缬草挥发油与水提物镇静催眠作用比较研究

目的：了解缬草镇静催眠的主要药效物质,为深入研究其有效成分提供物质基础。方法：通过缬草挥发油急性毒性实验,了解挥发油毒性的大小,确定药效实验剂量。采用镇静催眠的药效学实验,比较缬草挥发油与水提物协同戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠作用。结果：小鼠灌胃缬草挥发油的LD50为278．99g·kg^-1（以生药计）,从而确定药效试验的给药剂量为高剂量组（85．71g·kg^-1）、中剂量组（57．14g·kg^-1）和低剂量组（28．57g·kg^-1）;缬草镇静催眠药效学实验表明,缬草挥发油可促进小鼠入睡效率,延长小鼠睡眠时间;水提物仅可延长小鼠的睡眠时间,与水提物相比,缬草挥发油能有效延长小鼠的睡眠时间。结论：缬草挥发油的镇静催眠效果明显优于其水溶性物质。     

薰衣草精油对小鼠镇静催眠作用的实验研究

目的验证薰衣草精油芳香疗法的镇静、催眠作用。方法将20只小鼠分为对照组和薰衣草组,熏衣草组分别给予10-3、10-4浓度的薰衣草精油香薰,计数运动时间和运动次数、移动格子数及站立次数。另将30只小鼠分为对照组、薰衣草10-3组和薰衣草10-4组,给予阈剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠,记录睡眠潜伏期和睡眠时间。结果薰衣草精油香薰后小鼠的运动时间和运动次数少于对照组(P<0.05),移动格子数和站立次数少于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,香薰各组的睡眠潜伏期均缩短(P<0.05),睡眠时间均延长(P<0.01);不同浓度精油香薰的两组相比,睡眠潜伏期没有明显差异(P>0.05),而薰衣草10-3组睡眠时间长于薰衣草10-4(P<0.01)。结论薰衣草精油香薰疗法有镇静催眠作用。     

开胸患者使用镇痛泵对呼吸功能恢复的影响和护理

目的 探讨开胸术后患者使用镇痛泵对呼吸的影响与护理,以提高开胸患者术后呼吸道护理水平,减小肺部并发症.方法 将120例开胸患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例.对照组给予常规的健康宣教及护理;观察组除上述护理外,术后使用镇痛泵,术后严密监测患者呼吸情况,每1 ～2 h协助患者咳嗽、排痰,观察患者的咯痰效果、自主咯痰信心、镇痛效果及呼吸功能.结果 术后观察组有效减轻了疼痛,咳嗽、排痰有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 开胸术后患者使用镇痛泵有利于患者循环呼吸的稳定,减小了术后肺部并发症的发生,加快了免疫功能的恢复,缩短了病人的康复过程.     

Independent sleep EEG slow-wave and spindle band dynamics associated with 4 weeks of continuous application of short-half-life hypnotics in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVES: Habituation and adverse withdrawal reactions after prolonged medication with benzodiazepine (BZ) hypnotics are believed to play a role in dose escalation and the development of dependence. METHODS: In the current sleep EEG study in 43 healthy male subjects, the known property of BZ- and similar hypnotics to change the NREM sleep EEG spectrum is utilized for a detailed quantitative analysis across 4 weeks of continuous medication and a subsequent two-week withdrawal period. The BZ hypnotic triazolam and the non-BZ hypnotics zopiclone and zolpidem, differing in pharmacological properties and reported adverse effects, were examined in parallel to a placebo group. RESULTS: Reliably occurring spectral effects in the sleep stage 2 EEG were found in the 3 frequency bands 0.8-5 Hz, 5-10 Hz and 10-15 Hz. All 3 hypnotics showed the typical 'benzodiazepine signature', a 10-15 Hz increase and lower-frequency (<10 Hz) suppression relative to the preceding drug-free night. However, these effects developed differently across the first medication night, across the 4 medication weeks and after withdrawal: While the 5-10 Hz effect covaried with the blood presence of the drugs as estimated from the known plasma half-lifes, showed habituation and a rebound after withdrawal, the 10-15 Hz power increased across medication days and showed no rebound. Effects in the 0.8-5 Hz band in the first medication night correlated with the decrease of sleep efficiency at later withdrawal for triazolam and zolpidem.     

