Opioidergic innervation of the tree shrew pineal gland: An immunohistochemical study

Abstract: The tree shrew ( Tupaia glis ) has been described as a missing link relating primate to insectivore stock. The pineal gland of the tree shrew consists of a superficial pineal and a deep pineal, which are connected by long and slender pineal stalk. A monoclonal antibody against leu-enkephalin was used in an immunohistochemical investigation of the tree shrew pineal gland. A moderate innervation of leu-enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibers has been demonstrated in both superficial and deep pineal gland of the tree shrew. The density of the nerve fibers was slightly higher in the superficial pineal than that of the deep one. The number of immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the capsule of the pineal gland from where they entered the pineal parenchyma. Only a few immunoreactive fibers were found in the habenular area and the area rostra1 to the pineal recess, connecting the habenula and the deep pineal. Furthermore, some positive fibers were located in the pineal stalk. There was no evidence of leu-enkephalin immunoreactive intrapineal cells as seen in the other species of mammal. Therefore, the interspecies variation of opioidergic innervation among the mammals may exist. The lack of intrapineal perikarya is interpreted to indicate that the sources of leu-enkephalin nerve fibers were outside the gland. The anatomical location of the leu-enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibers in the tree shrew pineal gland supports to both central and peripheral pinealopetal pathways in this species.     

New approach in diagnosis of bile duct disease with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Advances in technology have made possible the clinical application of magnetic resonance cholangiography, endoscopic, intra-operative and laparoscopic ultrasound in the study of the biliary tree, in addition to conventional magnetic resonance imaging and transabdominal ultrasound. The role of the conventional, as well as the newer techniques, in the diagnosis of bile duct disease and the limitations and pros and cons of each technique, will be the subject of the present discussion.     

Data mining with decision trees for diagnosis of breast tumor in medical ultrasonic images

To increase the ability of ultrasonographic (US) technology for the differential diagnosis of solid breast tumors, we describe a novel computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system using data mining with decision tree for classification of breast tumor to increase the levels of diagnostic confidence and to provide the immediate second opinion for physicians. Cooperating with the texture information extracted from the region of interest (ROI) image, a decision tree model generated from the training data in a top-down, general-to-specific direction with 24 co-variance texture features is used to classify the tumors as benign or malignant. In the experiments, accuracy rates for a experienced physician and the proposed CADx are 86.67% (78/90) and 95.50% (86/90), respectively.     

Chronic psychosocial stress differentially affects apoptosis in hippocampal subregions and cortex of the adult tree shrew

We studied the effect of chronic psychosocial stress on cell death and volume changes in the tree shrew hippocampus. In situ end labelling (ISEL) identified low frequent but convincing apoptosis in many hippocampal subregions. Also in entorhinal cortex, apoptosis was found, generally at higher frequencies. After 28 days of chronic stress, apoptosis was significantly reduced in the CA1 stratum radiatum, whereas an increase was observed in the hilus (P < 0.04). With all subregions taken together, the hippocampus showed a decrease, whereas in the cortex, an increase in apoptosis was found after stress (P < 0.04). In a parallel and similar chronic stress study, post mortem morphometry of the same brain regions was performed, revealing mild decreases (7.6%) in entire hippocampal volume. We conclude that (i) low frequent apoptosis occurs throughout the adult tree shrew brain, and (ii) 28 days of chronic stress differentially affects its occurrence in distinct hippocampal subregions and entorhinal cortex. As previous stereological investigations failed to detect any loss in the principal neuronal layers, psychosocial stress, therefore, must affect other (structural) parameters like dendritic tree, interneurons, neurogenesis, or glia.     

