林胜友巧用麻杏石甘汤诊疗放射性肺损伤学术经验

[目的]探讨林胜友主任中医师运用麻杏石甘汤治疗放射性肺损伤疾病的临证经验。[方法]通过临床跟诊及患者反馈,收集相关资料,从放射性肺损伤的研究背景、治则治法、分证论治、用药特点等方面来论述相关学术经验及临床体会,并分析验案一例。[结果]林胜友主任中医师治疗放射性肺损伤以清法贯穿全程,兼以补、通二法,治要扶正祛邪,以平为期。临床上放射性肺损伤患者初起热毒炽盛,法当清肺泻火,方选麻杏石甘汤,日久不愈伤津耗气治酌选益气养阴、补肺健脾之法,久病及肾当阴阳兼顾则,平补肾脏,又各期均可夹痰夹瘀,临床当活血养血,通络利痰。[结论]运用麻杏石甘汤治疗放射性肺损伤疾病疗效确切,对于中医临床工作有一定指导意义。     

稀土三元/TMAF体系催化二氧化碳与环氧丙烷交替共聚及机理研究

在稀土三元催化体系（三氯乙酸钇-二乙基锌-甘油）中加入相转移剂四甲基氟化铵（TMAF）,并用于催化二氧化碳和环氧丙烷交替共聚。采用核磁共振（¹H-NMR）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、差示扫描量热（DSC）、热重分析（TG）和原位傅里叶转换红外光谱（in situ FT-IR）等对聚合过程和产物结构性能进行表征分析。采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的分子模拟方法对聚合起始步骤链增长机理进行探究。研究结果表明：稀土三元/TMAF催化体系可以在不改变聚合特征和共聚物结构性能的情况下,得到高达4 740.6 g/mol（1 mol Zn催化得到聚合物的质量）的催化活性,且将催化剂诱导期从100 min缩短至20 min。机理研究表明：环氧丙烷的插入步骤为反应的速控步骤,且该步骤所需克服的吉布斯自由能能垒随模型催化剂活性锌中心的自然成键轨道电荷的增加而降低,环状链增长机理中二氧化碳的插入并“返咬”成环所需克服的吉布斯自由能能垒很高,进一步证实了二氧化碳和环氧丙烷共聚反应更倾向于遵循链状链增长聚合机理形成聚碳酸亚丙酯。     

Schiff碱稀土金属配合物对辐射导致肿瘤细胞DNA损伤及？…

的　Schiff碱具有抗瘤抑菌活性 ,其抗癌作用与其对肿瘤细胞DNA的破坏有关。方法　利用脉冲电场凝胶电泳 (PFGE)的方法 ,观察了某种Schiff碱稀土金属化合物对肿瘤细胞DNA双链断裂及修复的影响。结果　该化合物能够增加辐射导致的DNA双链断裂的生成 ,并抑制其修复。结论　Schiff碱稀土金属配合物能提高肿瘤细胞对辐射的敏感性 ,为开发放化疗修饰剂提供了新的研究方向     

Schiff碱稀土金属配合物对辐射导致肿瘤细胞DNA损伤及修复的影响

目的 Schiff碱具有抗瘤抑菌活性, 其抗癌作用与其对肿瘤细胞DNA的破坏有关。方法 利用脉冲电场凝胶电泳(PFGE)的方法, 观察了某种Schiff碱稀土金属化合物对肿瘤细胞DNA双链断裂及修复的影响。结果 该化合物能够增加辐射导致的DNA双链断裂的生成, 并抑制其修复。结论 Schiff碱稀土金属配合物能提高肿瘤细胞对辐射的敏感性, 为开发放化疗修饰剂提供了新的研究方向。     

Societal shifts due to COVID-19 reveal large-scale complexities and feedbacks between atmospheric chemistry and climate change

