草药复方Bresol？抵抗化合物48/80诱导的肥大细胞脱颗粒及组胺释放：促使肥大细胞稳定的一种非免疫机制

目的：研究一种草药复方制剂Bresol？对于肥大细胞脱颗粒以及组胺释放的保护作用。 方法：使用大鼠腹膜内肥大细胞,在体外经化合物48/80诱导肥大细胞脱颗粒及组胺释放,评估Bresol？稳定肥大细胞的作用。 结果：显微镜下正常对照组涂片显示较多完整的肥大细胞,有极少量的脱颗粒肥大细胞和微量的组胺释放。阳性对照组中用化合物48/80培养的肥大细胞出现了显著的肥大细胞脱颗粒现象以及高浓度的组胺释放。而100 mg/L浓度的Bresol？明显抑制了化合物48/80诱导的肥大细胞脱颗粒。此外,Bresol？可有效抑制化合物48/80诱导的组胺释放,且抑制效果与剂量有关。 结论：Bresol？能够在体外抑制化合物48/80诱导的肥大细胞脱颗粒和组胺释放。本研究的发现可解释Bresol？对多种过敏疾病有效可能是通过一种非免疫机制。     

δ-Opioid receptor agonist SNC80 induces central antinociception mediated by Ca2+ -activated Cl- channels

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether Ca²⁺‐activated Cl^‐ channels (CaCCs) are involved in central antinociception induced by the activation of µ‐, δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors. Methods The nociceptive threshold for thermal stimulation was measured using the tail‐flick test in Swiss mice. The drugs were administered via the intracerebroventricular route. Probabilities values of P < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant (analysis of variance/Bonferroni test). Key findings The results demonstrate that exposure to the CaCC blocker niflumic acid (2, 4 and 8 µg) partially reverses the central antinociception induced by the δ‐opioid receptor agonist SNC80 ((+)‐4‐[(αR)‐α‐((2S,5R)‐4‐allyl‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1‐piperazinyl)‐3‐methoxybenzyl]‐N,N‐diethylbenzamide; 4 µg). In contrast, niflumic acid did not modify the antinociceptive effect of the µ‐opioid receptor agonist [D‐Ala², N‐Me‐Phe⁴, Gly⁵‐ol]‐enkephalin (0.5 µg) or κ‐opioid receptor agonist bremazocine (4 µg). Conclusions These data provide evidence for the involvement of CaCCs in δ‐opioid receptor‐induced central antinociception resulting from receptor activation by the agonist SNC80. CaCC activation does not appear to be involved when µ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors are activated.     

高龄老年社区获得性肺炎CRP、WBC和N％检测的意义及比较

目的 探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞(WBC)和中性粒细胞比例(N％)在高龄老年社区获得性肺炎(CAP)诊治中的临床意义.方法 选择高龄CAP52例,分析比较血清CRP、WBC和N％变化情况,观察上述指标在高龄CAP中阳性率.结果 CRP、WBC和N％水平在高龄CAP中,CRP和N％阳性率均高于WBC阳性率,且与后者比较均具有统计学差异(P值均＜0.05).结论 在诊断高龄CAP方面,CRP的敏感性高于WBC和N％,血清CRP可作为高龄CAP患者诊断的敏感指标.     

城市社区高龄老人生存现状调查

目的 了解杭州市部分社区高龄老人的生存现状,为政府及社区制定依托家庭护理和社区护理的养老服务政策提供参考依据.方法 采用便利抽样法选取杭州5个社区80岁及以上的老人为调查对象,使用调查问卷进行面对面调查,实际调查454名,调查率为71.2％.结果 高龄老人文化程度低,女性低于男性(P＜0.05);73.1％的老人与配偶或子女孙辈居住,20.7％的老人独居;高龄老人慢性病患病率高,为87.2％,失能比例高.结论 社区高龄老人慢性病患病率高,失能比例高,政府与社区应加强社区高龄老人的慢性病管理和老年护理工作,有针对性地增加家庭护理内容,给予女性高龄老人、独居老人及失能老人更多的关注与护理,以整体改善社区高龄老人的生存质量.     

