酸枣仁皂苷A的药理学研究进展

酸枣仁皂苷A(JuA)是酸枣仁中皂苷的主要成分.国内外研究表明JuA具有镇静催眠、降压降脂、抗炎、抗缺氧、增强免疫功能以及对心脏的保护等广泛的药理效应.随着药理学研究方法和技术的更新以及神经生物学的发展,JuA的药动学及其具有广泛的药理学作用不断被发现和深入研究.该文旨在对JuA的药动学研究和药理作用的研究进展作一综述,以期对以后的研究有所裨益.     

开胸患者使用镇痛泵对呼吸功能恢复的影响和护理

目的 探讨开胸术后患者使用镇痛泵对呼吸的影响与护理,以提高开胸患者术后呼吸道护理水平,减小肺部并发症.方法 将120例开胸患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例.对照组给予常规的健康宣教及护理;观察组除上述护理外,术后使用镇痛泵,术后严密监测患者呼吸情况,每1 ～2 h协助患者咳嗽、排痰,观察患者的咯痰效果、自主咯痰信心、镇痛效果及呼吸功能.结果 术后观察组有效减轻了疼痛,咳嗽、排痰有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 开胸术后患者使用镇痛泵有利于患者循环呼吸的稳定,减小了术后肺部并发症的发生,加快了免疫功能的恢复,缩短了病人的康复过程.     

薏苡仁水提取物的抗炎、镇痛、镇静作用研究

目的：比较薏苡仁两种水提取物的抗炎、镇痛、镇静作用。方法：采用热水煎煮和冷水浸提两种方法分别提取薏苡仁有效部位（记作样品l和样品2）。通过二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀和角叉莱胶致小鼠足肿胀实验比较两种样品抗炎作用;通过热板法小鼠镇痛实验比较两种样品镇痛作用;通过滚笼法比较两种样品镇静作用。结果：样品1具有明显抗炎、镇痛、镇静作用（P〈0．01）,样品2具有镇痛作用（P〈0．05）和兴奋与抑制的双重作用（P〈0．05）,无明显抗炎作用。结论：薏苡仁具有抗炎、镇痛、镇静作用,作用强度与提取方法和给药剂量有关。     

Repeated administration of an aqueous spray-dried extract of the leaves of Passiflora alata Curtis (Passifloraceae) inhibits body weight gain without altering mice behavior

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Passiflora alata is a Southern American species that constitutes many traditional remedies as well as phytomedicines used for sedative and anxiolytic purposes in Brazil. However studies on repeated treatment effects are scarce.

Aim of the study

To evaluate behavioral, physiological and biochemical effects of the repeated treatment with an aqueous spray-dried extract of Passiflora alata leaves containing 2.5% (w/v) of flavonoids (PA) in mice.

Material and methods

Male adult CF1 mice were treated (p.o.) for 14 days with PA (2.5; 25 or 250 mg/kg). The feeding behavior was evaluated at the beginning (1 h after the first administration) and at the end of the treatment (15th day). The body weight gain and food consumption were monitored along the days. On day 15 mice were evaluated on plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activity, catalepsy and barbiturate sleeping time tests. Serum glucose, lipids, ALT and AST enzymes were determined. Liver, kidney, perirenal fat, epididymal and peritoneal fat were analyzed.

Results

The repeated treatment with the highest dose tested (250 mg/kg) did not alter the mice behavior on open field, elevated plus maze, catalepsy and barbiturate sleeping time tests. Repeated administration of PA 250 decreased mice feeding behavior and weight gain. PA 25 and PA 250 reduced mice relative liver weight and caused mild hepatic hydropic degeneration as well as a decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum level.

Conclusions

These results indicate that Passiflora alata does not present central cumulative effects and point to the needs of further studies searching for its hepatotoxicity as well as potential anorexigenic.     

Studies on neuropharmacological profile of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Moringa oleifera (family Moringaceae), commonly called Horseradish or tree of life, is traditionally used for the treatment of epilepsy and neurologic conditions.

Aim of the study

The objective of this study is to investigate the neurobehavioural and anticonvulsant properties of the ethanol extract from the leaves of Moringa oleifera.