The COVID-19 global pandemic and associated government lockdowns dramatically altered human activity, providing a window into how changes in individual behavior, enacted en masse, impact atmospheric composition. The resulting reductions in anthropogenic activity represent an unprecedented event that yields a glimpse into a future where emissions to the atmosphere are reduced. Furthermore, the abrupt reduction in emissions during the lockdown periods led to clearly observable changes in atmospheric composition, which provide direct insight into feedbacks between the Earth system and human activity. While air pollutants and greenhouse gases share many common anthropogenic sources, there is a sharp difference in the response of their atmospheric concentrations to COVID-19 emissions changes, due in large part to their different lifetimes. Here, we discuss several key takeaways from modeling and observational studies. First, despite dramatic declines in mobility and associated vehicular emissions, the atmospheric growth rates of greenhouse gases were not slowed, in part due to decreased ocean uptake of CO₂ and a likely increase in CH₄ lifetime from reduced NO_x emissions. Second, the response of O₃ to decreased NO_x emissions showed significant spatial and temporal variability, due to differing chemical regimes around the world. Finally, the overall response of atmospheric composition to emissions changes is heavily modulated by factors including carbon-cycle feedbacks to CH₄ and CO₂, background pollutant levels, the timing and location of emissions changes, and climate feedbacks on air quality, such as wildfires and the ozone climate penalty.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have provided a way to observationally test predictions of future atmospheric composition. This is illustrated conceptually in Fig. 1. With many people working from home and limiting travel, the pandemic caused a significant decrease in anthropogenic emissions. These emissions reductions can be thought of as a jump forward in time to a future where additional systemic emissions controls have been adopted. However, because these changes occurred in a matter of months, the changes to the concentrations of key air quality (AQ) and climate-relevant gases in the atmosphere were readily observable. Combining these observations with current state-of-science models allows us an important window into the underlying processes governing the response of the Earth system to reductions in anthropogenic emissions and thus a preview of the relative effectiveness of different emissions-control strategies.Open in a separate windowFig. 1Illustration of the conceptual foundation for this study. The COVID-19–induced reductions in human activity led to reduced anthropogenic emissions. The fact that these reductions occurred over months rather than decades allows us to observe how the atmosphere, land, and ocean are likely to respond in a future scenario with stricter emissions controls. This analysis helps to identify effective pathways to mitigate air pollution and climate-relevant GHG emissions. Image credit: Chuck Carter (Keck Institute for Space Studies, Pasadena, CA).Our goal is to synthesize some of the key results from the past year into a coherent understanding of what we have learned about the effectiveness of different strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve AQ. We briefly highlight individual components of the changes in composition (which are well-described in the literature) but focus on the interactions and feedbacks between different parts of the Earth system. We will do so in four parts. First, we summarize the observed changes in anthropogenic emissions during 2020. Second, we examine how the reduction in CO₂ emissions impacted the atmospheric CO₂ growth rate. Third, we show that the response of AQ to NO_x emissions reductions differs for cities around the world and depends strongly on the interaction with meteorology. We focus on ozone and nitrate particulate matter (PM) as key AQ metrics that are strongly driven by NO_x emissions. Fourth, we discuss the implications of these results for future AQ improvement strategies; our understanding of processes controlling GHG concentrations in the atmosphere; feedbacks between AQ, GHGs, and climate; and, finally, close by identifying strengths and gaps in our current observing networks. We draw three primary conclusions from this synthesis:

• 1.Despite drastic reductions in mobility and resulting vehicular emissions during 2020, the growth rates of GHGs in the atmosphere were not slowed.
• 2.The lack of clear declines in the atmospheric growth rates of CO₂ and CH₄, despite large reductions in human activity, reflect carbon-cycle feedbacks in air–sea carbon exchange, large interannual variability in the land carbon sink, and the chemical lifetime of CH₄. These feedbacks foreshadow similar challenges to intentional mitigation.
• 3.The response of AQ to emissions changes is heavily modulated by factors including background pollutant levels, the timing and location of emissions changes, and climate-related factors like heat waves and wildfires. Achieving robust improvements to AQ thus requires sustained reductions of both air pollutant (AP) and GHG emissions.

     

Fiber Reinforced Compressed Earth Blocks: Evaluating Flexural Strength Characteristics Using Short Flexural Beams

There are ongoing research efforts directed at addressing strength limitations of compressed earth blocks (CEB) that inhibit their deployment for structural applications, particularly in areas where masonry systems are regularly subjected to lateral loads from high winds. In this paper, the authors focus specifically on the extent to which polypropylene (PP) fibers can be used to enhance the flexural performance of CEB. Cementitious matrices used for CEB production exhibit low tensile and flexural strength (brittle) properties. This work investigates plain (unreinforced) and fiber-reinforced specimens (short flexural beams) with fiber mass content of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0% and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) content of 8%. The influence of the inclusion of fiber was based on tests conducted using the Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (ASTM C1609). Material properties that were quantified included first-peak strength, peak strength, equivalent flexural strength, residual strength, and flexural toughness. There was an observed improvement in the performance of the soil-fiber matrixes based on these results of these tests. It was also observed that when the fiber content exceeded 0.6% and above, specimens exhibited a deflection- hardening behavior; an indication of improvement in ductility. An equivalent flexural strength predictive model is proposed.     

