贵州产菝葜类8种药用植物中薯蓣皂苷元的分析

目的 采用TLC、RP-HPLC法分析贵州产菝葜属及肖菝葜属8种常用药用植物中的指标性成分薯蓣皂苷元.方法 TLC法采用硅胶G板,以环己烷-乙酸乙酯(4:1)为展开剂.RP-HPLC的色谱条件为依利特Hypersil ODS2色谱柱(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸(76:24),流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长203 nm,柱温30℃,薯蓣皂苷元理论板数不低于4×10~3.结果 薄层鉴别中仅有短梗菝葜、黑叶菝葜及小叶菝葜含有薯蓣皂苷元.薯蓣皂苷元0.0105～2.105 μg与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率为100.4%(RSD=1.85%,n=9).黑叶菝葜的薯蓣皂苷元含量最高,为0.15%,土茯苓、柔毛菝葜、托柄菝葜、短柱肖菝葜中均未检测到薯蓣皂苷元.结论 所用TLC法及RP-HPLC法简单易行、专属性强、准确度高、重复性好,可作为菝葜类药材内在质量的控制方法.     

Antioxidant Activity in the Extracts of Two Edible Aroids

Two neglected species of Araceae, Alocasia macrorhiza (Linn.) G. Don and Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott are important as food and ethno medicine in Asia and Africa. Their bioefficacy is documented in the Ayurveda. The solvent extracts of different edible parts of these two species like rhizomes, leaves, roots and stolons were screened for in vitro antioxidant properties using standard procedures. The successive extracts in hexane, benzene, toluene, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water fraction exhibited IC₅₀ values in the following order, roots>rhizome>leaves for Alocasia macrorhiza and leaves>stolon for Alocasia fornicate, respectively in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl antioxidant inhibition assay. Maximum antioxidant activity was observed in diethyl ether extracts for both species. The IC₅₀ values were comparable with those of quercetine and ascorbic acid as standards. These results suggest that the two aroid species have antioxidant activity in their edible parts and should be extracted using diethyl ether solvent.     

Two new triterpenoid saponins from Sarcandra glabra

Two new triterpenoid saponins, named sarcandroside A and B, have been isolated from Sarcandra glabra (Thunb) Nakai. Their structures have been established as 3β,19α,20β-trihydroxyurs-11,13 (18)-diene-28,20β-lactone-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)]-β-d-xylopyranoside (1) and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)]-β-d-xylopyranosyl-pomolic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (2) by means of spectral and chemical methods.     

Bioactive constituents of oleanane-type triterpene saponins from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra

Three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, namely licorice-saponin M3 (1), licorice-saponin N4 (2), and licorice-saponin O4 (3), an artificial product (4), as well as five known triterpene glucuronides (5–9), were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Their structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and by comparison with spectroscopic data reported in the literature. The inhibitory effects of the selected compounds on neuraminidase were evaluated, and the preliminary structure–activity relationship was also predicted.     

不同居群草珊瑚的ITS序列分析及模式识别研究

目的 通过分析不同居群草珊瑚Sarcandra glabra和金粟兰属5种近缘植物的核糖体基因内部转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列,为草珊瑚鉴定和品种鉴别提供模式识别与思路。方法 采集不同产地的草珊瑚18份、金粟兰6份,所有样品提取总DNA,并对其ITS片段进行扩增、测序,并搜索GenBank数据库中收录的其他4种金粟兰属植物的ITS序列,运用ClustalX 2.1软件比较不同产地草珊瑚与其他金粟兰属植物的ITS序列差异,并对其进行聚类分析。结果 草珊瑚样品不同居群间的ITS序列相似度达99%,其中位点总突变率ITS1(2.7%)>ITS2(1.4%),而与金粟兰属其他植物相比,位点总突变率ITS2(20.3%~22.7%)>ITS1(15.9%~18.3%)。聚类分析表明18个不同种群的草珊瑚居群间变异极小,且与金粟兰属5种近缘植物具有显著差异的聚类识别。结论 草珊瑚ITS1与ITS2分别为不同居群间及与不同属近缘植物间比较有效的鉴别序列,具有较多个特异性信息位点的草珊瑚ITS序列用于鉴别金粟兰属5种近缘植物,具显著差异的聚类识别,是草珊瑚和金粟兰属近缘植物鉴定和品种鉴别的有效分子标记。     

福建产白花蛇舌草活性成分提取与含量测定

目的 研究福建产白花蛇舌革多糖和总黄酮的提取与含量测定。方法 采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,采用亚硝酸钠-三氯化铝法测定总黄酮含量。结果 测得多糖含量为9．26％．总黄酮含量为10．33％。结论 与其它产地白花蛇舌草比较,福建产白花蛇舌草多糖和总黄酮的含量较高．适用于工业化制备。     