Materials and methods

Neurobehavioural properties were evaluated using the open field, hole board, Y-maze, elevated plus maze (EPM) and pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis. Pentylenetetrazole (leptazol), picrotoxin and strychnine induced convulsion tests were used to investigate the anti-convulsive actions of Moringa oleifera.

Results

The result showed that the extract (250–2000 mg/kg) caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in rearing, grooming, head dips and locomotion (P<0.001). It also enhanced learning and memory and increased anxiogenic effect. In addition, the extract (2000 mg/kg) protected mice against pentylenetetrazol induced convulsion, but has no effect on picrotoxin and strychnine induced convulsion. The effects of the extract in the various models were comparable to those of the standard drugs used except in Y-maze, EPM and picrotoxin and strychnine induced convulsion. The LD₅₀ obtained for the acute toxicity studied using oral route of administration was >6.4 g/kg.

Conclusion

The findings from this study suggest that the ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves possesses CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities possibly mediated through the enhancement of central inhibitory mechanism involving release γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). The results partially justified the traditional use of the extract for the treatment of epilepsy.     

Diphenyl diselenide induces anxiolytic-like and sedative effects on the chick social separation-stress behavior

The purpose of this research was to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)(2)] on the chick social separation-stress behavior. Male chicks (six day-old) received, per oral route, a single administration of (PhSe)(2) at doses of 1, 10 and 50mg/kg. Thirty minutes after treatment, chicks were submitted to the behavioral tests. The behavioral tests: number of separation-induced distress vocalizations and jumps, time of active wakefulness, time of standing/sitting motionless with eyes open, time of standing motionless with eyes closed and time of sleeping posture, during 10 min, were recorded. (PhSe)(2) at doses of 10 and 50mg/kg reduced the number of vocalizations and jumps and the time of active wakefulness and increased the time of standing/sitting motionless with eyes open of chicks. The sleeping posture time was increased in animals treated with (PhSe)(2) at the dose of 50mg/kg. In conclusion, treatment with (PhSe)(2), in a dose dependent-manner, caused anxiolytic-like and sedative effects in chicks.     

安神药的课堂教学思路与实践

安神药是医药类院校药学专业《中药药理学》教材中的一个小章节。随着人们生活节奏的不断加快,社会环境的影响,越来越多的人出现各种睡眠障碍。因此,为了更好地让学生掌握这一章的内容,将其应用于实际生活及中医临床防治失眠,笔者根据长期致力于治疗失眠疾病相关中药药理学的研究以及对教学方法的不断探索,浅谈安神药的课堂教学思路。     

安神药配伍规律及临床应用浅析

目的：探析安神药的配伍作用及临床应用。方法：以中药性能理论为基础,将具有不同安神作用的中药归纳总结,通过查阅本草文献、杂志来获取相关资料,从而分析各类安神中药的配伍作用及应用。结果：根据归纳将具有安神作用的中药分为7类：清心安神药、镇肝安神药、养血安神药、解郁安神药、化痰安神药、化瘀安神药、补气安神药。并对其配伍作用及应用、药理研究做了详细论述。结论：各类安神药临床配伍应用疗效显著,并为安神药的配伍研究提供理论依据     

Sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction from Fructus Schisandrae in mice and rats

Fruits of Fructus Schisandrae have been used as medicine for the treatment for insomnia in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present research, the sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction of Fructus Schisandrae fruit (SY3) were studied in mice and rats. In the open field test, SY3 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the motor activity of mice compared to the normal. Results also showed SY3 potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep by not only increasing the number of falling asleep and prolonging sleeping time but also reducing sleep latency. Furthermore, sleep–wake stages of rats were evaluated by polytrophic recording for 3 h after treatment. The results demonstrated that SY3 at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg behaved remarkable action on sleep architecture of rats, which contain the increase of total sleeping time, the rate of deep slow wave sleep (SWS) and mean episode duration of deep SWS, and the decrease of the latency of deep SWS. Therefore, these results suggest that the ethanol fraction of Fructus Schisandrae fruit possesses potent sedative and hypnotic activity, which supported its therapeutic use for insomnia.