CXCR7在碱烧伤小鼠角膜组织中的表达

目的:研究基质细胞衍生因子-1(stromal cell-derived factor-1,SDF-1)的受体即人CXC趋化因子受体7(C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7,CXCR7)在碱烧伤小鼠角膜组织的表达,探讨CXCR7是否参与小鼠碱烧伤后角膜新生血管(corneal neovascularization,CNV)的形成。方法:采用在角膜鼻侧放置NaOH滤纸片40 s的方法构建BALB/c小鼠碱烧伤诱导CNV动物模型,通过real-time PCR、Western blotting法分别检测碱烧伤后3 d、7 d、14 d角膜组织中SDF-1、CXCR4、CXCR7和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的mRNA及蛋白的表达情况,免疫荧光法检测碱烧伤后14 d CXCR7蛋白的表达。结果:小鼠角膜新生血管在碱烧后14 d内持续生长。Real-time PCR结果显示,与正常对照组相比,碱烧伤后3d、7 d、14 d小鼠角膜组织中SDF-1、CXCR4、CXCR7及VEGF的mRNA表达均明显升高(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,与正常组相比,碱烧伤后7 d组与14 d组中SDF-1、CXCR4、CXCR7及VEGF蛋白的相对表达量均升高(P<0.05),但7d组与14 d组差异无统计学意义。免疫荧光检测显示,正常小鼠角膜上皮层有CXCR7蛋白弱阳性蛋白表达;碱烧伤后14 d,角膜上皮层、基质层及新生血管CXCR7蛋白的表达升高。结论:CXCR7在碱烧伤后小鼠角膜组织中表达增加,提示其可能在碱烧伤后的CNV形成中发挥重要作用。     

3种方法对临床菌血症样本细菌DNA提取的比较

目的寻找一种简单、有效的提取临床菌血症样本细菌DNA的方法．方法分别用碱液加热裂解法、溶菌酶法和商品DNA提取液法提取细菌DNA,用临床常见病原菌特异性引物,进行PCR扩增．结果（1）商品DNA提取液法提取革兰阴性菌DNA,经PCR扩增后得到特异性目的片段,但未扩增出革兰阳性菌的特异性目的片段;（2）碱液加热裂解法、溶菌酶法提取革兰阴、阳性菌DNA,经PCR扩增后均得到特异性目的片段,但碱液加热裂解法比溶菌酶法能扩增到更低浓度的细菌DNA目的片段．结论碱液加热裂解法是3种方法中最简单有效的细菌DNA提取方法,适用于临床病原菌基因组DNA提取．     

“片医负责制”社区卫生服务模式推广的操作流程

“片医负责制”社区卫生服务模式是以人为中心,通过地图式责任划分和服务监管,主动提供全面健康服务,实现人群全覆盖。“片医负责制”社区卫生服务模式所建立的网络化社区卫生服务体系符合新医改的基本要求,也体现了十八大三中全会的精神,是一种值得在全国推广的社区卫生服务模式。本文将郑州的实践经验提升到理论层面,研制具有可推广性的方法和操作流程,为“片医负责制”在其他地区的推广提供理论依据。     

Variations of p38 MAPK and sICAM-1 with therapeutic effect of different resuscitation fluids on severe traumatic patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic variation and action mechanism of sICAM-1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal transduction in human severe trauma and resuscitation, as well as the effect of lactated Ringer's solution(LR), 7.5% sodium chloride solution(HS) and 20% albumin injection(ALB) on the incidence and mortality of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS: Seventy-two severe trauma patients (ISS score 16-43) were divided into ISS < or = 25 and ISS > 25 groups (each group was subdivided into LR, HS and ALB groups). ELISA was used to measure the concentration of sICAM-1. Western blot was used to measure the expression of p38 MAPK. RESULTS: Compared with LR group, the transfusion volume needed for maintaining systolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg was significantly decreased in HS and ALB groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentration of blood sICAM-1 and the expression of p38 MAPK was elevated from 4 to 48 hours after trauma in all experimental groups (P < 0.05-0.01). At 4, 12, and 24 hours, there was significant correlation between the expression of p38 MAPK and sICAM-1 (P < 0.01). Compared with LR group, sICAM-1 and p38 MAPK in HS and ALB groups were decreased (P < 0.05). sICAM-1 and p38 MAPK were significantly higher in the group of ISS > 25 than that of ISS < or = 25 (P < 0.05). MODS incidence and mortality were significantly higher in the group of ISS > 25 than that of ISS < or = 25 (P < 0.05). MODS incidence and mortality were lower in HS and ALB groups than LR group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The up-regulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil-endotheliocytes (PMN-EC) adhesion may be due to the increased sICAM-1 expression during severe trauma. The up-regulation of sICAM-1 expression is correlated with the activation of p38 MAPK. During severe trauma, the levels of sICAM-1 and p38 MAPK, as well as the incidence and mortality of MODS are lower when HS and ALB are used than single lactated LR solution is used.     

