Diphenyl diselenide induces anxiolytic-like and sedative effects on the chick social separation-stress behavior

The purpose of this research was to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)(2)] on the chick social separation-stress behavior. Male chicks (six day-old) received, per oral route, a single administration of (PhSe)(2) at doses of 1, 10 and 50mg/kg. Thirty minutes after treatment, chicks were submitted to the behavioral tests. The behavioral tests: number of separation-induced distress vocalizations and jumps, time of active wakefulness, time of standing/sitting motionless with eyes open, time of standing motionless with eyes closed and time of sleeping posture, during 10 min, were recorded. (PhSe)(2) at doses of 10 and 50mg/kg reduced the number of vocalizations and jumps and the time of active wakefulness and increased the time of standing/sitting motionless with eyes open of chicks. The sleeping posture time was increased in animals treated with (PhSe)(2) at the dose of 50mg/kg. In conclusion, treatment with (PhSe)(2), in a dose dependent-manner, caused anxiolytic-like and sedative effects in chicks.     

安神药的课堂教学思路与实践

安神药是医药类院校药学专业《中药药理学》教材中的一个小章节。随着人们生活节奏的不断加快,社会环境的影响,越来越多的人出现各种睡眠障碍。因此,为了更好地让学生掌握这一章的内容,将其应用于实际生活及中医临床防治失眠,笔者根据长期致力于治疗失眠疾病相关中药药理学的研究以及对教学方法的不断探索,浅谈安神药的课堂教学思路。     

安神药配伍规律及临床应用浅析

目的：探析安神药的配伍作用及临床应用。方法：以中药性能理论为基础,将具有不同安神作用的中药归纳总结,通过查阅本草文献、杂志来获取相关资料,从而分析各类安神中药的配伍作用及应用。结果：根据归纳将具有安神作用的中药分为7类：清心安神药、镇肝安神药、养血安神药、解郁安神药、化痰安神药、化瘀安神药、补气安神药。并对其配伍作用及应用、药理研究做了详细论述。结论：各类安神药临床配伍应用疗效显著,并为安神药的配伍研究提供理论依据     

Sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction from Fructus Schisandrae in mice and rats

Fruits of Fructus Schisandrae have been used as medicine for the treatment for insomnia in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present research, the sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction of Fructus Schisandrae fruit (SY3) were studied in mice and rats. In the open field test, SY3 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the motor activity of mice compared to the normal. Results also showed SY3 potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep by not only increasing the number of falling asleep and prolonging sleeping time but also reducing sleep latency. Furthermore, sleep–wake stages of rats were evaluated by polytrophic recording for 3 h after treatment. The results demonstrated that SY3 at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg behaved remarkable action on sleep architecture of rats, which contain the increase of total sleeping time, the rate of deep slow wave sleep (SWS) and mean episode duration of deep SWS, and the decrease of the latency of deep SWS. Therefore, these results suggest that the ethanol fraction of Fructus Schisandrae fruit possesses potent sedative and hypnotic activity, which supported its therapeutic use for insomnia.     

薰衣草精油对小鼠镇静催眠作用的实验研究

目的验证薰衣草精油芳香疗法的镇静、催眠作用。方法将20只小鼠分为对照组和薰衣草组,熏衣草组分别给予10-3、10-4浓度的薰衣草精油香薰,计数运动时间和运动次数、移动格子数及站立次数。另将30只小鼠分为对照组、薰衣草10-3组和薰衣草10-4组,给予阈剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠,记录睡眠潜伏期和睡眠时间。结果薰衣草精油香薰后小鼠的运动时间和运动次数少于对照组(P<0.05),移动格子数和站立次数少于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,香薰各组的睡眠潜伏期均缩短(P<0.05),睡眠时间均延长(P<0.01);不同浓度精油香薰的两组相比,睡眠潜伏期没有明显差异(P>0.05),而薰衣草10-3组睡眠时间长于薰衣草10-4(P<0.01)。结论薰衣草精油香薰疗法有镇静催眠作用。     

