Possible anticholinesterase-like effects of trans(−)δ8 and -δ9tetrahydrocannabinol as observed in the general motor activity of mice

The general motor activity of mice, measured by photobeam interruption, was depressed following dosage with trans(–) ⁸ and - ⁹tetrahydrocannabinol. The effect was similar to that obtained with synhexyl, pentobarbital, and eserine, but directly opposite to the stimulatory effect obtained with Ditran and scopolamine. The depressant effect of the tetrahydrocannabinols, synhexyl and eserine was potentiated by tacrine while the stimulant effect of Ditran and scopolamine was antagonized. Pentobarbital did not reveal any interaction with tacrine. Thus, the tetrahydrocannabinols appeared to possibly have an anticholinesterase sedative-like action. The compatibility of the finding with earlier reports suggesting anticholinergic-like actions of tetrahydrocannabinols and the drug-behavior interaction implications are discussed.The research reported herein was supported by Grant No. 607-23-1 from the Canadian Department of National Health and Welfare. The tetrahydrocannabinol samples were generously supplied by Dr. A. B. Morrison, Deputy Director-General, Canadian Food and Drug Directorate.     

新型镇静催眠药扎来普隆的合成

扎来普降是一种非苯二氮(?)类的新型镇静催眠药,以间硝基苯乙酬为原料,经还原、酰化、缩合、烃化、环合反应合成了扎来普隆(Zaleplon)。并对此工艺的还原、酰化及烃化反应进行研究,通过铁粉-冰醋酸还原酰化一锅煮工艺,合成3-(N-乙酰基)氨基苯乙酮,收率达81%。烃化反应采用TEBA相转移催化剂,用溴乙烷烃化,简化操作,成本降低。     

福州市军队离退休老年人镇静催眠药用药调查

目的：了解福州市军队离退休老年人服用镇静催眠药的情况。方法：调查福州市军队936例年龄≥60岁的老年人服用镇静催眠药的状况，采用问卷调查和入户访谈相结合的方法获得数据，应用SPSS软件系统进行统计分析。结果：①老年人镇静催眠药服用率为58．01％，其中男性57．71％，女性58．44％；②60—69岁和70～79岁年龄组用药率高于≥80岁年龄组；③用药种类在3种以上的占14．73％，11．24％服药者出现依赖症状，不良反应发生率为26．34％，不良反应随年龄增长而增多。结论：应高度关注老年人服用镇静催眠药状况，防止滥用及不良反应的发生。     

安神剂的临床应用研究现状

通过回顾近10年来安神剂的临床研究概况,发现安神剂的现代研究涉及的主要方剂有天王补心丹、酸枣仁汤、甘麦大枣汤、黄连阿胶汤、交泰丸等,研究内容包括镇静催眠、抗焦虑、抗抑郁等与安神功效直接相关的作用,还涉及到诸如心脑血管、内分泌等其他多个系统,但在精神神经系统疾病治疗中显示出较好的应用前景。在安神剂的临床研究中也存在不少问题,如大样本的临床观察报道相对较少,主治病证缺乏统一标准,原方的加减随意性较大。因此,在以后的研究中,应加强临床主治病证的规范化的研究,制定统一的临床诊断和疗效评价标准。     

Stimulant alcohol effects prime within session drinking behavior

Rationale Individual differences in subjective alcohol effects have been shown to differ by risk status (e.g., family history of alcoholism) and to predict future risk for alcohol-related problems. Presumably, individual differences in both stimulant and sedative responses affect the rewarding value of drinking which, in turn, impacts future drinking behavior. Although plausible, this theoretical model is largely untested. Objectives The current study attempted to provide experimental evidence for the impact of subjective alcohol responses on within session drinking behavior. Materials and methods Using a placebo-controlled between-subjects alcohol administration paradigm, experiences and evaluations of stimulant and sedative alcohol effects (after a target dose of 0.06 g%) were assessed as predictors of ad-libitum consumption in the context of anticipatory stress. Results Analyses indicated that an initial dose of alcohol increased experiences of both stimulation and sedation although stimulant effects were evaluated much more positively. In addition, stimulant effects after a priming dose predicted further consumption, whereas sedative effects did not. Conclusions At least among moderate to heavy drinking college students, stimulant alcohol effects are more reinforcing and predict within session drinking behavior under social stress. Increased attention should be given to stimulant alcohol effects as a risk factor for excessive consumption in this population. Incorporating information about stimulant alcohol effects in prevention and intervention programs may also be important if additional research supports the current results. This research has been supported by grants from the Texas Commission of Alcohol and Drug Abuse (517-9-8444), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5T32-AA07471; RO1-AA11683) the Co-operative Society at The University of Texas at Austin, and the Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research.     

