扶土抑木推拿法在儿科疾病中的临床应用

目的 分析探讨在《保婴神术》的理论指导下,扶土抑木推拿法在儿科疾病中临床应用;方法 临床病案分析及文献研究;结果 扶土抑木推拿法能补脾疏肝,对因肝脾失调引起的儿科疾病如咳嗽、黄疸、夜啼、贫血具有良好的治疗效果;结论 扶土抑木推拿法治疗儿科疾病疗效显著。     

水杨羟肟酸功能化聚苯乙烯的制备及其与Tb(Ⅲ)离子配合物的荧光发射特性初探

凭借氯甲基化的聚苯乙烯（CMPS）与水杨羟肟酸（SHA）之间的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应,使SHA键合在聚苯乙烯( PS) 的侧链上,制备了改性聚苯乙烯(SHA/PS)。再使SHA/PS 与Tb(Ⅲ) 离子配位,制得高分子-稀土配合物Tb(Ⅲ)-SHA/PS。采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,考察了影响SHA与CMPS之间Friedel-Crafts 烷基化反应的主要因素。结果表明,当催化剂SnCl4用量为0.06 mL,35 ℃反应18 h时,SHA/PS上SHA的键合率高达33.1%。Tb(Ⅲ)-SHA/PS配合物不仅具有与Tb(Ⅲ)离子相似的荧光光谱,而且SHA/PS配体对Tb(Ⅲ)离子产生了显著的Antenna效应,使其荧光强度大幅增强。     

高频电刀使用安全与质量控制中关键因素的分析

目的：分析高频电刀质量控制中的各个关键因素,为质量控制工作提供具体参考,以保证质量控制的准确和规范。方法：从保护接地阻抗、阻容网络及测试误差等因素的定义、结构、量值及其他方面分析质量控制细节。结果：掌握高频电刀质量控制中的各个关键因素后,提高其可操作性,有效降低使用风险,提高医疗服务质量,保障患者和使用人员安全。结论：分析各个关键因素,对全面深入地做好高频电刀的质量控制工作具有重要意义。     

Ten-percent solar-to-fuel conversion with nonprecious materials

Direct solar-to-fuels conversion can be achieved by coupling a photovoltaic device with water-splitting catalysts. We demonstrate that a solar-to-fuels efficiency (SFE) > 10% can be achieved with nonprecious, low-cost, and commercially ready materials. We present a systems design of a modular photovoltaic (PV)–electrochemical device comprising a crystalline silicon PV minimodule and low-cost hydrogen-evolution reaction and oxygen-evolution reaction catalysts, without power electronics. This approach allows for facile optimization en route to addressing lower-cost devices relying on crystalline silicon at high SFEs for direct solar-to-fuels conversion.Distributed and grid-scale adoption of nondispatchable, intermittent, renewable-energy sources requires new technologies that simultaneously address energy conversion and storage challenges (1, 2). Coupling photovoltaics to drive catalytic fuel-forming reaction, such as water splitting to generate H₂, allows for direct solar-to-fuels conversion. The solar-generated H₂ can effectively be harnessed to electricity by fuel cell devices (3, 4) or converted to liquid fuels upon its combination with CO or CO₂ (5–7). For this technology to be effectively implemented, a solar-to-fuels conversion efficiency (SFE) of 10% or higher is desirable (8, 9).Direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting by a single absorber material has attracted a vast amount of attention (10, 11), and recent progress indicates improvements in the field (12, 13); but after decades of research, direct PEC faces three challenges to increase conversion efficiency: (i) Direct absorber band alignment is required to provide carriers with appropriate potential to both half reactions. Although such an alignment is difficult to achieve in a single material initially, any change in band alignment due to changing surface conditions can result in further efficiency degradation. This makes it challenging to design devices that maintain robust, high efficiencies in actual operation. (ii) The wide absorber bandgap (>1.23 eV; typically >1.6 eV) needed to drive the water-splitting reaction is not optimized for the solar spectrum, which results in a maximum SFE of only 7% (14–16). (iii) The absorbers are poor catalysts, and they are incapable of efficiently performing the four proton-coupled electron transfer chemistry (17–22) that is needed for water splitting.These deficiencies can be overcome by substituting a PEC device with a buried-junction photovoltaic (PV) device and an electrochemical catalyst (EC) system, forming a PV–EC tandem (23–27). In a buried-junction device, the electric field is generated at an internal junction within the semiconductor and is then coupled with water-splitting catalysts through ohmic contacts, which can either be conductive coatings directly deposited onto the PV or connected through wires to the electrodes. The buried junction relaxes the constraints imposed by a PEC device because it separates light absorption from catalysis, and does not require that the absorber be stable in aqueous electrolytes in which the pH regime for the absorber and best water-splitting catalyst may not be compatible. However, PV–EC devices have been viewed historically as too expensive to be economically viable, primarily because of the use of noble-metal water-splitting catalysts and expensive and/or low-efficiency PV devices. Indeed, the solar splitting of water by nonprecious materials and under simple conditions has long been identified to be a “holy grail” of solar energy conversion (28). We have pursued this goal by using a buried-junction device coated with transparent conducting oxides, overlaid with self-healing catalysts that self-assemble upon oxidation of Co²⁺ (29–36), Ni²⁺ (37–39), and Mn²⁺ (40, 41) ions in phosphate or borate electrolytes. These catalysts have shown great fidelity for interfacing with a variety of buried junctions (42–46) to deliver what is more commonly known as the artificial leaf (47). This approach is generally being adopted by others (48, 49).Efficiencies are predicted to be as high as 18% for PV–EC devices comprising series-connected single-junction PV devices and higher for multijunction PV devices (14–16). Of significant consequence to the design of PV–EC devices is the quickly changing landscape of silicon as a PV material. In the past 7 y, the price of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells has decreased by 86%, and the price of PV modules has dropped 77%. In the meantime, average commercial c-Si solar-cell efficiencies have increased to 17.5% for multicrystalline silicon and 19.5% for monocrystalline silicon (50, 51). We now report an approach that leverages c-Si solar cells and our nonprecious metal catalysts to furnish a solar-to-fuels device with an efficiency of 10%. Because a single c-Si solar cell is unable to provide enough voltage to drive the water-splitting reaction, we use multiple single-junction solar cells series connected into minimodules. Although this approach does not result in a monolithic structure in which catalysts are directly deposited on the PV device in a buried-junction configuration (e.g., an artificial leaf), the equivalent circuit for both constructs is identical (52). This approach allows for modular independent optimization, after which the components could be integrated into a monolithic design. Our device bears resemblance to recently reported copper indium gallium diselenide-based devices (53), but incorporates low-cost and nonprecious crystalline silicon solar cells and oxygen-evolution and hydrogen-evolution catalysts.     

