠胃肠激素紊乱异常水平,且制品作用强于生品。结论:验证了炮制理论中提出的薏苡仁麸炒品更善于健脾止泻的药效作用。     

益气开秘方联合生物反馈治疗脾气虚弱型便秘的临床观察

目的:观察益气开秘方联合生物反馈治疗脾气虚弱型便秘的临床疗效。方法:对照组30例口服益气开秘方治疗,配合提肛锻炼;治疗组30例在与对照组治疗相同的基础上用生物反馈治疗,观察治疗前后患者的中医症状积分、肛门直肠压力变化,并评价疗效。结果:2组治疗前后的中医症状积分、肛门直肠压力变化及临床治愈率比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组总有效率86.66%,对照组分别为50%,2组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:益气开秘方联合生物反馈治疗脾气虚弱型便秘具有较好的临床疗效,适宜功能性便秘脾气虚弱型患者。     

基于中医传承辅助平台分析脾胃不和证的处方用药规律

目的:分析《中医方剂大辞典》中收录的治疗脾胃不和证的处方用药规律。方法:收集《中医方剂大辞典》中治疗脾胃不和证的方剂,统一和规范药物名称,筛选方剂,录入"中医传承辅助平台"软件(V2.5),采用软件集成的改进互信息法、复杂系统熵聚类、无监督的熵层次聚类等无监督数据挖掘方法,分析脾胃不和证的处方用药的规律。结果:筛选出的186首方剂,涉及175味药物,使用频次10的药物40味,以性温、味辛、归脾经类药物最多;支持度个数设置为37(20%),得到常用药对及组合21个;熵层次聚类方法,得到用于新方聚类的核心组合34个,聚合成潜在新方17个;含有甘草的方剂共计124首,涉及药物127味,支持度个数设置为74(60%),得到常用药对及核心组合18个。结论:脾胃不和证用药多为补气药、理气药、温中药、化湿药,以性温、味辛、归脾经的药物为主;异功散可作为治疗脾胃不和证的基础方;益气健脾,理气和胃、燥湿化痰、温中散寒为脾胃不和证的核心治法。     

高剂量CT辐射致家兔脾组织病理变化的初步实验研究

目的初步探讨CT腹部模式常规和非常规扫描次数、高曝光剂量扫描对家兔急性脾组织病理变化的影响。方法将46只大白兔随机分成3组：（1）高曝光剂量CT扫描组36只。采用约为常规剂量2倍的腹部CT扫描模式,对大白兔进行全身扫描,再将其分两大亚组,每组18只。①腹部模式一次性扫描组（一次性扫描组）：CT扫描层厚为2.5mm分别连续扫描3、6、9、12、15和18次,48h后剖杀;②腹部模式重复扫描组（重复扫描组）：CT扫描层厚以5mm分别连续扫描2、4、6、8、10和12次,24h后重复上述扫描,24h后剖杀。（2）常规CT扫描组：5只,采用常规次数和曝光剂量对大白兔进行全身扫描,48h后剖杀。（3）健康对照组：5只。所有实验动物取脾组织作病理分析。结果光镜病理结果：①一次性扫描组：连续扫描6次时出现红髓髓窦略扩张、淤血;连续9-18次扫描后,脾脏出现红髓髓窦扩张、淤血,可见网状组织细胞增生和吞噬含铁血黄素。②重复扫描组：共8次扫描时出现红髓髓窦轻度扩张、淤血,散在中性粒细胞浸润;16-24次扫描后,脾脏出现红髓髓窦扩张、淤血,散在中性粒细胞浸润,间或有组织细胞增生。结论常规脾脏CT扫描是非常安全的;在非常规扫描次数和高曝光剂量下,CT辐射可能会引起家兔急性脾组织的异常病理变化。     

探讨创新管理理念下医院管理的方法与实践

目的分析创新管理理念下医院管理的方法与实践工作。方法对创新管理理念组和常规管理组进行回顾性分析,比较两组的医疗服务效果。结果创新管理理念组在医疗质量、医技水平、服务水平、就医环境、医风医德的总体评分以及医护人员满意度上均优于常规管理组。结论切合医院实际创新的内部管理理念,能够提升医院的服务质量,提高医院的竞争力。     

A case of endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with macrophages phagocytosing monoclonal immunoglobulin lambda light chain

