Outpatient treated burns in infants younger than 1 year in Helsinki during 2005–2009

In general, voluminous data exists concerning burns in children, but the data focusing specially on children less than 1 year of age is sporadic. We therefore focused on examining the special features of burns in children less than 1 year of age.     

Temperature dissociation of liquids in reusable thermoplastic containers—An eco-friendly scald risk?

Recent global concern regarding the impact of plastic waste on the environment has resulted in efforts to utilise reusable drink containers. Research is lacking regarding temperature dissociation of drinks in reusable thermoplastic cups. This study aimed to compare the cooling time of two common hot drinks sold at a UK retailer, in the three vessels they are sold; ceramic, disposable paper (with and without lid) and reusable thermoplastic cups (with and without lid). All temperatures were collated from 250 ml volumes of black Americano coffee or café latte in the three different containers. The cooling time was measured every sixty seconds using a standardised digital thermocouple thermometer until a threshold liquid temperature of 43 °C was reached. All experiments were performed in triplicate and temperatures converted to a dimensionless logarithmic scale prior to statistical analysis.Cooling time was significantly slower for lidded cups irrespective of material. Unlidded thermoplastic cups significantly slowed cooling times for both black Americano coffee and café latte compared to ceramic and unlidded disposable paper cups.The growing trend in reusable cups does not in itself pose an increased risk of scald injury. However, we consider that the potentially increased ambulatory behaviour associated with using a lidded rather than unlidded cup may increase scald risk. We propose that further consumer guidance should be disseminated regarding the use of any lidded takeaway container to prevent scalds in both adults and children.     

A state-wide analysis of pediatric scald burns by tap water, 2016–2018

IntroductionUnsafe tap water temperatures (>120 °F) are a risk factor for pediatric burns, which may disproportionally impact low-income, urban communities. We sought to estimate the incidence and demographic characteristics of tap water burns and their association with housing characteristics.MethodsWe performed a secondary data analysis to summarize emergency department discharge records from 2016 to 2018 involving children <18 years with an ICD-10-CM code for tap water burn (X11), and town-level housing data from the American Community Survey. Unpaired student’s t-test and spearman’s correlation analysis were performed for comparative analyses.ResultsA total of 146 tap water burn visits were identified, representing an incidence of 2 per 10,000 ED visits. The majority of cases were male, non-Hispanic White, of public insurance type, and from an urban CT town. The median age was 3 years, with 58% of cases <5 years. Towns with at least one tap water burn had a significantly higher average percentage of multi-family unit and renter housing as compared to towns with no tap water burns (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur results identified a significant number of tap water burns in children. Primary prevention efforts targeting education or regulation of water temperatures may work to reduce burns in underserved areas.     

When do children get burnt?

Burns are a cause of more than 5000 paediatric hospital admissions per year in England and Wales. Injury prevention and service provision may be better planned with knowledge of burn timing. Prospectively collected records from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2011 were analysed. All episodes involving patients less than 16 years of age reviewed by the South West Children's Burns Centre were included. Data was collected from 1480 records to investigate seasonal, weekly, and daily variation.Day to day analysis showed significantly more burns occurred on Saturday and Sunday than Monday–Friday (p < 0.001). Of all burns, 46% occurred within the time-period 08:00–15:59; however the mean hourly rate of burns was highest between 16:00 and 18:59. Of the larger burns (>10% body surface area), 38% occurred after 19:00. There was no statistically significant variation in the monthly (p = 0.105) or seasonal (p = 0.270) distribution of burns. Bank holidays did not cause a statistically significant increase in numbers.Injury prevention strategies are likely to have most volume impact by increasing awareness of the peak time for burns in children, enabling parents at home with young children to modify any risky behaviour and by targeting older children and their behaviour.     

Principles and procedures in female breast reconstruction in the young child's burn injury

Thermic lesions of the neck, the shoulder, and the thoracic wall in young children are characterized by identical etiology, pathology, and prognosis. Scald injuries from hot liquids cause deep second-degree up to superficial third-degree burns. In these injuries the subcutaneously located mamary gland is not effected. Therefore, the severe deformities that may occur in puberty are only defects of the soft tissue coverage and not of the mammary glands. Radical scar excision and skin grafting is the therapy of choice. Z-plasty and local flaps may correct these burn defects only partially because the loss of tissue is compensated only by a new distribution of the adjacent skin areas.     

烫伤和应用含Zn外用药对体内微量元素影响的实验研究

Wistar大鼠烫伤15％Ⅱ°、绿脓杆菌(10~9/ml),4h后创面分别涂以霜剂基质,ZnSD霜,AgSD ZnSD霜,AgSD ZnSD Azone霜与烫伤对照组和正常对照组比较。结果显示烫伤后外用药含Zn者,血Zn及肝Zn明显升高,说明创面含Zn外用药是一重要补Zn途径。烫伤后Cu、Ca、Mg变化不大,含Zn药物未对血Cu、Ca、Mg产生影响。     

Acceptability and functionality of the “Kettle Strap”: An attempt to decrease kettle related burns in children

Background

Extensive hot water burns (HWB) are common at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH). The majority are caused by kettle scalds. These burn injuries usually affect toddlers living in poor socio-economic circumstances. The majority of these injuries are preventable.

严重烫伤内毒素血症大鼠胰岛β-细胞功能损害研究

目的探讨胰岛NF-кB基因表达对大鼠胰岛β-细胞胰岛素分泌功能免疫损伤的作用。方法制作12h、1d、3d、5d和7d组30%TBSAⅢ度烫伤内毒素血症大鼠模型,采用高糖钳夹技术检测大鼠胰岛在体内的功能状态,用胶原酶消化法分离出大鼠胰岛,观察其在体外的胰岛功能;并探讨胰岛功能变化与NF-кB基因表达的关系。结果烫伤12h和1d组大鼠血糖及血清胰岛素水平比正常组显著升高（P〈0.05）,并持续到伤后7天组;但烫伤组大鼠胰岛功能各时相点与正常组比较均明显受损（P〈0.01）;烫伤组大鼠NF-кB蛋白表达均较正常组明显升高（P〈0.05）,伤后1天达峰值,后逐渐下降。NF-кB阳性率与胰岛体外功能呈显著负相关（P〈0.01）。结论严重烫伤内毒素血症大鼠存在β-细胞功能损伤,NF-кB活化在胰岛β-细胞功能损伤中可能发挥着重要作用。     

蜕皮甾酮联合骨髓间充质干细胞促进烫伤皮肤愈合的实验研究

目的:探讨蜕皮甾酮(EDS)联合骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)促进家兔烫伤皮肤愈合的作用及可能的机制。方法:家兔18只,每只4个创面,随机标记设为空白对照组(A组)、EDS组(B组)、MSCs(C组)、EDS+MSCs(D组)。烫伤后5、10、15d各处死6只家兔,计算创面愈合率,观察组织病理学指标。结果:烫伤后5d,B组创面愈合率显著高于A组,B、D组炎性细胞浸润度显著低于A组。烫伤后10d,各组创面愈合率、组织病理学评分、炎性细胞浸润度之间差异均无显著性。烫伤后15d,B、C、D组创面愈合率、组织病理学评分均高于A组。结论:EDS联合MSCs对家兔烫伤皮肤有促愈合作用。