西洋参虫草口服液补虚强壮作用和毒性研究

西洋参虫草口服液是根据中医扶正培本治则研制的营养保健剂。本文对其补虚强壮作用和毒性进行了研究,结果表明,本制剂能增强机体免疫功能提高机体应激能力,并且有一定的雌激素样作用和同化激素作用,与对照组比较,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。通过各种毒性试验证实,以成人一日用量的125倍给小鼠服用,本品未发现异常:腹腔注射测得LD_(50)为3030mg/kg;长期毒性试验检测血常规、肝、肾功能,重要脏器组织切片检查均未见明显改变,该药毒性低,可作为一种强壮滋补剂应用于临床。     

Women’s recovery,negotiation of appearance,and social reintegration following a burn

The gendered nature of postburn coping has received scant research attention in South Africa, a country that has a high rate of burns with significant concentrations among women. In this study, narratives that emerged from in-depth interviews with seven women were examined. The narratives emphasized essential needs of these burn survivors for personal support, the complexities of negotiating intimate relationships, struggles with the humiliation from family and friends, in some instances strained relationships with children, the support found through religious beliefs and institutions, and often frustratingly slow psychological acceptance of scars. These difficulties faced by women survivors of burns have highlighted the need to include religion/spirituality, intimate male partners, and women’s children into the psychological recovery process, in an attempt to assist women’s journey to psychological and emotional healing after burn.     

Preventing Breast Cancer Through Identification and Pharmacologic Management of High-Risk Patients

Breast cancer remains the most common cancer in women in the United States. For certain women at high risk for breast cancer, endocrine therapy (ET) can greatly decrease the risk. Tools such as the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (or Gail Model) and the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study risk calculator are available to help identify women at increased risk for breast cancer. Physician awareness of family history, reproductive and lifestyle factors, dense breast tissue, and history of benign proliferative breast disease are important when identifying high-risk women. The updated US Preventive Services Task Force and American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines encourage primary care providers to identify at-risk women and offer risk-reducing medications. Among the various ETs, which include tamoxifen, raloxifene, anastrozole, and exemestane, tamoxifen is the only one available for premenopausal women aged 35 years and older. A shared decision-making process should be used to increase the usage of ET and must be individualized. This individualized approach must account for each woman’s medical history and weigh the benefits and risks of ET in combination with the personal values of the patient.