圆锥菝葜的化学成分研究

目的研究圆锥菝葜（Smilax bracteata）的化学成分。方法利用60%乙醇回流提取,大孔吸附树脂和硅胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物的光谱数据鉴定结构。结果从圆锥菝葜中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为光叶菝葜苷（Ⅰ）、白藜芦醇（Ⅱ）、落新妇苷（Ⅲ）、新异落新妇苷（Ⅳ）、儿茶素（Ⅴ）。结论化合物Ⅰ~Ⅴ为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

Anticancer Effect of Plectranthus Amboinicus and Glycyrrhiza Glabra on Oral Cancer Cell Line: An Invitro Experimental Study

Background and Objective: Oral cancer is a commonly encountered type of cancer with multifactorial etiology. The number of oral cancer cases are increasing in the recent past. Advancements in cancer therapy are continuously evolving. In spite of that, the survival rate is very low along with adverse effects associated with each treatment modality. This poses a need for a constant search for newer or alternative treatment options. Herbal medicines or plant-based medicines are derived from plant sources. Evidence supports that incorporating herbal medicines in cancer therapy offers many advantages. Hence, exploring plant species for anticarcinogenic properties can potentially benefit cancer therapy. Studies show that the two medicinal herbs Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage, Karpooravalli) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice, Athimathuram) have shown excellent anticancer activity on various cancers. The present study aimed to evaluate and assess the anticancer property of two medicinal plants Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage, Karpooravalli) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice, Athimathuram) on oral cancer (KB) cell line. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extracts of leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus and roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra were prepared. The oral cancer (KB) cell line was procured and cultured. Cell viability (MTT) assay was performed using various concentrations of both the plant extracts on oral cancer cells. The percentage of cell viability for each concentration was calculated and the IC50 value was derived for the two plant extracts. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in the percentage of viable cells with increasing concentration of the extracts. The IC50 values of Plectranthus amboinicus and Glycyrrhiza glabra were 53.0 µg/ml and 43.6 µg/ml respectively. On comparing the anticancer effect of the two extracts, Glycyrrhiza glabra was more cytotoxic than Plectranthus amboinicus on oral cancer (KB) cells. Conclusion: The two medicinal plants Plectranthus amboinicus and Glycyrrhiza glabra exhibited potent anticancer activity against oral cancer (KB) cells.     

Study of Immune Response and Malondialdehyde Levels in Irradiated Rats Supplemented with Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb Extract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the immune response and malondialdehyde levels in irradiated rats supplemented with Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb extract as a candidate for mitigating radiation exposure. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were grouped into eight treatment groups, then Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb extract was administered orally and irradiated at 6 Gy. Measurement of rats IL-6 and INF-γ was performed using a sandwich ELISA Kit, while the MDA concentration was quantified according to the method of Wills (1971). The statistical test is determined by one way ANOVA test. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The concentration of IL-6 in all groups showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.18). There was an increase in the concentration of IL-6 in the group of rats irradiated with 6 Gy for 7 days and 14 days. Meanwhile, the INF-γ concentration also showed no significant results in all treatment groups (P=0.28). The average of MDA concentration showed a significant difference in the liver and spleen of irradiated rats at 6 Gy for 14 days compared to the control (0.044 nmol/mg vs 0.008 nmol/mg, P=0.03 and 0.032 nmol/mg vs 0.014 nmol/mg, P=0.05, respectively). Conclusion: The administration of Curcuma xanthorriza Xorb extract was able to reduce MDA concentrations in the liver and spleen although not statistically significant. In addition, exposure to ionizing radiation at a dose of 6 Gy significantly increased lipid peroxidation in the liver and spleen by 5.5 times and 2.3 times, respectively.     

赤土茯苓苷对实验性胃溃疡的保护作用

观察赤土茯苓苷（Ｓｍｉ）对动物性胃冲疡的作用。以昆明种小鼠和Ｗｉｓｇａｒ大鼠为实验材料,通过３种胃溃疡动物模型判断药效。结果：Ｓｍｉ对小鼠利血平型、应激型及大鼠幽门结扎型溃疡均有保护作用,Ｓｍｉ各组,溃疡指数、出血九均明显小于生理盐水组（Ｓｍｉ１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｓｍｉ ３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｐ〈０．０１）,提高应激型小鼠胃粘膜Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力（Ｐ〈０．０５）,降低ＭＤＡ含量