华中地区近代人群上、下颌第一臼齿齿冠及齿尖面积

目的 通过对282枚华中地区新石器时代到明清时期(距今5 000～200年)人类上、下颌骨第一臼齿(M1和M1)齿冠和齿尖面积的测量和分析,取得华中地区近代人群牙齿尺寸的准确数据和变异情况. 方法 采用统一标准对每颗牙齿咬合面行高分辨率摄片.运用数字图像技术与形态测量方法获取每颗牙齿的齿冠绝对面积和单个齿尖相对面积. 结果 齿尖相对面积大小顺序为:M1:原尖>前尖>后尖>次尖;M1:原尖>后尖>下次尖>内尖>下次小尖;M1齿尖相对面积的变异总体上大于M1;从大约5 000年前的新石器时代到明清时期,华中地区人类M1和M1齿冠绝对面积分别缩小了6.57%和6.15%. 结论 食物结构的变化可能是造成臼齿结构变化的主要原因,在此期间M1和M1相对齿尖面积一直保持稳定,提示现代人类相对齿尖大小比例至少在距今5 000年前的新石器时代就已经形成.     

我院临床药学学科发展的探索与实践

目的总结国内外临床药学发展及我院的实践经验,提出我国临床药学学科发展建议。方法查阅文献,对近年来国内外有关临床药学的报道进行总结,并总结我院临床药学工作的实践和体会。结果总结国外临床药学的先进经验、分析我国临床药学的进展并介绍我院开展临床药学工作的实践和体会。结论多学科交叉性是临床药学学科的重要特点,发展临床药学对于确保临床用药安全、经济、有效具有重要意义。     

腹腔内灌注紫杉醇治疗恶性腹水近期疗效

目的：观察紫杉醇腹腔内灌注对治疗恶性腹水的近期疗效。方法18例恶性腹水患者随机、双盲分为紫杉醇组和顺铂组,采用对照研究,分别于腹腔积液尽量排净后,给予腹腔内灌注紫杉醇或顺铂。每周1次,连续3周。结果紫杉醇组临床总有效率为88.9%,顺铂组临床总有效率为55.6%,两组相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。紫杉醇组生活质量改善较顺铂组明显,两组药物不良反应差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论腹腔内灌注紫杉醇治疗恶性腹水近期疗效较好,操作简单方便、不良反应少,是一种前景较好的治疗方法。     

血管内介入技术在腹部手术后近期再出血诊治中的临床应用

目的探讨血管内介入技术在腹部手术后近期再出血诊治中的临床应用价值。方法山西省人民医院2010年12月至2012年12月腹部手术后近期再出血病例10例,均在输血、补液、纠正休克的同时,采用Selding’s技术行血管造影术,确定出血动脉,并立即行出血动脉栓塞术。结果10例患者均通过血管造影发现出血动脉,并进行了栓塞术。共行血管造影11次,栓塞治疗10次,共用弹簧圈（直径2—8mrla）48枚。聚乙烯醇颗粒3g.10例患者当时均获得良好的止血效果。9例随访30d均未复发;1例胰十二指肠切除术后1周,胃十二指肠动脉残端出血,行胃十二指肠动脉残端及肝总动脉不锈钢圈栓塞术后,血压上升维持正常水平,但心率持续较快,维持在130-140次／min,可疑仍有活动性出血,24h后再次行腹部血管造影未发现异常,家属放弃治疗。结论血管内介入技术是一种安全、有效、实用的对腹部手术后近期再出血诊治手段。     

Optimal Computerized Management of Developments for Pharmaceutical Companies

Abstract

The choice of the optimal project for product development until the registration, is fundamental for best management results (better, faster and cheaper) of the various departments in a pharmaceutical company. The methodology of decision analysis rationale presented in this work is based upon data to estimate the probability of realizing projects. This is done by comparing the real versus the anticipated project by using schedule-plans during the process. This method is illustrated by describing computerized systems to manage tasks in a clinical development with GANTT diagrams and PERT networks. These computerized systems enable to estimate the full duration of a project and help to determine the critical path to take. In this example, the project presented can correspond to the full development of drugs or medical devices, from the preclnical phases through the registration, without forgetting phase 4 (post-marketing phase).     