分类决策树辅助盆腔MRI术前诊断子宫内膜癌伴卵巢恶性肿瘤

目的采用分类决策树方法,探索盆腔MRI结合患者临床信息在术前诊断子宫内膜癌合并卵巢恶性肿瘤中的价值。方法回顾性分析801例子宫内膜癌患者资料,其中伴卵巢恶性肿瘤者(EC-OMT组)58例,不伴者(EC组)743例,比较两组患者术前临床资料及盆腔MRI征象,计算盆腔MRI对子宫内膜癌合并卵巢恶性肿瘤的诊断效能,采用决策树模型筛选有效的术前诊断指标。结果 EC-OMT组子宫内膜病变浸润肌层深度超过EC组,其侵犯宫颈和宫角、发生腹盆腔淋巴结转移、腹膜转移的比例以及附件区发现肿物的比例均大于EC组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。两组间宫旁受累差异无统计学意义(1.72%vs 0.40%,P=0.26)。盆腔MRI术前诊断子宫内膜癌合并卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感度为51.72%(30/58),特异度为99.87%(742/743)。经决策树模型筛选出3项有诊断意义的指标:宫角受累、附件区肿物及血清CA125,诊断子宫内膜癌合并卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感度为89.66%(52/58)。结论采用分类决策树方法对盆腔MRI和相关临床信息建立决策树模型,可提高对子宫内膜癌合并卵巢恶性肿瘤的术前诊断敏感度。     

MRCP findings in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

OBJECTIVE: In this essay, we present the spectrum of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct abnormalities seen on MRCP in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. CONCLUSION: MRCP is a promising, noninvasive alternative to more invasive direct cholangiography for evaluating the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.     

胸部气道的CT研究

作者采用自己设计的两种扫描方法与常规扫描方法对照对６７例患者的正常气道的ＣＴ表现进行分析，比较不同扫描方法在显示气道方面的优劣。结果显示：常规ＣＴ扫描方法能显示大部分支气管分枝，最远可分辨亚段支气管，但对右侧Ｂ４、Ｂ５，左侧Ｂ２、ＬＢ、Ｂ４、Ｂ５及两侧Ｂ７、Ｂ８显示差；扫描架向头侧倾斜２５°能明显改善右侧Ｂ４、Ｂ５，左侧ＬＢ、Ｂ４、Ｂ５的显示情况。     

基于数据挖掘的低增生性骨髓增生异常综合征与再生障碍性贫血分类模型研究

目的 构建低增生性骨髓增生异常综合征(hypo-MDS)与再生障碍性贫血(AA)鉴别诊断的决策树、贝叶斯、卷积神经网络、改进的支持向量机四种模型并选择出最优模型.方法 收集2010-2019年华北理工大学附属医院的AA与hypo-MDS患者的病例资料,使用统计学方法筛选指标,将处理后的样本以4∶1随机分为训练集和测试集...     

滴灌条件下枣树耗水规律的研究

试验通过研究枣树的茎流来预测其耗水量,为合理灌溉提供科学依据。利用植物茎流计在滴灌条件下测定枣树的茎流变化,结果表明2010年5月15日的最大值出现在中午12∶00,达到1 834.28 g·h^-1,6月26日的最大茎流速率在13∶00,达到4 861.89 g·h^-1,7月20日最大值出现在15∶00,达到6 385.88 g·h^-1,8月10日最大茎流出现在16∶00,达到5 816.86 g·h^-1;最小茎流都是出现在凌晨4∶00～8∶00。5月份的日平均累计流量比较小,枣树在这个月的日平均耗水量反而最小,到了7、8月份,随着温度的升高和雨季的结束,枣树耗水量明显增加,8月的日平均耗水累计量最高;通过相关分析,地表最高温度和最高气温对枣树的茎流量影响较大。研究得出：土壤含水量是影响茎流的变化主要因素,其它环境因子对茎流的影响也很重要。     

Preparing anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent EIDD-2801 by a practical and scalable approach,and quick evaluation via machine learning

EIDD-2801 is an orally bioavailable prodrug, which will be applied for emergency use authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID-19. To investigate the optimal parameters, EIDD-2801 was optimized via a four-step synthesis with high purity of 99.9%. The hydroxylamination procedure was telescoped in a one-pot and the final step was precisely controlled on reagents, temperature and reaction time. Compared to the original route, the yield of the new route was enhanced from 17% to 58% without column chromatography. The optimized synthesis has been successfully determinated on a decagram scale: the first step at 200 g and the final step at 20 g. Besides, the relationship between yield and temperature, time, and reagents in the deprotection step was investigated via Shapley value explanation and machine learning approach-decision tree method. The results revealed that reagents have the greatest impact on yield estimation, followed by the temperature.