高渗盐水增效射频消融治疗肝癌的疗效

目的 探讨高渗盐水增效RFA治疗肝癌的效果和安全性.方法 回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院2001年9月至2007年12月收治的42例原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌患者的临床资料.全组共48个肿瘤结节,直径为1.2～7.5 cm,在B超或CT引导下经皮穿刺或在开腹直视下将射频电极置于肿瘤内,同时置入20G的穿刺针,射频治疗过程中从穿刺针间断注入高渗盐水5～10 ml.随访3～79个月,术后定期行造影或CT检查动态监测RFA治疗效果.采用t检验比较治疗前后AFP水平,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者术后生存情况.结果 18例术前AFP阳性患者中有14例完全转为阴性,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(t=7.703,P<0.05).术后超声造影或CT检查显示肿瘤完全坏死率为94%(45/48),直径≤4.0 cm的肿瘤结节完全坏死.并发症发生率为5%(2/42),无手术死亡.患者1、2、3年生存率分别为9l%、85%、70%.结论 高渗盐水增效RFA治疗肝癌是一种安全、有效的方法.     

7.5%高渗盐水对择期腹部大手术后液体平衡的影响

目的　探讨 7 5 %高渗盐水对择期腹部大手术后液体平衡的影响。方法　 2 2例择期腹部大手术患者 ,配对分为两组。术毕进入外科ICU后 ,研究组 11例应用 7 5 %高渗盐水 4ml kg ,后续平衡液 ;对照组 11例仅用平衡液。比较两组患者的输液量、尿量、液体平衡和体重变化。结果　与对照组相比 ,研究组手术日和术后第 1天尿量较多 [(2 6 5 0± 5 31)mlvs (2 0 4 6± 5 72 )ml,t=2 5 5 17,P <0 0 5 ;(2 716± 6 4 0 )mlvs (2 2 32± 4 89)ml,t=2 2 878,P <0 0 5 ];术日和术后 4 8h的液体正平衡量较少[(40 5 8± 115 9)mlvs (5 92 2± 14 93)ml,t=2 870 1,P <0 0 5 ];(492 6± 2 6 98)mlvs (76 5 6± 2 5 4 3)ml,t=2 2 2 94 ,P <0 0 5 ];术后体重增加幅度低于对照组 [(5 0± 1 9)kgvs (7 2± 1 3)kg ;t=2 80 98,P <0 0 5 ];术后体重下降时间早于对照组 [(2 4 4± 3 4 )hvs (31± 5 )h ;t =3 382 6 ,P <0 0 1]。结论　7 5 %高渗盐水有明显的利尿作用 ,可动员、排出体内扣押的过多液体 ,减少择期腹部大手术后液体正平衡 ,促进液体负平衡提前出现。     

温生理盐水持续腹腔灌洗预处理对大鼠急性胰腺炎的影响

目的 探讨温生理盐水（42℃）腹腔持续灌洗诱导胰腺表达Hsp70及Hsp70在AP中的作用。方法 温生理盐水（42℃）持续灌洗大鼠腹腔30分钟，术后每4小时检测大鼠胰腺Hsp70的表达情况和血清淀粉酶，TNF水平；于灌洗后10小时，5%牛胆酸钠秀导大鼠AP，术后2小时，5小时检测血清淀粉酶，TNF水平，观察病理改变。结果 灌洗8小时后Hsp70表达明显，12小时达高峰，血清淀粉酶，TNF水平正常，灌洗预处理后AP的血清淀粉酶，TNF水平和病理评分与AP比较有明显差异。结论 温水生理盐水（42℃）腹腔持续灌洗能诱导胰腺表达Hsp70,Hsp70在AP中具有保护作用。     

Effect of salinity variations on the performance of activated sludge system

Objective To investigate the influence of salinity variations on the performance of activated sludge systems, treating domestic wastewater. Methods The completely mixed reactor was used and operated in a batch-wise mode. The activated sludge taken from the Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant was used as a seeding sludge. Total organic carbon (TOC),oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and suspended solids (SS) were used as parameters to characterize the performance of the treatment systems. TOC was measured using a TOC-analyzer (TOC-5000, Japan). The OUR value was measured with a dissolved oxygen meter (YSI model-58). SS was measured gravimetrically. Results The TOC removal efficiency and the OUR value of activated sludge were not deteriorated when the NaCl shock concentration was less than 0.5 g/L. However, when the NaCl shock concentrations were up to 10g/t, and 20 g/L, the OUR of activated sludge was reduced by 35% and TOC removal efficiency was dropped by 30%, compared with the control experiment without NaCl shock loading. Conclusion The effect of NaCl shock loading on the activated sludge wastewater treatment system is dependant upon the NaCl concentrations and the degree of influence can be inferred through the change of substrate utilization rate at different shock NaCl loadings.     

首都机场地区居民慢性病相关危险因素现状调查

目的了解首都机场地区居民慢性病相关危险因素的流行水平，为机场地区的慢性病健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法随机抽取607名调查者，通过统一作答和入户的方式调查慢性病及相关危险因素的情况。结果97．9％的调查人群具有一种或一种以上危险因素，吸烟率、饮酒率、超重率、肥胖率分别为35．6％、40．4％、43．0％、18．5％；调查人群中体育运动不足者占61．8％。高血压、高血脂、糖尿病的患病率分别为26．0％、39．9％、7．6％。结论慢性病相关危险因素处于高水平状态，危险因素的持续存在可能造成慢性病的发病率增高，应迅速开展对慢性病的干预活动，控制慢性病的流行。