Preparation and Characterization of Glass-Ceramic Foam from Clay-Rich Waste Diatomaceous Earth

In this study, the potential use of waste diatomaceous earth from the production of diatomaceous earth for filtration purposes, as an alternative raw material for foam glass production, was explored. The chemical and mineralogical composition and the high temperature behavior of waste diatomite were studied to assess its suitability for foam glass production. Glass-ceramic foams were prepared using NaOH solution as a foaming agent, via a hydrate mechanism. The influence of different pretreatments and firing temperatures on the foam’s structure, bulk density and compressive strength was investigated. High temperature behavior was studied using TG/DTA analysis and high temperature microscopy. Phase composition was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis. Glass-ceramic foam samples of a high porosity comparable to conventional foam glass products were fabricated. The pretreatment temperature, foaming temperature and sintering holding time were found to have a significant influence on foam properties. With increased pretreatment temperature, pyrogenic carbon from the thermal decomposition of organic matter contained in the raw material acted as an additional foaming agent and remained partially unoxidized in prepared foams. The bulk densities of prepared samples ranged from 150 kg/m³ to 510 kg/m³ and their compressive strengths were between 140 and 1270 kPa.     

Comparison of Corrosion Performance of Extruded and Forged WE43 Mg Alloy

Adjusting the microstructure through the deformation process is one of the ways to improve the properties of Mg alloys. Most studies have focused on the influence of the microstructure after deformation treatment on the mechanical properties of Mg alloys. In this paper, extruded and forged Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr alloys were selected to investigate the corrosion performance of two deformed magnesium alloys immersed in 0.6 M NaCl solution using a hydrogen evolution test, a weight loss test, an immersion experiment, and an electrochemical test. The results showed that WE43 alloys undergoing different deformation treatments presented different microstructures, which led to different corrosion behaviors and corrosion resistance. The extruded WE43 alloy showed uniform corrosion, while the forged WE43 alloy suffered severe local galvanic corrosion. Meanwhile, the corrosion rate of the forged WE43 alloy was about four times faster than that of the extruded WE43 alloy.     

The Influence of Clay Structures to the Hygrothermal Component of the Indoor Environment

In this article, research on the sorption properties of clay materials in comparison with commonly used building materials is published. The topic is mainly focused on the dynamic sorption properties and their influence on the relative humidity in the indoor environment. The results of comparisons of clay structures, rammed earth panels, clay plaster, and unburned bricks, with commonly used building materials, concrete, lime plaster, and gypsum board are examined. Statistically evaluated results in the form of confidence intervals are presented and the rate of dynamic sorption is analyzed. It is clear from the results that clay materials have a positive effect on the rapid adsorption and desorption of air moisture in the interior of buildings. However, there are many variables, band not every clay material has such excellent sorption properties.     

稀土微肥对当归生长发育及产量品质的影响

目的 探讨不同种类及不同浓度的稀土微肥对当归生长发育及产量品质的影响。方法 采取单因子随机区组试验设计，选用不同浓度的硝酸稀土微肥和氯化稀土微肥作为叶面肥进行喷施处理，测定当归生长发育及指标成分。结果 喷施0.8 g·mL^-1氯化稀土微肥可以提高当归经济产量，亩产（1亩≈667 m²）鲜重达855.4 kg，干重产量达350.7 kg/亩，较空白1（CK1）分别增产了15.16%，28.70%。喷施1.2 g·mL^-1硝酸稀土微肥能促进当归生长发育，显著提高指标成分含量，株高达93.05 cm，茎粗达15.60 mm，根粗达16.10 mm，主根长为36.5 cm，叶片数最多为11.25片/株，较空白2（CK2）提高了32.76%，31.98%，41.98%，53.36%，45.16%；阿魏酸、挥发油、藁本内酯、浸出物成分含量最高，分别是0.96%，0.41%，0.30%，48.76%，较CK2分别提高了12.94%，17.14%，11.11%，12.07%。结论 喷施0.8 g·mL^-1氯化稀土微肥和1.2 g·mL^-1硝酸稀土微肥可以促进当归药材生长发育，改善药材性状，提高药材产量与品质，在当归标准化栽培中可推广应用，可以改变当归依赖化肥、施肥单一的生产现状，促进当归绿色有机、生态化栽培。     

A New Method of Diatomaceous Earth Fractionation—A Bio-Raw Material Source for Epoxy-Based Composites

The authors of this paper use an original method of diatomaceous earth fractionation, which allows for obtaining a filler with a specific particle size distribution. The method makes it possible to separate small, disintegrated and broken diatom frustules from those which maintained their original form in diatomaceous earth. The study covers a range of tests conducted to prove that such a separated diatomic fraction (3–30 µm) shows features different from the base diatomite (from 1 to above 40 µm) used as an epoxy resin filler. We have examined the mechanical properties of a series of diatomite/resin composites, considering the weight fraction of diatoms and the parameters of the composite production process. The studied composites of Epidian 601 epoxy resin cross-linked with amine-based curing agent Z-1 contained 0 to 70% vol. of diatoms or diatomaceous earth. Samples were produced by being casted into silicone molds in vacuum degassing conditions and, alternatively, without degassing. The results have shown that the size and morphology of the filler based on diatomaceous earth affects mechanical and rheological properties of systems based on epoxy resin. Elongation at rupture and flexural stress at rupture were both raised by up to 35%, and impact strength by up to 25%.     

