Oxide Metallurgy Technology in High Strength Steel: A Review

Oxide metallurgy technology plays an important role in inclusion control and is also applied to improve the weldability of high strength steel. Based on the requirements of the weldability in high strength steel, the influencing factors of weld heat affected zone (HAZ) as well as the development and application status of oxide metallurgy technology are summarized in this review. Moreover, the advantages and difficulties in the application of rare earth (RE) oxide metallurgy technology are analyzed, combined with the performance mechanism of RE and its formation characteristics of fine and high melting point RE inclusions with distribution dispersed in liquid steel. With the weldability diversities of different high strength steels, the research status of weldability of high strength steel with high carbon equivalent and the effects of RE on the microstructure and properties of HAZ are discussed, and some suggestions about further research in the future are proposed.     

雷区自控系统防雷措施探讨

详细介绍了雷击的形成和种类，在工程设计中应采取的防雷击措施。     

稀土矿山水系中稀土的形态分布及迁移

本文研究了稀土矿山水系中稀土的形态及分布。原水中的稀土主要是水溶态。胶体和悬浮物中稀土存在离子交换态,碳酸盐化合态、铁铝共沉淀态和有机结合态,其中以碳酸盐化合态为主,铁铝共沉淀态为次。底泥中也存在上述四种化学形态,但以铁铝共沉淀态为主,碳酸盐结合态为次,有机结合态一般较少。离子交换态在底泥中分布较平稳,在胶体和悬浮物中变幅较大。稀土的迁移和沉降受pH控制,并受排入水体物质和粘土矿物量影响。     

血稀土负荷水平与居民健康状况关系的研究

目的：研究长期低剂量暴露居民血稀土负荷水平及其与健康的关系。方法：选择长期生活在江西寻乌离子型稀土矿区中心地带两行政村居民为暴露组，同县的非稀土矿区一行政村居民为对照组；用ICP－MS测血稀土负荷水平，同时检测反映机体健康状况的25项指标，用SPSS进行资料分析。结果：暴露组与对照组各调查328人和284人，平均血稀土总量分别为4．929和1．684μg/L，暴露组血稀土总量和15种稀土元素分量均显著高于对照组（P＝0．000）。血稀土元素中，含量最高的为La，其次为Ce、Nd，在暴露组和对照组中，3种元素之和分别占总量的68．72％和68．62％。暴露组与对照组相比，收缩压降低，脉搏加快，手提转速减慢，白细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板、血钙、血糖等指标降低；其中血红蛋白、血小板、血钙、血糖低于正常值者较对照组显著增多。结论：暴露组血稀土负荷显著高于对照组，寻乌居民血稀土以La、Ce、Nd等轻稀土元素为主。居民的稀土暴露可能对血压、脉搏、神经反射、血细胞、血钙、血糖等有一定影响。     

稀土离子及其柠檬酸配合物诱导人红细胞的溶血作用

目的:研究稀土离子Ln3+及其柠檬酸根配合物[Ln(Cit)2]3-诱导人红细胞的溶血作用.方法:将不同浓度的Ln3+或[Ln(Cit)2]3-与人红细胞温育后,用分光光度法测定离心上清液中的血红蛋白浓度,计算相对溶血率H%.用外推法确定临界溶血浓度cH0.结果:14种稀土离子对人红细胞的临界溶血浓度cH0已经确定;发现[Ln(Cit)2]3-的H%～c关系曲线为非对称的"钟"型曲线,结论:稀土离子Ln3+具有较低的临界溶血浓度,这说明Ln3+与红细胞有较强的作用及细胞毒性.[Ln(Cit)2]3-诱导的人红细胞相对溶血率H%与稀土离子在介质中的物种分布有关.     