Listening to Turkish classical music decreases patients’anxiety,pain,dissatisfaction and the dose of sedative and analgesic drugs during colonoscopy:A prospective randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION Anxiety and pain are common problems associated with colonoscopy procedure and most endoscopy units prescribe some form of sedation and analgesia for patients undergoing this procedure[1]. Although the use of sedation is both risky and costly…     

安神热庵包足浴结合耳穴压豆对诱导透析患者睡眠质量的影响

目的观察安神热庵包足浴结合耳穴压豆对诱导透析期血液透析患者睡眠质量的改善效果。方法选取2018年2月至2019年4月本院收治的诱导透析期血液透析患者60例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其等分为对照组与研究组,对照组采取常规护理方法,研究组在常规护理方法的基础上,采取安神热庵包足浴结合耳穴压豆干预。比较两组患者焦虑、抑郁、睡眠质量和护理满意度评分。结果干预前,两组焦虑、抑郁、睡眠质量评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后两组患者焦虑、抑郁、睡眠质量评分均较干预前降低(P<0.05),研究组焦虑、抑郁、睡眠质量评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);出院时研究组护理满意度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对诱导透析期血液透析患者,采取安神热庵包足浴结合耳穴压豆干预,可明显减轻焦虑和抑郁,改善睡眠质量,提高护理满意度。     

酸枣仁皂苷A的药理学研究进展

酸枣仁皂苷A(JuA)是酸枣仁中皂苷的主要成分.国内外研究表明JuA具有镇静催眠、降压降脂、抗炎、抗缺氧、增强免疫功能以及对心脏的保护等广泛的药理效应.随着药理学研究方法和技术的更新以及神经生物学的发展,JuA的药动学及其具有广泛的药理学作用不断被发现和深入研究.该文旨在对JuA的药动学研究和药理作用的研究进展作一综述,以期对以后的研究有所裨益.     

右美托咪定用于腰-硬联合麻醉中的镇静效果

目的 探讨右美托咪定在腰-硬联合麻醉中镇静效果.方法 将122例需手术患者分为观察组61例和对照组61例,分别运用右美托咪定、咪唑安定.结果 观察组用药后MAP (97.0±9.2)mmHg、HR(61.0±9.3)次/min低于用药前(P＜0.05),但Sp02下降不明显(P＞0.05);T2～T4,对照组MAP[(112.6±10.9)mmHg、(114.4±7.5) mmHg、(115.6±9.2) mmHg]高于观察组[(97.0±9.2)mmHg、(93.6±8.4)mmHg、(92.3±11.3) mmHg],T2～T5,两组Ramsay评分均高于T0,且观察组Ramsay高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论右美托咪定在腰-硬联合麻醉中应用镇静效果显著.     

Sedative drugs used for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background: The effects of different sedative drugs on all-cause mortality rate, duration of ICU stay, and risk of delirium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients are unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of individual sedative drugs and drug combinations in mechanically ventilated ICU patients.

Materials and methods: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched for studies that assessed sedation in ICU mechanically ventilated patients. A Bayesian random-effects model was used to combine the direct comparisons and indirect evidence.

Results: Thirty-one randomized, controlled trials were included, which consisted of 4491 patients who received one of seven sedative drugs or a combination of drugs. There were no significant differences regarding the all-cause mortality rate. Compared to propofol, inhalation anesthetics (hazard ratio [HR] 0.121; 95% credible interval [CrI] -7.58 to 7.62), alpha agonists (HR 2.2; 95% CrI 0.776 to 5.22), propofol with benzodiazepines (HR 0.306; 95% CrI -6.97 to 7.65), ketamine with benzodiazepines (HR 6.57; 95% CrI -6.05 to 19.1) and placebo (HR 2.4; 95% CrI -5.37 to 10.3), benzodiazepines (HR 3.62; 95% CrI 0.834 to 6.2) may increase the duration of ICU stay. Compared to alpha agonists, propofol (HR 2.4; 95% CrI 0.304 to 21.1) and placebo (HR 6.12; 95% CrI 0.745 to 54.6), benzodiazepines (HR 2.59; 95% CrI 1.08 to 7.4) were associated with incremental risks of delirium.

Conclusion: Compared to propofol, benzodiazepines may increase the duration of ICU stay. Compared to alpha agonists, benzodiazepines were associated with an increased risk of delirium.     

右美托咪啶用于ICU颅脑病变患者的镇静

目的研究右美托咪啶用于ICU颅脑病变患者的镇静作用。方法对50例颅脑病变患者给予右美托咪啶镇静,维持Ramsay评分2～5分,观察各项指标。结果镇静效率为（86.6±7.3）%,镇静时间平均输注速度为（0.52＋0.13）μg/（kg·h）,镇静生命体征平稳。结论右美托咪啶可有效应用于颅脑病变患者,且具有独特优势。