老年人的他汀类药物治疗

随着我国进入老龄化社会,心脑血管疾病已经成为威胁生命的重要疾病,他汀类药物被视为安全有效的调脂药物,已成为各国心脑血管疾病防治指南的推荐用药。本文参考2009年我国老年学学会心脑血管病专业委员会起草的《中国血脂异常老年人使用他汀类药物的专家共识》,结合最新的他汀类药物治疗的相关文献进行分析,希望获得老年他汀类药物治疗的最新认识。     

高龄老年高血压患者左室肥厚的相关因素研究

目的对高龄老年高血压患者左室肥厚的相关因素进行分析。方法对168例高龄老年高血压患者〔年龄(85.4±5.0)岁〕进行超声心动图检查和动态血压监测,按Devereux公式计算左心室质量指数(LVMI)。将患者分为左室肥厚组(n=74)和非左室肥厚组(n=94),对比分析两组间临床资料和动态血压参数的差异。以LVMI为因变量,进行多元逐步回归分析。结果 (1)左室肥厚组的高血压病程、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、血尿酸、平均收缩压(24 h、白天、夜间)、脉压和24 h收缩压变异系数均明显高于非左室肥厚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组非杓型血压节律者分别为56.7%和31.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间血脂、平均舒张压和24 h舒张压变异系数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)多元线性逐步回归分析显示,LVMI依次与白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24 h收缩压变异系数、空腹胰岛素密切相关(R2=0.511,P<0.05)。结论高龄高血压病患者LVMI与多种因素相关,有效控制白天和夜间的收缩压,降低血压变异性和胰岛素抵抗,可能对改善左室肥厚有益。     

An insight into the role of barrier related skin proteins

It is well-known that intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin play an important role in maintaining barrier function, and many types of penetration enhancers affecting lipids are used in topical products to improve transdermal drug permeability. Recently, it was reported that functional proteins in tight junctions of the epidermis are important for barrier function. In this study, the effects of penetration enhancers such as fatty esters, amines/amides, and alcohols on the barrier function of the skin were evaluated in rat skin and normal human-derived epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). All penetration enhancers decreased the electrical impedance (EI), however, the potencies of some penetration enhancers were not equal between rat skin and NHEK. The differences were clarified by immunohistochemical studies: some fatty esters decreased the immunoreactivity of involucrin and keratin 10 in the upper layer of the epidermis, while alcohols decreased the immunoreactivity of desmoglein-1, claudin-1, and E-cadherin located in the lower layer of the epidermis. From these results, it is suggested that penetration enhancers show new action mechanisms disturbing barrier-related proteins in epidermis, which are classified into two categories depending on their action sites.     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法测定冠心宁注射液中聚山梨酯80的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法,建立冠心宁注射液中聚山梨酯80的含量测定方法。方法:采用TSK GELG2000SWxl色谱柱(7.8 mm×300 mm,5μm),以乙腈-20 mmol·L-1醋酸铵溶液(10∶90)为流动相,流速0.6 mL·min-1,柱温30℃,蒸发光检测器检测,漂移管温度103℃,载气为氮气,流量为2.3 L·min-1。结果:聚山梨酯80进样量在5.13～51.30μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9977);方法回收率为98.03%(RSD=1.6%,n=6)。结论:该方法简单、快速,重复性好,可作为冠心宁注射液中聚山梨酯80的质量控制方法,为降低临床不良反应的发生提供技术保障。     

Enteroglial cells act as antigen-presenting cells in chagasic megacolon

Chagas disease is one of the most serious parasitic diseases of Latin America, with a social and economic impact far outweighing the combined effects of other parasitic diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. In the chronic phase of this disease, the destruction of enteric nervous system components leads to megacolon development. Besides neurons, the enteric nervous system is constituted by enteric glial cells, representing an extensive but relatively poorly described population within the gastrointestinal tract. Several lines of evidence suggest that enteric glial cells represent an equivalent of central nervous system astrocytes. Previous data suggest that enteric glia and neurons are active in the enteric nervous system during intestinal inflammatory and immune responses. To evaluate whether these cells act as antigen-presenting cells, we investigated the expression of molecules responsible for activation of T cells, such as HLA-DR complex class II and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86), by neurons and enteric glial cells. Our results indicate that only enteric glial cells of chagasic patients with megacolon express HLA-DR complex class II and costimulatory molecules, and hence they present the attributes necessary to act as antigen-presenting cells.