理论创新是科学进步的里程碑

传统中医药学是一门自然科学,已经历了数千年的发展和进步,其进步的标志不在于一方一药的发现,而在于历代医家通过自己的临床实践发前人之未发而总结起来的各家学说及某些新理论。迄今为止,公认的中医学各家学说有七大派。认为人体体质学是自明清以来形成的一个学派。能否被公认,还要等待历史的审定,是不以个人的意志为转移的。此外,扼要地介绍了提出来的新理论,主要有:"人体新系"猜想,"天地人三才医学"模式,"天人同构"论,"整体制约"论,调控情绪的"三棱镜理论","心肾为先天之本,肺脾为后天之本"等。其他新概念,新名词难计其数了。     

从调控TNKS2/APC蛋白探讨培土生金法对非小细胞肺癌转移干预的体外研究

[目的]基于培土生金理论探讨经方黄土汤含药血清通过调控端锚聚合酶2(tankyrase 2,TNKS2)/腺瘤样息肉病(adenomatous polyposis coli,APC)蛋白抑制非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)转移的作用机制。[方法]采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction,q PCR)筛选出人肺癌细胞株A549、PC9、H125、H647细胞中的TNKS2高表达细胞系H647以及低表达细胞系A549,再利用慢病毒构建A549 TNKS2过表达细胞系以及H647 TNKS2干扰细胞系。选取体质量为200g的雄性SD大鼠,以浓度为7.8g·mL-1的黄土汤水煎剂灌胃,1周后分离含药血清。通过细胞划痕实验检测经TNKS2基因表达变化、黄土汤含药血清干预以及黄土汤含药血清联合TNKS2基因表达变化干预后,H647和A549细胞迁移能力变化。将细胞分成黄土汤含药血清+H647siRNA干扰组、H647siRNA干扰组、黄土汤含药血清+A549过表达组及A549过表达组4组,以Western blot法检测TNKS2蛋白和APC蛋白表达变化。[结果]A549、H125、PC9以及H647细胞随着细胞恶性程度增加,qPCR结果显示其TNKS2基因表达量随之增加。H647细胞TNKS2基因表达明显高于A549、H125、PC9细胞系,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.01);A549和H125细胞TNKS2基因表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。划痕试验结果显示TNKS2基因高表达细胞系迁移能力较强,黄土汤含药血清能够抑制A549、H647细胞迁移能力(P<0.01,P<0.001),也能抑制经TNKS2基因作用后的A549、H647细胞迁移能力(P<0.05,P<0.001)。Western blot结果显示,黄土汤含药血清能抑制TNKS2基因过表达的A549细胞中TNKS2表达(P<0.05),调高经TNKS2基因干扰的H647细胞中APC表达(P<0.05)。[结论]培土生金法对恶性程度不同的NSCLC细胞转移均有抑制作用,可通过下调TNKS2表达或诱导抑癌蛋白APC表达,从而影响NSCLC的发生、发展、转移。     

中土五行理论中脏腑与情志的关系研究

通过分析中土五行理论,结合医案医论与中医基本理论综合讨论肝血、心神、肺气、肾精,四脏及血气精神与情志的关系。认为中土五行理论可以解释情志的发生发展,在正常情志发生中,心肝二脏所藏精气及气机升降关系直接相关,肺肾二脏间接相关;而脾胃是情志发生的基础。其作用包括两个方面,一是化生气血精神为情志发生的基础,二是脾胃气机升降为正常情志的发生方式。情志病会引起脾胃功能失常从而使病情进一步恶化,把握住中土化生气血为气机枢纽是防治情志病的关键。     

肺脾相关理论及临床应用研究

肺与脾生理病理关系紧密。生理上,脾与肺在五行中母子相生,它们共同维持机体气机升降出入,输布全身津液,它们经脉相联; 病理上,脾与肺相互影响。病机上,饮食不节、痰湿内生、内外合邪、脾胃不和均影响到肺或脾,进而肺脾均病。临床上常见肺脾症状相兼出现的疾病,并且相互影响加重病情,西医对此没有很好的治疗方法。中医根据肺脾相关理论,治疗上采用肺脾同调的治疗原则,理肺时不忘补脾,补脾时还须理肺。经典名方四君子汤、补中益气汤、玉屏风散、麦门冬汤、参苓白术散、升降散均采用了肺脾同调的组方原则,疗效甚佳。本文将从中医肺脾相关理论出发为治疗肺脾相兼疾病提供新思路。     

Rare earth elements in Oolong tea and their human health risks associated with drinking tea

In this study, the content of rare earth oxides (REOs) in made teas and infusions of 57 Oolong tea samples was investigated because when compared to other teas, Oolong tea is believed to contain a higher amount of REOs. The risks of REOs in Oolong tea to human health arising from drinking tea were assessed. The content of rare earth oxides (∑REOs) in the various types of Oolong tea varied from 0.62 to 10.1 mg/kg, 71.9–79.6% of which consisted of Ce, La, Y, and Nd. One-time infusion and five times successive infusions resulted in leached rates of 9.86–17.4% and 25.8–32.6% of the total REOs, respectively. The leached REOs increased with TOC in tea infusions. The proposed DAI_tea (daily allowable intake, 42 μg) would be exceeded when the content of REOs in Oolong tea was greater than 6.84 mg/kg based on the calculation with the highest consumption rate of Oolong tea (15 g/day) and the highest leached rate (41.0%). Among the tea samples studied, only 1.8% of the samples exhibited an REO content of greater than 6.84 mg/kg. Thus, in general, the intake of REOs by drinking Oolong tea is negligible.