Assessment of patient's pain-related behavior at physical examination may allow diagnosis of recent osteoporotic vertebral fracture

Background contextAlthough innumerable studies have analyzed the multiple aspects of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, no study has focused on the clinical features related to spine pain in patients with recent osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).PurposeTo determine whether the assessment of pain-related behavior (P-RB) of patients with osteoporotic VCFs of recent onset may allow the fracture to be strongly suspected, or even diagnosed, at physical examination.Study designPain-related behavior of elderly patients attending an outpatient spine clinic was evaluated on the basis of six consecutive movements made on the examining table.Patient sampleFifty-six patients complaining only of lumbar or thoracic pain. The fractured patients (FPs), representing the fracture group (FG), were the 19 who had a recent VCF, whereas the control group (CG) consisted of the remaining 37 patients.MethodsAssessment of P-RB was based on six parameters: grimacing, sighing, clenching or blocking eyelids, gaping or strongly tightening the lips, need for help to take positions, and extreme difficulty to turn in the prone position. A score of 1 or a decimal was assigned to each parameter, the final score to each patient being 0 to 6. Three types of injury, acute (I), subacute (II), or chronic (III), were identified on the basis of the time elapsed from the probable occurrence of the fracture. The diagnosis of recent fracture was based on magnetic resonance images. Patients were videotaped during their movements. An examiner, unaware of the clinical history and diagnosis, gave a P-RB score to all patients and indicated whether they had to be placed in FG or CG, and also their presumable type of fracture. Subsequently, a DVD with the videotapes of all patients was given to three independent examiners, not specifically expert of spine conditions, who were asked to make the same evaluations as the first examiner.ResultsThe mean scores for P-RB given by the first examiner were 4.6 to FG and 0.7 to CG (p<.01). He identified as FPs 89% of those who were in FG. The type of fracture was indicated correctly in 88% of patients identified as FPs. The mean scores for the three types of fracture ranged from 5.4 (Type I) to 3.3 (Type III) (p<.001). The mean scores for P-RB given by the independent examiners to FG and CG were similar to those of the first examiner. The rates of correctness in identifying the type of fracture in patients indicated as FPs varied from 87% to 80%. The mean scores assigned to the patients included in the three types of fracture ranged from 5.4 to 2.8.ConclusionsPain-related behavior evaluation of patients with osteoporotic VCF during their movements on the examining table may allow to suspect, or even diagnose, the presence of a fracture, particularly in the initial 4 to 6 weeks after the occurrence. Even orthopedic surgeons not particularly familiar with spine care may be able to suspect the injury during physical examination.     

中医药疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病的研究近况

目的:综述近年神经根型颈椎病的中医药疗法治疗进展,肯定中医药疗法的疗效,为临床应用提供有力的依据。方法:根据相关文献的内容从手法、中药、针灸、综合疗法等4个方面进行分析,肯定中医药疗法的有效性和优越性。结论:中医药疗法疗效确切,但安全性、规范性等有待于进一步探讨。     

中医经皮给药研究进展

中医经皮给药即中药外治,本文主要从中医经皮给药渊源、临床应用及中药透皮吸收促进剂三方面进行综述,提出中医经皮给药应遵循辨证的原则、加大开发中药透皮吸收促进剂、临床给药应结合中医经络穴位理论、借助现代仪器促进透皮吸收、利用现代新的制剂技术等新观点。     

“肺痨康”治疗肺结核研究

“肺痨康”是作者在中医药理论的指导下,结合长期的临床实践和结核病自身的发病特点,总结出的一张实用经验方。此方适用于肺肾阴虚、虚火灼肺型肺结核,对气阴两虚及阴阳两虚证型的肺结核也有一定疗效。临床辨证用药能促使部分患者病灶吸收,空洞闭合且不易复发,特别是对耐药性肺结核有较好疗效。     

