Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of Ocimum Basilicum L. and Observation of the Inhibition Effect on Bacterial Cells by Use of Scanning Electron Microscopy

The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of O. basilucum exhibited the antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. While the chloroform and acetone extracts had no effect, the methanol extracts showed inhibition zones against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and two different strains of Escherichia coli. The cells of microorganisms, which were treated and untreated with plant extracts, were observed by using the scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the treated cells were damaged.     

A scanning electron microscopy study of the interface between ceramics and bone

By use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with energy dispersive chemical analysis, a study has been made of the comparison of an in vitro method of assessing interface reactions between bone and ceramic implants with the naturally occurring changes seen in the rat ear model. Interface reactions between bone and two ceramic materials were examined following 4 wk in culture and 4 wk implantation. In both cases a gradual chemical change occurred at the calcium silicate surface during the fibrous growth onto the ceramic material. Gradual mineralization of the connective fibres was found at the interface of the calcium silicate material, whereas, in the case of alumina ceramic a connective fibrous bond had formed with no associated chemical change at the ceramic surface.     

LAK细胞体外杀伤直肠腺癌细胞的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜观察体外LAK细胞与直肠腺癌细胞相互作用时的形态学变化。结果表明:LAK细胞与HR8348细胞均具有主动互相趋向运动,效靶细胞借其细胞突起及微绒毛相互接触。LAK细胞及肿瘤细胞的细胞突起及微绒毛由早期的平面接触逐渐发展为犬牙交错状结合。效靶细胞紧密结合后,靶细胞鼓泡,细胞膜出现环形穿孔。互相接触,结合的微绒毛及细胞突起在靶细胞的溶解过程中起到一个物理微桥的作用。LAK细胞分泌的杀伤物质通过微桥介导靶细胞的溶解。效靶细胞互相结合的微绒毛间形成关闭小室,它可能与维持局部杀伤物质浓度有关。     

HSV-1致Hela细胞凋亡的扫描电镜及透射电镜观察

目的 探讨HSV－1感染Hela细胞时,是否发生凋亡。方法 用扫描电镜及透射电镜观察感染72h的Hela细胞的形态变化。结果 正常的Hela细胞表面有丰富的微绒毛。细胞间隔清晰,可幼稚连接,连接不紧密。胞浆内线粒体嵴结构完整,并可大量的粗面内质网及游离核糖体,极少的脂滴。细胞核内多为常染色体,核仁清晰,核浆比约1：1。凋亡细胞中核内异染色质增多,染色质浓缩成块状,边集于核膜。线粒体轻度肿胀,溶酶体代偿性增多。核膜、胞膜、各细胞器膜均完整。坏死细胞的染色质呈不规则的团块状,但不象凋亡细胞那样集中于核周边。细胞膜、核膜和细胞器的结构破坏,线粒体空泡变,细胞崩解,胞浆及其内容物外泄。HSV－1感染的Hela细胞体积明显缩小,核浆比例明显增加。细胞表面的微绒毛断裂、减少,细胞膜球状突起。核膜完整,核致密,呈块状分布,边集于核膜。细胞膜、细胞器结构完整。可见出泡现象和凋亡小体形成现象。在胞核内可见病毒体。结论 ①HSV－1感染Hela细胞时,造成细胞死亡形式是核死亡形式即凋亡;②HSV－1感染Hela细胞时,细胞凋亡占绝对优势,同时伴有细胞坏死。     

Study of the substructure of the Morgagni and Brunescens cataract with the TAO non-coating technique

Lens tissue from a Morgagni cataract was examined by SEM and TEM. For SEM, after prefixation with glutaraldehyde and postfixation with the tannic acid/arginine/OsO₄ non-coating (TAO) technique, and for TEM, after prefixation with glutaraldehyde, postfixation with OsO₄/K₄Fe(CN)₆ and poststaining with uranyl acetate/lead citrate. The TAO technique seems to be a particularly suitable postfixation method for the SEM investigation of cararact tissue because of the presence of the protein structures present. The cortical region showed areas of radially, instead of concentrically, arranged lens fibres, degenerated lens fibres with holes (vacuoles), broken ball and socket connections between the lens fibres, and oval or spherical structures varying in size from 0.5–20 m, the largest resembling a golfball, arising from the cytoplasm of degenerating lens fibres. The smallest, 0.2–0.5 m, appear to have been expelled from the furrowed lens epithelium.     