Energy Transfer Studies in Tb3+-Yb3+ Co-Doped Phosphate Glasses

Detailed optical properties of Tb³⁺-Yb³⁺ co-doped phosphate glasses were performed based on their emission spectra and decay measurements. Under blue excitation of Tb³⁺ at 488 nm, the intensity of Yb³⁺ emissions gradually enhanced upon increasing the Yb³⁺ content until 1 mol% indicated an energy transfer from Tb³⁺ to Yb³⁺. Otherwise, under near infrared excitation of Yb³⁺ at 980 nm, these glasses exhibit intense green luminescence, which led to cooperative sensitization of the ⁵D₄ level of Tb³⁺ ions. A cooperative energy transfer mechanism was proposed on the basis of the study on the influence of Yb³⁺ concentration on up-conversion emission intensity, as well as the dependence of this up-conversion intensity on near infrared excitation power. Moreover, the temporal evolution of the up-conversion emissions have been studied, which was in positive agreement with a theoretical model of cooperative up-conversion luminescence that showed a temporal emission curve with rise and decay times of the involved levels.     

Effect of Ceramic Formation on the Emission of Eu3+ and Nd3+ Ions in Double Perovskites

Herein, the structure, morphology, as well as optical properties of the powder and ceramic samples of Ba₂MgWO₆ are presented. Powder samples were obtained by high temperature solid-state reaction, while, for the ceramics, the SPS technique under 50-MPa pressure was applied. The morphology of the investigated samples showed some agglomeration and grains with a submicron size of 490–492 µm. The theoretical density and relative density of ceramics were calculated using the Archimedes method. The influence of sample preparation on the position, shape, and character of the host, as well as dopants emission was investigated. Sample sintering enhances regular emission of WO₆ groups causing a blue shift of Ba₂MgWO₆ emission. Nonetheless, under X-ray excitation, only the green emission of inversion WO₆ group was detected. For the ceramic doped with Eu³⁺ ions, the emission of both host and dopant was detected. However, for the powder efficient host to activator energy, the transfer process occurred, and only the magnetic dipole emission of Eu³⁺ was detected. The intensity of Nd³⁺ ions of Ba₂MgWO₆ powder sample is five times higher than for the ceramic. The sintering process reduces inversion defects and creates a highly symmetrical site of neodymium ions. The emission of Ba₂MgWO₆:Nd³⁺ consists of transitions from the ⁴F_3/2 excited level to the ⁴I_J multiplet states with the dominance of the ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_11/2 one. The spectroscopic quality parameter and branching ratio of Nd³⁺ emission are presented.     

Mud-Based Construction Material: Promising Properties of French Gravel Wash Mud Mixed with Byproducts,Seashells and Fly Ash as a Binder

The French gravel industry produces approximatively 6.5 million tons of gravel wash mud each year. This material offers very promising properties which require an in-depth characterization study before its use as a construction material, otherwise it is removed from value cycles by disposal in landfills. We examined the suitability of gravel wash mud and seashells, with fly ash as a binder, as an unfired earth construction material. Thermal and mechanical characterizations of the smart mixture composed of gravel wash mud, Crepidula fornicata shells and fly ash are performed. The new specimens exhibit high compressive strengths compared to usual earth construction materials, which appears as a good opportunity for a reduction in the thickness of walls. The use of fly ash and Crepidula shells in addition to gravel wash mud provides high silica and calcium contents, which both react with clay, leading to the formation of tobermorite and Al-tobermorite as a result of a pozzolanic reaction. Considering the reduction in porosity and improvements in strength, these new materials are good candidates to contribute significantly to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and reduce carbon emissions.     

抑木扶土法治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的理论及临床探讨

[目的]探讨抑木扶土法治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion,RVO-ME)的理论依据及临床疗效。[方法]根据RVO-ME病程迁延、反复发作的特点,通过"土虚木乘""木旺乘土"两个方面,阐述抑木扶土法治疗RVO-ME的理论依据,并阐明抑木扶土方——逍络方的组方意义,举病案佐证。[结果]RVO-ME与肝郁、脾虚有关,临床应用逍络方抑木扶土、活血化瘀治疗效果明显;通过案例证明逍络方能够减轻RVO-ME患者黄斑水肿,提高最佳矫正视力,且长期疗效良好。[结论]抑木扶土法治疗RVO-ME疗效明显,临床应用前景良好,为RVO-ME的治疗提供了新方法。