山海螺本草考证与临床研究进展简

目的：考证山海螺文献记载,综述其临床研究进展。方法：通过查阅古今文献,考证历代本草学对山海螺的记述,汇总其功效报道。结果：山海螺别名有：羊乳（根）、四叶参、奶党、奶树、白河车等,古代本草著作中作为＂羊乳＂的一种,山海螺为肺经药,兼入肝、脾经,是治疗气虚伴有阴津亏乏、痰结肿疡的良药,有扶正之功,无恋邪之弊,补中可清,清中有宣,润而不腻。结论：中医临床应用山海螺有悠久历史,其功效不断被发掘和完善,特别是治疗肿瘤疾患方面具有广阔应用和开发前景。     

近十年乳腺增生病的中医药治疗近况

就近十年来中医药治疗乳腺增生的临床研究进行综述,从辨证论治、分期疗法、经验方治疗、外治法治疗、综合治疗等方面详尽介绍了中医药治疗乳腺增生的研究近况,为临床进一步研究提供依据。     

鼻腔给药人体吸收的细胞模型方法学研究进展

经鼻给药具备起效快,生物利用度高,入脑效率高及非侵入性等优点。但复杂的鼻腔微环境,如黏膜屏障、纤毛运动、低pH值的黏液层及酶降解等因素,为鼻腔药物研发带来了诸多挑战。尽管大量动物试验方法已经为鼻腔药物的研发提供了研究手段,但物种间的差异、高额的费用及较长的周期等因素限制了这些方法在研发中的应用,特别是在新药临床前的化合物及处方早期筛选阶段。因此,选择一种具备良好体内外相关性的鼻腔细胞模型用于指导药物的临床前研发成为了关键。基于鼻腔给药途径,无论经鼻入脑或是经鼻入血,上皮细胞的屏障作用均直接决定药物的生物利用度与药效。此外,鼻腔药物黏膜刺激性等毒理评价也是研发成功的关键因素。因此,本文归纳了现阶段基于鼻腔上皮细胞构建的体外鼻腔模型在鼻用制剂研发中的应用现状。     

Practice developments supporting change implementation in Wellington,New Zealand (NZ) for ‘continuity of care when transitioning complex preterm infants from NICU to home’

The discussion paper will focus on continuity of care relating to previous NZ research, specifically to transitioning complex preterm infants from NICU to home based on parent experiences, and on the practice developments that have occurred, to ensure optimal health outcomes. Previous NZ research discovered parent desire a consistent service delivery for the entire transition journey from NICU and at home.An informative and comprehensive opportunity has occurred for reflective professional practice, evaluation, development and implementation which have transpired in positive change through innovative practice developments and support change implementation in Wellington, NZ. This has resulted in the articulation of a model of care that has both embraced and integrated parental desires for a continuity of care process for complex preterm infants. This has been achieved by having the same Discharge Facilitator/Key Case Manager present within the NICU and external to the NICU for Home-based infants for the entire transition journey.The paper will focus and emphasis additional practice development changes and furthermore, will present a real purpose, for other countries to learn of such practice developments that have exemplified a celebratory success for families of Wellington, NZ.     

昆明市2018年～2020年新发现HIV-1感染男男性行为人群新近感染分析

目的  了解2018年～2020年昆明市通过社会组织新报告的HIV-1感染男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men,MSM）的新近感染情况和影响因素,为该人群的艾滋病防治提供参考。 方法  对昆明市2018年1月至 2020年12月经抗体筛查和确证检测后的MSM阳性样本采用HIV-1限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫方法（HIV-1 LAg-Avidity enzyme immunoassay,LAg-Avidity EIA）结合CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数判断新近感染,采用Logistic回归分析新近感染影响因素。 结果  共收集389份阳性样本,2018年1月至2020年12月HIV-1新近感染者比例分别为48.1%（90/187）、51.6%（49/95）、30.8%（33/107）,2018年1月和2019年12月的新近感染比例,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,2020年的新近感染比例低于2018年和2019年（P < 0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示职业为学生（P = 0.017,OR = 2.989,95%CI：1.221～7.318））检测出新近感染的比例高。 结论  昆明市MSM人群HIV-1新近感染的比例出现下降趋势,在部分人群中新近感染的比例较高,需要有针对性地采取措施,加强新近感染的监测,通过社会组织加强干预服务的可及性,进一步促进检测。