Sedative effects of vapor inhalation of agarwood oil and spikenard extract and identification of their active components

Agarwood oil and spikenard extract were examined for their sedative activity using a spontaneous vapor administration system. It was shown that inhalation of agarwood oil vapor sedated mice. The main volatile constituents of the oil were found to be benzylacetone [agarwood oil from a Hong Kong market (1)], or α-gurjunene and (+)-calarene [agarwood oil made in Vietnam (2)]. A hexane extract of spikenard contained a lot of calarene, and its vapor inhalation had a sedative effect on mice. Individual principles benzylacetone, calarene, and α-gurjunene were administered to mice, which reproduced the result of the corresponding oil or extract. However, the most effective dose of the compounds was lower than their original content in the oil and extract (benzylacetone 0.1%, calarene 0.17%, α-gurjunene 1.5%).     

基于数据挖掘中药治疗气阴两虚型室性早搏的用药规律研究

目的：基于数据挖掘技术总结中药治疗气阴两虚型室性早搏的用药规律。方法：采用计算机检索与人工检索相结合的方法,运用主题词检索方法检索2010年3月至2020年3月国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）、中国学术期刊数据库（CSPD）、中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）4个数据库中中医药治疗气阴两虚型室性早搏临床研究的相关文献,运用Excel 2010建立数据库并结合IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0对其用药规律进行分析。结果：共纳入106篇文献,涉及中药112味;方剂应用率＞50%的药物有麦冬、炙甘草、五味子;药物功效分类中,使用频次最高的为补虚药,其次为安神药和活血化瘀药。聚类分析中,提取5对药对及3组药物组合。结论：气阴两虚型室性早搏以益气养阴为治法,方药以补虚药为核心,辅以安神药,佐以活血化瘀药,治疗的核心药物为麦冬、炙甘草、酸枣仁、丹参,聚类分析结果对于指导临床有重要意义。     

心脏瓣膜术后镇静深度对术后谵妄发生率的影响

目的 探讨不同镇静深度对心脏瓣膜术后谵妄发生率的影响。方法 选取安徽省立医院心脏大血管外科2017年1月至2017年9月择期下行心脏瓣膜手术的患者30例,根据镇静深度分为浅镇静组和深镇静组,每组15例。记录两组患者的年龄、性别、受教育程度、术前血红蛋白含量、体外循环时间、主动脉夹闭时间、手术时间及麻醉过程中镇静药丙泊酚、咪达唑仑和舒芬太尼使用剂量等;对比两组患者在整个机械通气过程中丙泊酚剂量、意外拔除气管插管及谵妄的发生情况。结果 浅镇静组患者丙泊酚剂量和术后谵妄发生率低于深镇静组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组患者其他指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 轻度镇静可能有助于减轻心脏瓣膜术后谵妄发生的风险。     

复方安神液的镇静催眠作用

目的:观察复方安神液镇静催眠作用并与复方枣仁胶囊作比较.方法:采用抖笼换能器法、翻正反射法观察复方安神液的镇静催眠作用.结果:复方安神液高、低剂量组能抑制小鼠的自主活动强度,明显延长小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈上剂量睡眠时间,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠引起的小鼠入睡数.结论:复方安神液具有较明显的镇静催眠作用.     

安神药配伍规律及临床应用浅析

目的：探析安神药的配伍作用及临床应用。方法：以中药性能理论为基础,将具有不同安神作用的中药归纳总结,通过查阅本草文献、杂志来获取相关资料,从而分析各类安神中药的配伍作用及应用。结果：根据归纳将具有安神作用的中药分为7类：清心安神药、镇肝安神药、养血安神药、解郁安神药、化痰安神药、化瘀安神药、补气安神药。并对其配伍作用及应用、药理研究做了详细论述。结论：各类安神药临床配伍应用疗效显著,并为安神药的配伍研究提供理论依据