磁共振波谱分析技术在颅脑疾病中的应用进展

近年来,随着磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)技术的发展,磁共振成像已由大体形态学向功能、代谢及分子诊断水平迈进,对了解各种疾病(特别是颅脑疾病)的生化、病理生理变化、临床诊断、判断疾病预后和治疗效果均有非常重要的意义。     

肝豆状核变性的治疗进展

阐述肝豆状核变性（HLD）在药物、饮食、外科和分子生物学方面的治疗进展，介绍了HLD的药物治疗、外科治疗和分子生物学治疗中的新方法或新技术：以DMPS等为主的药物治疗仍是治疗HLD的主体方法，肝移植等是治疗HLD中的暴发性肝功能衰竭的首选方法，基因等治疗为HLD的彻底治疗提供了可能。     

云南省德宏州2010—2011年新报告HIV-1感染者中新近感染比例及其影响因素

采用BED HIV-1捕获酶联法(BED Capture EIA,BED-CEIA)可区别近期感染与既往感染以估算新近感染率。云南省德宏州对2010—2011年新报告HIV感染者进行了BED-CEIA检测研究。     

两种艾滋病病毒新近感染检测方法在比较不同感染途径患者死亡情况中的应用

目的应用两种艾滋病病毒(HIV)新近感染检测方法区分出HIV新近感染人群,探讨不同感染途径新近感染人群的死亡速度。方法采用ML-PA、BED-CEIA两种HIV-1新近感染检测方法对2006-2011年新报告的HIV/AIDS进行检测,对不同感染途径HIV/AIDS新近感染人群中位生存时间进行分析。结果对2006-2011年2 018例新报告的HIV/AIDS采用ML-PA进行HIV-1新近感染检测,得出新近感染64例(3.17%,95%CI:2.41%～5.58%),其中累计死亡3例(4.69%,95%CI:4.17%～5.29%),性、吸毒感染死亡分别2例、1例;对2009-2011年388例新报告的HIV/AIDS采用BED-CEIA进行HIV-1新近感染检测,得出新近感染35例(9.02%,95%CI:6.17%～15.19%),其中累计死亡2例(5.71%,95%CI:4.94%～6.48%),2例均为异性途径感染死亡。结论两种实验室HIV新近感染检测方法区分出的不同感染途径HIV/AIDS新近感染人群中位生存时间均大于2年。     

Extrinsic determinants of retinal ganglion cell development in primates

As in all mammals studied to date, primate retina contains morphologically distinct classes of retinal ganglion cells (Polyak: The Retina. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, '41; Boycott and Dowling: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol.] 225:109-184, '69; Leventhal et al.: Science 213:1139-1142, '81; Perry et al.: Neuroscience 12:1101-1123, '84; Rodieck et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 233:115-132, '85; Rodieck: In H.D. Steklis and J. Erwin (eds): Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 4: Neurosciences. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 203-278, '88). We have now studied the morphologies, central projections, and retinal distributions of the major morphological classes of ganglion cells in the normal adult monkey, the newborn monkey, and the adult monkey in which restricted regions of retina were depleted of ganglion cells at birth as a result of small lesions made around the perimeter of the optic disc. Both old-world (Macaca fascicularis) and new-world (Saimiri sciureus) monkeys were studied. Our results indicate that, at birth, the major morphological classes of monkey retinal ganglion cells are recognizable; cells in central regions are close to adult size whereas cells in peripheral regions are much smaller than in the adult. As in the adult (Stone et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 150:333-348, '73), in newborn monkeys there is a very sharp division between ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells (nasotemporal division). Consistent with earlier work (Hendrickson and Kupfer: Invest. Ophthalmol. 15:746-756, '76) we find that the foveal pit in the neonate is immature and contains many more ganglion cells than in the adult. In the adult monkey in which the density of retinal ganglion cells in the central retina was reduced experimentally at birth, the fovea appeared immature, and an abnormally large number of retinal ganglion cells were distributed throughout the foveal pit. The cell bodies and dendritic fields of ganglion cells that developed within cell-poor regions of the central retina were nearly ten times larger than normal. In peripheral regions the effects were smaller. The dendrites of the abnormally toward the foveal pit. They did not extend preferentially into the cell-poor region as do the abnormally large cells on the borders of experimentally induced cell-poor regions of cat central retina (Leventhal et al.: J. Neurosci. 8:1485-1499, '88) or, as we found here, in paracentral regions of primate retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)