含钕聚合物的制备及荧光性质

用复分解的方法制备了辛酸钕[Nd(OCA)_3]和甲基丙烯酸钕[Nd(MAA)_3];将它们分别加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸的混合体系,聚合后得到交联的[含Nd(MAA)_3]和非交联的[含有Nd(OCA)_3]二种聚合物。研究了上述钕的有机酸盐和二种含钕聚合物的荧光性质。     

开采离子型稀土矿床对环境水质影响的研究

本文研究了离子型稀土矿山开采对环境水质的影响。认为,如果废矿液得到良好的闭路循环,对水质的影响主要来自废渣。废渣淋滤水将工艺过程引入的化学物质及尾矿中金属离子带入水体,其中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、铅、镉应引起重视。稀土含量在水流中高于一般江河水10~4倍,应制定稀土的环境水质标准。     

扶命培土汤治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜64例临床观察

著名老中医专家萧佐桃教授认为原发性血小板减少性紫癜是因脾肾阳虚所致,故采用自拟补肝肾,益脾胃,助阳益阴、补髓生血之“扶命培土汤”治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜64例,总有效率90.6％.     

混合稀土硝酸盐对仔鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：了解混合稀土硝酸盐[RE(NO3)3]能否经胎盘进入仔鼠体内及RE（NO3）3对仔鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：小鼠妊娠7－8d开始经口灌胃，分别给予2，20，200mg/kgRE（NO3）3，对照组给与蒸馏水，直至生下仔鼠。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP－MS）检测F1代仔鼠体内稀土元素镧（La）、铈（Ce）、镨（Pr）、钕（Nd）的含量；分别测定刚离乳及离乳3周仔鼠免疫器官重量、脾抗体形成细胞数（IgM-PFC／脾）、迟发型变态反应（DTH）和巨噬细胞功能。结果：妊娠期母鼠经口灌胃RE（NO3）3后，20．0mg/kg组F1代仔鼠刚出生时体内稀土元素La高于对照组（P＜0．05）；200．0mg/kg组F1代仔鼠刚出生时体内稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd含量均明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）。F1代仔鼠刚离乳时，20．0mg/kg组仔鼠脾脏重量明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）；2．0mg/kg RE(NO3)3可明显增加IgM-PFC/脾（升高82．2％）；2．0，20．0mg/kg组碳粒廓清指数K值和吞噬指数α值均明显高于对照组（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）；2．0mg/kg RE（NO3）3对DTH有明显升高作用（P＜0．05）。F1代仔鼠离乳后3周各剂量组仔鼠脾脏重及其脏体比均明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）；200．0mg/kg RE（NO3）3对IgM-PFC／脾有明显的抑制作用（抑制率为36．9％），且对碳粒廓清指数K值和吞噬指数α也有明显的抑制作用（P＜0．05）。各剂量组DTH未见有明显改变。结论：RE（NO3）3可经胎盘转运进入仔鼠体内，且可对仔鼠免疫功能产生一定的影响，这些影响可能是RE（NO3）3经胎盘转运进入仔鼠体内的结果。     

稀土高分子发光材料研究的新进展

介绍了稀土高分子发光材料的发光机理及其发展历程，对其合成方法以及研究方向进行了综述，着重阐述了掺杂型和键合型稀土高分子发光材料研究的最新进展，并对其发展方向和应用前景作了展望。     

大鼠全血、毛发与其组织脏器中轻稀土元素含量相关性研究

目的研究稀土元素在大鼠组织脏器内的蓄积,评价全血和毛发可否作为稀土暴露水平的生物标志物。方法以雄性SD大鼠为试验对象,适应性喂养1周后剃去大鼠毛发,随机分为对照组和柠檬酸稀土低、中、高-I、高-II剂量组(共5组,每组10只)。对照组用35%柠檬酸钠溶液灌胃,其它各组用柠檬酸稀土溶液灌胃,剂量分别为50、500、5000(高-I)、5000(高-II)mg/kg bw。灌胃4周后,除高剂量II组外,其余各组大鼠处死并采集毛发、全血、肝脏、脾脏、股骨等组织脏器。高剂量II组大鼠停药并自由饲养4周后处死,采集同前所述的所有组织器官样品。用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定大鼠毛发、全血、肝脏、脾脏、股骨中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu轻稀土元素含量。结果稀土元素在组织脏器的蓄积浓度依次为:毛发>肝脏>脾脏>股骨>全血;稀土元素在毛发中的含量与肝、脾及股骨中含量均呈显著正相关,而在全血中的含量仅与脾脏和股骨中含量呈正相关。结论大鼠毛发中稀土元素含量与肝脏、脾脏及股骨显著正相关,比全血更适合作为稀土暴露水平的生物标志物。