牛血清白蛋白、柠檬酸根和二价金属离子对人红细胞和兔小肠刷状缘囊泡摄取稀土离子的影响

目的:研究人红细胞(human erythrocytes,HRC)和兔小肠刷状缘囊泡(rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles,BBMV)对稀土离子Ln3+的摄入,以及牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)、柠檬酸根(Cit3-)和二价金属离子(M2+)的影响.方法:在溶液中有或无BSA (或Cit3-、Cu2+、Co2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、 Pb2+)的条件下,在HRC或提取的BBMV与Ln3+温育后,用ICP或ICP-MS测定HRC胞浆及膜或BBMV中Ln3+及M2+的含量.结果:被研究的Ce3+、Gd3+、Yb3+离子都能跨膜进入人红细胞,BSA 对Ce3+和Yb3+的跨膜输运有促进作用,但对Gd3+无影响.Pb2+、Cu2+、 Co2+、 Zn2+对HRC膜结合Ce3+量无影响,但Cu2+促进Ce3+跨膜进入细胞内.Ce3+促进细胞对Co2+摄入,但Co2+和Zn2+几乎完全抑制了Ce3+的跨膜输运.BBMV可以结合Ce3+、Gd3+、Lu3+和Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+ ; Cit3-抑制Ln3+的结合,抑制率随[Ln(Cit)2]3-稳定性增加而增加;Ce3+和Pb2+或Cd2+之间相互抑制其与BBMV的结合,但Cu2+促进Gd3+与BBMV的结合.结论:在HRC和BBMV对Ln3+和M2+的摄取中,Ln3+和M2+间存在着某些拮抗或协同作用,这些作用与Ln3+和M2+的性质有关.     

小儿哮喘缓解期治疗思路

小儿哮喘缓解期辨证应以培土生金、扶正治本为主,临床采用内外治相结合的综合疗法。通过缓解期的长期规范化治疗,可以有效地控制哮喘发作。同时加强患儿的饮食调适,体质调理,从而提高患儿的抗病能力,降低发病率,达到长期控制哮喘发作的目的。     

Structures of dolomite at ultrahigh pressure and their influence on the deep carbon cycle

Carbon-bearing solids, fluids, and melts in the Earth''s deep interior may play an important role in the long-term carbon cycle. Here we apply synchrotron X-ray single crystal micro-diffraction techniques to identify and characterize the high-pressure polymorphs of dolomite. Dolomite-II, observed above 17 GPa, is triclinic, and its structure is topologically related to CaCO₃-II. It transforms above 35 GPa to dolomite-III, also triclinic, which features carbon in [3 + 1] coordination at the highest pressures investigated (60 GPa). The structure is therefore representative of an intermediate between the low-pressure carbonates and the predicted ultra-high pressure carbonates, with carbon in tetrahedral coordination. Dolomite-III does not decompose up to the melting point (2,600 K at 43 GPa) and its thermodynamic stability demonstrates that this complex phase can transport carbon to depths of at least up to 1,700 km. Dolomite-III, therefore, is a likely occurring phase in areas containing recycled crustal slabs, which are more oxidized and Ca-enriched than the primitive lower mantle. Indeed, these phases may play an important role as carbon carriers in the whole mantle carbon cycling. As such, they are expected to participate in the fundamental petrological processes which, through carbon-bearing fluids and carbonate melts, will return carbon back to the Earth’s surface.     

扶土抑木推拿法在儿科疾病中的临床应用

目的 分析探讨在《保婴神术》的理论指导下,扶土抑木推拿法在儿科疾病中临床应用;方法 临床病案分析及文献研究;结果 扶土抑木推拿法能补脾疏肝,对因肝脾失调引起的儿科疾病如咳嗽、黄疸、夜啼、贫血具有良好的治疗效果;结论 扶土抑木推拿法治疗儿科疾病疗效显著。     

水杨羟肟酸功能化聚苯乙烯的制备及其与Tb(Ⅲ)离子配合物的荧光发射特性初探

凭借氯甲基化的聚苯乙烯（CMPS）与水杨羟肟酸（SHA）之间的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应,使SHA键合在聚苯乙烯( PS) 的侧链上,制备了改性聚苯乙烯(SHA/PS)。再使SHA/PS 与Tb(Ⅲ) 离子配位,制得高分子-稀土配合物Tb(Ⅲ)-SHA/PS。采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,考察了影响SHA与CMPS之间Friedel-Crafts 烷基化反应的主要因素。结果表明,当催化剂SnCl4用量为0.06 mL,35 ℃反应18 h时,SHA/PS上SHA的键合率高达33.1%。Tb(Ⅲ)-SHA/PS配合物不仅具有与Tb(Ⅲ)离子相似的荧光光谱,而且SHA/PS配体对Tb(Ⅲ)离子产生了显著的Antenna效应,使其荧光强度大幅增强。