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma‐cell neoplasm that can cause renal disorders. Renal lesions in MM can present with a very rare pathological manifestation involving a specific monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig). We report the case of a 33‐year‐old woman who had edema, fatigue, elevated serum creatinine levels, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia. She had persistent hematuria and proteinuria lasting 3 years. Serum protein electrophoresis showed an M‐spike, and serum immunofixation demonstrated the presence of monoclonal IgG λ. She had proteinuria in the nephrotic range, and a monoclonal λ fragment was present on urine immunofixation. Renal biopsy showed proliferative glomerulonephritis with λ light chain and C3c deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration with CD68. Macrophage lysosomes contained λ light chains, suggesting their partial phagocytosis. She was diagnosed with symptomatic MM and was treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone and an autologous peripheral stem cell transplant conditioned with intravenous melphalan. She achieved a partial response with decreased serum monoclonal protein and improved renal function. This case may be categorized as a monoclonal gammopathy‐associated proliferative glomerulonephritis. The biopsy finding of partially phagocytosed Ig λ light chains by macrophages is very rare; this pathological condition is similar to crystal‐storing histiocytosis.     

Influence of the spleen on the blood distribution of the leukocytes producing colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in man

Summary The colony-stimulating activity (CSA) produced by the blood leukocytes has been studied before and after epinephrine administration in ten normal, 15 splenomegalic, and seven splenectomized subjects through a double layer agar culture system.A significant increase of mean values of the CSA per milliliter produced by blood monocytes has been observed after epinephrine administration in the groups of normal and of splenomegalic subjects. In the group of splenectomized subjects the baseline mean value of CSA per milliliter of blood was higher than those observed in the other groups, but it did not show any increase after epinephrine infusion.The CSA produced by 10⁶ blood leukocytes was similar in all three groups of subjects, and it was not similarly modified by epinephrine administration.Our results seem to indicate that the leukocytes producing CSA are distributed within two rapidly exchangeable blood compartments, the spleen representing an important section of the marginal compartment of blood monocytes.Supported by a grant of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) no. 79.03277.04-Pos. 115.2235.     

Liver steatosis assessment: Correlations among pathology,radiology, clinical data and automated image analysis software

Quantitating hepatic steatosis is important in many liver diseases and liver transplantation. Since steatosis estimation by pathologists has inherent intra- and inter-observer variability, we compared and contrasted computerized techniques with magnetic resonance imaging measurements, pathologist visual scoring, and clinical parameters. Computerized methods applied to whole slide images included a commercial positive pixel count algorithm and a custom algorithm programmed at our institution. For all liver samples (n = 59), including pediatric, adult, frozen section, and permanent specimens, statistically significant correlations were observed between pathology, radiology, and each image analysis modality (r = 0.75–0.97, p < 0.0001), with the strongest correlations in the pediatric cohort. Statistically significant relationships were observed between each method and with body mass index (r = 0.37–0.56, p from <0.0001 to <0.05) and with albumin (r = 0.55–0.64, p < 0.05) but not with alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase. Although pathologist assessments correlated (r = 0.64–0.86, 0.92–0.97, and 0.78–0.91 for microvesicular, macrovesicular, and overall steatosis, respectively), the absolute values of hepatic steatosis visual assessment were susceptible to intra- and inter-observer variability, particularly for microvesicular steatosis. Image analysis, pathologist assessments, radiology measurements, and several clinical parameters all showed correlations in this study, providing evidence for the utility of each method in different clinical and research settings.     

Outcomes after cardiac arrest in an adult burn center

Objective

Adult burn patients who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) and undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) represent a unique patient population. We believe that they tend to be younger and have the added burden of the burn injury compared to other populations. Our objective was to determine the incidence, causes and outcomes following cardiac arrest (CA) and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within this population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (ISR) burn intensive care unit (BICU). Charts from 1st January 2000 through 31st August 2009 were reviewed for study. Data were collected all on adult burn patients who experienced in-hospital CA and CPR either in the BICU or associated burn operating room. Patients undergoing CPR elsewhere in our burn unit were excluded because we could not validate the time of CA since they are not routinely monitored with real-time rhythm strips. The study population included civilian burn patients from the local catchment area and burn casualties from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, but patients with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were excluded.

Results

We found 57 burn patients who had in-hospital CA and CPR yielding an incidence of one or more in-hospital CA of 34 per 1000 admissions (0.34%). Fourteen of these patients (25%) survived to discharge while 43 (75%) died. The most common initial cardiac rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (50.9%). The most common etiology of CA among burn patients was respiratory failure (49.1%). The most significant variable affecting survival to discharge was duration of CPR (P < 0.01) with no patient surviving more than 7 min of CPR.

Conclusions

CPR in burn patients is sometimes effective, and those patients who survive are likely to have good neurological outcomes. However, prolonged CPR times are unlikely to result in return of spontaneous circulation and may be considered futile. Further, those who experience multiple CA are unlikely to survive to discharge.