医用胶根管充填材料的试验研究

目的探讨医用胶在根管治疗术中堵塞根管的密合程度及作用机制。方法应用显微镜、扫描电镜对医用胶根管充填材料和牙胶尖常规充填材料进行对比研究。结果医用胶根管充填材料在根管中质地均匀,根尖孔及根管壁充填密合。结论医用胶可以作为一种新型根管充填材料,应用于临床根管治疗术。     

八角莲及其近缘属植物叶表面的电镜扫描观察

目的：以扫描电镜观察八角莲及其近缘植物叶表面特征，用于鉴定。方法：对７种八角莲属植物及２种近缘植物的叶表面特征，以电镜扫描方法进行观察。结果：９种植物上下表皮的电镜扫描特征均不同，并列出检索表及照片。结论：电镜扫描结果可用于鉴别八角莲及其近缘植物。     

纤维素酶法提取黄芪多糖

目的研究纤维素酶处理对黄芪多糖提取效果的影响。方法以提取液的总糖和还原糖为考察指标,确定纤维素酶处理工艺。通过不同提取方法提取多糖及扫描电镜分析,探讨纤维素酶处理的效果。结果纤维素酶处理条件的优化为纤维素酶加入量为60U/g生药,酶处理时间90min,温度50℃。与对照工艺相比得率由24.4%提高至30.3%,增加率为24.2%,而多糖的质量分数基本不变。扫描电镜观察表明,纤维素酶明显地分解了黄芪原料中的部分结构多糖,药渣中的网状结构变得十分清晰。结论纤维素酶处理有助于黄芪多糖的提取,能显著提高黄芪多糖的得率。     

结构方程模型及其应用

目的探讨结构方程模型方法,并运用该方法分析医学领域培训效果的影响因素.方法应用结构方程模型对培训效果领域的数据进行拟合,建立相应的测量模型与结构模型,通过参数估计揭示出变量之间的关系;而后进行参数的合理性检验与模型的显著性检验.结果采用结构方程模型方法,拟合了医学成人教育领域培训效果的数据.结构模型决定系数为0.60,意味着结构模型解释了因变量变异的60%.拟合优度指数GFI=0.909,调整的拟合优度指数AGFI=0.891以及其他指标,表明运用结构方程模型,较好地拟合了数据,合理解释了影响培训效果的因素.结论模型提示,培训效果可以用工作技能、工作适应性的提高以及考核成绩来进行表述,而影响培训效果的因素则表现为行医资历、培训形式、专业与服务人口总量、培训需求和教育程度.     

酸蚀处理对新型自粘结树脂水门汀粘结强度的影响

目的:评价酸蚀处理对新型自粘结树脂水门汀Unicem与牙本质和牙釉质之间粘结强度的影响。方法:选取新鲜拔除的无龋坏人第三磨牙36个,制备颊侧牙本质粘结面和近、远中牙釉质粘结面,随机分为3组,每组12个牙,分别选用Unicem、磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem和Panavia F(对照组)进行粘结处理,分别测试牙本质、牙釉质粘结强度,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果:在牙本质粘结强度上,Unicem组(12.84±2.29 MPa)与Panavia F组(14.93±3.73 MPa)之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem组(9.12±1.54 MPa)(P<0.05);牙釉质粘结强度上,磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem组(17.24±7.62 MPa)和Panavia F组(17.99±3.66 MPa)无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于Unicem组(6.47±1.54MPa)(P<0.05)。结论:酸蚀处理可以显著提高自粘结树脂水门汀Unicem牙釉质粘结强度,却降低了牙本质粘结效果。