Early organization of the pituitary gland in Sparus aurata L. (Teleostei) An ultrastructural study

The cell organization of the pituitary gland and the relationship between neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis in the early developmental stages of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, were studied by electron microscopy. In newly hatched larvae, the pituitary gland was embedded in the ventral floor of the diencephalon and separated from the hypothalamus by a continuous basal lamina. Elongated mesenchymal cells next to the ventral surface were observed. At this stage, there was no neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis consisted of undifferentiated endocrine cells with small scarce secretory granules and a few stellate cells, with no distinctive zonation. An incipient neurohypophysis was present in 1-day-old larvae. The first evagination of the neurohypophysis into the adenohypophysis were observed in 2-day-old larvae and developed progressively with age, being deeper in the caudal zone. Two regions in the adenohypophysis, one anterior — the presumptive pars distalis — and one posterior — the presumptive pars intermedia — were found in 2-day-old larvae. Three regions (rostral and proximal pars distalis and pars intermedia) were clearly distinguishable in 4-day-old larvae. The ultrastructural features of the pituitary endocrine cells varied during gland differentiation, with the secretory granules gradually increasing in number and size, accompanying organelle development. Nevertheless, even in the oldest larvae studied (65 days), undifferentiated cells similar to those in the earliest stages were observed. The first blood vessels appeared in the neurohypophysis around 16 days after hatching. During early development, the pituitary gland progressively emerged from the ventral floor of the brain. By 16 days, the principal pattern of the pituitary gland architecture appeared to be established.     

Image technique optimization in MR imaging of a titanium alloy joint prosthesis

The purpose of this study was to explore systematically the effect of the imaging parameters changeable by the user in spin-echo (SE) imaging sequences to minimize image distortion when imaging joint prostheses. A titanium alloy hip joint prosthesis was studied at 1.0 T. The SE imaging parameters were bandwidth/pixel (BW/p), TE, strength of encoding gradients (matrix size), echo train length (ETL), and direction of phase and frequency encoding. The effect of ETL in rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced (RARE) sequences was also evaluated with a turbo-SE sequence using a different ETL with the same TR and an effective TE. It is concluded that an optimized image quality can be achieved in SE imaging by using a high bandwidth/pixel value (at least 130 Hz/pixel), a high resolution matrix (256–512), sequences with multiple refocusing, and a frequency-encoding axis parallel to the long axis of the prosthesis. The degree of distortion is reduced with this optimized technique.     

人食管不典型增生上皮与原位癌的计算机纹理分析研究

采用计算机图象纹理分析和相关点阵检测技术,对人食管正常粘膜、不典型增生上皮及原位癌的不同纹理特征进行了观察。观察样品为常规病理切片,用计算机图象分析系统检测了组织的纹理特征。对受检图象建立了三种灰色分层关系矩阵,同时计算了8种纹理测度。结果显示,在重度不典型增生上皮和原位癌之间,其纹理测度和相关点阵检测数据均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。全部测量数据经计算机多元逐步判别分析,其正判率达90%以上。本研究结果表明,计算机纹理分析方法可正确地判别食管癌前病变和原位癌的组织结构异型性。提示本技术在食管癌的早期诊断方面具有肯定的实用性价值。     

Ethanol regulated preference in rats

A series of experiments evaluated the determinants of preference for mixtures of ethanol plus sucrose relative to sucrose in rats. One dipper served 10% ethanol mixed with 10% sucrose, and the second dipper served 10% sucrose. Lever presses operated each dipper according to a variable-interval 5-s schedule. In three experiments the subjects were given pre-session meals of sucrose (2.5–20 ml) or sucrose (20 ml) plus chow (5 or 10 g). Pre-session meals decreased responding maintained by sucrose but not responding maintained by ethanol mixture. In two experiments body weight was varied from 85% to 125% of the initial free-feeding values. Increases in body weight, like pre-session meals, decreased responding reinforced by sucrose, but typically did not decrease responding reinforced by ethanol mixture. Throughout most of the study, ethanol consumption remained at about 1.25 ml per half hour session (3–4 g/kg per 30 min). For example, pre-session access to ethanol mixture decreased within-session ethanol consumption, but total consumption, counting both sources, remained about 1.25 ml/session. The within-session patterns of responding also differed. Responding reinforced by ethanol mix decreased as a function of ethanol consumption, whereas responding reinforced by sucrose was relatively constant throughout the session. The simplest explanation of the results is that ethanol's pharmacological consequences regulated preference.     

