How to Translate Technology: from Bench to Bedside at the University of Minnesota

The unique people and processes within the University of Minnesota’s Office for Technology Commercialization are focused on developing discoveries through to commercialization, advancing scientific research from the bench to the bedside.     

先天性垂体功能减退症研究进展

先天性垂体功能减退症是一种比较罕见的内分泌疾病,多由于垂体本身基因突变、围生期损伤或者缺氧所致.文章主要从垂体功能减退症病因学方面进行综述,着重从与垂体发育有关基因突变方面进行阐述,同时也包括最近临床分型、MRI诊断方面以及预后方面的进展.最后指出要重视改善患者生存质量和减少社会负担.     

关于针灸学科研的思考

中医针灸走向世界，机遇仅提供了条件，方法则是关键，上世纪70年代，中医朝鲜族地刺麻醉，针刺镇痛治疗多种疼痛性疾病作为突破口，获得相当的成功，掀起了针灸热，使世界医学界对古老的针灸学刮目相看，本文从中医针灸科研方法论、中医针灸科研价值观和中医针灸科研的途径等3方面，对针灸科研进行思考。     

中药及有效成分靶向M1/M2巨噬细胞极化平衡治疗炎症性肠病的研究进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）分为溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病，是一种与免疫功能紊乱密切相关的慢性复发性炎症性胃肠道疾病。IBD的发病机制与遗传易感性、免疫功能障碍、环境改变和肠道微生物群紊乱密切相关。现代研究发现，巨噬细胞极化在IBD发生发展中占有重要地位，能够影响炎症反应水平、肠道黏膜修复及肠道微生物群平衡等，是治疗IBD的潜在靶点。越来越多的研究表明，中药及其有效成分能够通过多途径调节巨噬细胞极化，平衡M1/M2巨噬细胞比率，从而抑制炎症反应，促进肠黏膜修复，减缓IBD的进一步发展。该文通过总结巨噬细胞极化的生物学过程与涉及靶点，详述其在IBD中的影响。同时对中药及其有效成分能够通过调控巨噬细胞极化改善IBD的最新研究作简要综述，以期为中医药治疗IBD更好应用于临床提供新方向与新策略。     

早期小剂量甘露醇治疗进展性脑梗死的临床观察

目的观察早期小剂量甘露醇治疗进展性脑梗死的疗效。方法86例进展性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各43例，比较两组疗效。结果治疗组神经功能缺损评分达到统计学差异（P〈0．05），治疗组优于对照组。结论小剂量甘露醇治疗进展性脑梗死疗效明显优于对照组，方法简单，经济适用。     

Progress on the development of human in vitro dendritic cell based assays for assessment of the sensitizing potential of a compound

Allergic contact dermatitis is the result of an adaptive immune response of the skin to direct exposure to an allergen. Since many chemicals are also allergens, European regulations require strict screening of all ingredients in consumer products. Until recently, identifying a potential allergen has completely relied on animal testing (e.g.: Local Lymph Node Assay). In addition to the ethical problems, both the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive and REACH have stimulated the development of alternative tests for the assessment of potential sensitizers. This review is aimed at summarising the progress on cell based assays, in particular dendritic cell based assays, being developed as animal alternatives. Primary cells (CD34⁺ derived dendritic cells, monocyte derived dendritic cells) as well as dendritic cell-like cell lines (THP-1, U-937, MUTZ-3, KG-1, HL-60, and K562) are extensively described along with biomarkers such as cell surface markers, cytokines, chemokines and kinases. From this review, it can be concluded that no single cell based assay nor single marker is yet able to distinguish all sensitizers from non-sensitizers in a test panel of chemicals, nor is it possible to rank the sensitizing potential of the test chemicals. This suggests that sensitivity and specificity may be increased by a tiered assay approach. Only a limited number of genomic and proteomic studies have been completed until now. Such studies have the potential to identify novel biomarkers for inclusion in future assay development. Although progress is promising, this review suggests that it may be difficult to meet the up and coming European regulatory deadlines.     

手术探查和高温灌肠联合治疗老年自发结肠穿孔20例临床观察

目的:探讨手术探查联合高温灌肠治疗老年自发性结肠穿孔的临床治疗效果。方法:自发性结肠穿孔患者39例,按照住院床位单双号法随机分为两组,治疗组20例,采用手术探查、结肠穿孔修补术联合灌肠治疗;对照组19例,仅采用手术探查治疗、结肠穿孔修补术。比较两组临床疗效。结果:治疗组显效12例,有效6例,无效1例,总有效率90.0%;对照组分别为8例、6例、3例,总有效率为73.7%;治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组复发1例,复发率为5%;对照组复发2例,复发率为10.5%。结论:手术探查和高温灌肠联合治疗结肠自发性穿孔效果良好,值得临床应用。