Independent sleep EEG slow-wave and spindle band dynamics associated with 4 weeks of continuous application of short-half-life hypnotics in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVES: Habituation and adverse withdrawal reactions after prolonged medication with benzodiazepine (BZ) hypnotics are believed to play a role in dose escalation and the development of dependence. METHODS: In the current sleep EEG study in 43 healthy male subjects, the known property of BZ- and similar hypnotics to change the NREM sleep EEG spectrum is utilized for a detailed quantitative analysis across 4 weeks of continuous medication and a subsequent two-week withdrawal period. The BZ hypnotic triazolam and the non-BZ hypnotics zopiclone and zolpidem, differing in pharmacological properties and reported adverse effects, were examined in parallel to a placebo group. RESULTS: Reliably occurring spectral effects in the sleep stage 2 EEG were found in the 3 frequency bands 0.8-5 Hz, 5-10 Hz and 10-15 Hz. All 3 hypnotics showed the typical 'benzodiazepine signature', a 10-15 Hz increase and lower-frequency (<10 Hz) suppression relative to the preceding drug-free night. However, these effects developed differently across the first medication night, across the 4 medication weeks and after withdrawal: While the 5-10 Hz effect covaried with the blood presence of the drugs as estimated from the known plasma half-lifes, showed habituation and a rebound after withdrawal, the 10-15 Hz power increased across medication days and showed no rebound. Effects in the 0.8-5 Hz band in the first medication night correlated with the decrease of sleep efficiency at later withdrawal for triazolam and zolpidem.     

Listening to Turkish classical music decreases patients’anxiety,pain,dissatisfaction and the dose of sedative and analgesic drugs during colonoscopy:A prospective randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION Anxiety and pain are common problems associated with colonoscopy procedure and most endoscopy units prescribe some form of sedation and analgesia for patients undergoing this procedure[1]. Although the use of sedation is both risky and costly…     

喀什地区2家医院常用镇静催眠药应用分析

目的:调查分析喀什地区2家医院精神障碍患者镇静催眠药的应用情况,促进临床合理用药。方法:调取喀什地区2家医院计算机数据库中2010-2012年有关镇静催眠药的处方,对其品种、销售金额、用量、用药天数等进行统计、分析。结果:镇静催眠药销售金额逐年增加,2012年的增长率为23.63%;氟硝西泮销售金额排序居前列,且增幅最大;使用金额分列第2、3位的为阿普唑仑、劳拉西泮;中成药中,天王补心丸的销售金额逐年增加;用药频度(DDDs)排序前5位的为阿普唑仑、氟硝西泮、艾司唑仑、劳拉西泮、地西泮,除阿普唑仑[药物利用指数(DUI)=1.04]外其余药物DUI均<1。结论:喀什地区镇静催眠药使用较多的均为国家基本药物,临床应用较为合理,但加强管理仍十分必要。     

小儿核磁共振检查中睡眠剥夺联合镇静剂的临床应用研究

目的:探讨小儿核磁共振检查中睡眠剥夺联合镇静剂的临床应用研究。方法:选取2019年2月至2020年2月期间谷城县人民医院收治的患儿98例作为研究对象,按照电脑序号随机的方式分为观察组和对照组,每组49例。对于对照组患儿在核磁共振检查前30 min应用水和氯醛进行灌肠操作,观察组患儿则先做睡眠剥夺后在核磁共振检查前30 min应用水和氯醛进行灌肠操作。后对2组患儿进行核磁共振检查,对检查配合性、灌肠成功率、药物作用入睡时间和首次检查成功率进行比较和分析。结果:观察组患儿水合氯醛灌肠成功率为93.8%高于对照组75.5%;观察组患儿药物作用后睡眠时间为(12.01±3.69)min,对照组为(22.21±7.69)min,观察组进入睡眠状态的时间少于对照组,2组指标比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),具。结论:在对小儿患者进行核磁共振中,应用睡眠剥夺与水合氯醛灌肠法联合使用,可以得到更好的镇静效果,可以适当提高患儿MRI的成功率。