环丙沙星滴眼剂在家兔眼内组织分布及其药物动力学

环丙沙星（ｃｉｐｒｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ，ＣＰＦＸ）滴眼液点入兔眼后，用ＨＰＬＣ法测定眼内各组织中药物浓度。结果在角膜、房水、虹膜－睫状体、晶体、玻璃体内峰浓度值分别为１９．４３μｇ／ｇ，１．５８μｇ／ｍｌ，１６．６８μｇ／ｇ，１．４２μｇ／ｇ和０．９６μｇ／ｍｌ；其半衰期分别为０．７６，０．６９，０．９２，０．６１和１．４０ｈ。结果表明ＣＰＦＸ能在眼内达到较高的抗菌浓度。     

术前左室射血分数及短缩分数对冠状动脉旁路术后恶性心律失常的预测价值

为了评价冠状动脉旁路术 (CABG)术前左室射血分数 (LVEF)及左室短缩分数 (LVFS)对术后室性心律失常 (VA)预测的准确性 ,采用术前及术后 2周心脏彩超EF、FS值 (面积长轴法 )、心室晚电位 (VLP)、心肌酶、持续心电监测的方法 ,对我院 1 5 0例行CABG术的患者进行分析。结果 :1 )术前心肌梗死 (MI)、室壁瘤、VA及VLP阳性患者EF、FS值明显减低 ;2 )术前左心功能不全 (LVD)患者术后EF、FS值明显改善 ;3 )术前LVD、VA、VLP阳性及室壁瘤患者术后VA发生率明显高于其他患者。提示 :1 )面积长轴法EF、FS值是反映左心功能的敏感指标 ;2 )术前LVD患者术后短期左心功能明显好转 ,获益最大 ;3 )非LVD患者术后因心肌顿抑导致近期心功能暂时下降 ;4 )EF≤ 4 0 %和(或 )FS≤ 2 4 %是预测术后VA的独立指标 ,FS较EF更能准确地反映心脏收缩功能 ;5 )LVD、VLP、室壁瘤等综合指标分析有助于提高对术后VA预期的敏感性、特异性和准确性     

急性中风中脏腑证型与垂体-肾上腺轴激素关系的研究

目的 :探讨急性中风中脏腑证型与垂体—肾上腺轴激素的促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH)、皮质醇 (CS)的关系。方法 :对 78例中脏腑患者进行辨证分型 ,同时利用放射免疫分析 (RIA)法测定血中 ACTH、CS含量 ,按证型分为四组 ,对比不同证型间 ACTH、CS的水平 ,并与健康人组 (60例 )作对照。结果 :ACTH、CS含量水平比较 :1四种证型的 ACTH、CS均比正常健康人组高 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;2四种证型间比较有明显差异 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,从高到低为 :痰热内闭心窍证 >风火上扰清窍证 >痰湿蒙塞心神证 >元气败脱、心神散乱证。结论 :ACTH、CS含量水平可作为判别中脏腑不同证型间的微观指标     

海藻、甘草及其相伍用对小鼠肝药酶的影响

目的：研究海藻、甘草单煎液及其不同比例合煎，单煎后混合液以及单体A、B；C、D、E对小鼠肝药酶的影响。方法：取小鼠随机分组，分别ig给药，qd,连续4d后禁食20h，处死取肝脏，称重后制成匀浆，紫外分光光度计于450nm,490nm波长下测其光密度值，计算肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量。结果：甘草、甘草与海藻合煎液及单体A，B，C，D，E均能显著提高小鼠肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量，而海藻，甘草与海藻单煎后混合液未能提高小鼠肝心浆中的细胞色素P－450的含量。结论：甘草，甘草与海藻合煎液及单体，A，B，C，D，E均能显著提高小鼠肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量，对肝药酶有诱导作用。     

新时期戏剧艺术探索的成就与困顿

八十年代初中期 ,中国戏剧积极拓展我国传统戏剧的时空观、写意性特征 ,大胆借鉴西方现代戏剧的荒诞化、意象性技巧 ,出现了探索创新、多元发展的崭新局面。其中对“三一律、一堵墙”戏剧观的突破 ,运用意识形象外显人物的内心世界 ,嫁接多种艺术手段将现实时空转化为艺术时空 ,是新时期戏剧艺术探索最突出的三项成就。而过分强调形式技巧 ,脱离观众欣赏习惯 ,致使演出市场萎缩 ,观众锐减 ,无疑是新时期戏剧艺术探索中面临的最大困顿。     

脐血CD34^＋细胞免疫表型的分析

应用免疫磁珠法分离脐血ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞，以比较ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞亚群及各系相关抗原的变化。经过分离，ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞由１．４７±０．７７％升至５７．３９±１６．１７％，分离后ＣＤ３４＾＋ＣＤ３８＾－细胞占ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞的比率为７．８２±４．７９％ＣＤ３４＾＋。细胞纯化同时可减少ＣＤ３＾＋细胞达１４．１２±９．１８倍，ＣＤ１５＾＋细胞减少１６．４２±２１．４７倍；Ｂ系（ＣＤ１９）、巨核系（ＣＤ４１）