桑寄生的本草考证研究

桑寄生类中药材，中国药典（１９９５年版）收载的原植物为Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（ＤＣ．）Ｄａｎｓｅｒ。依据我们的市场调查及文献考查，其为桑寄生科多种药用植物的茎枝及叶，其品种来源十分复杂。本文通过研究相关的古代本草，认为中药桑寄生的原植物在明清主要指槲寄生Ｖｉｓｃｕｍｃｏｌｏｒａｔｕｍ（Ｋｏｍ．）Ｎａｋａｉ，其后主要指四川桑寄生Ｔａｘｉｌｕｓｓｕｔｃｈｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌｅｃｏｍｔｅ）Ｄａｎｓｅｒ及其近缘种。     

Antipyretic Effect of Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi Herb Pair on Yeast-Induced Pyrexia Rats: A Metabolomics Study

Objective

To investigate the antipyretic mechanism of Herba Ephedrae (Eph)-Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC) herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats.

Methods

Totally 30 qualified male SD rats were randomly assigned to the normal control (NC) group, the pyrexia model (model) group, the Eph, RC and Eph-RC treatment groups by a random digital table, 6 rats in each group. Each rat received a 20% aqueous suspension of yeast (10 mL/kg) except the NC group. The 3 treatment groups were administered 8.1, 5.4 and 13.5 g/kg Eph, RC and Eph-RC respectively at 5 and 12 h after yeast injection, the NC group and the model groups were administered equal volume of distilled water. Rectal temperatures were measured at 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 30 h and urine was collected prior to yeast injection and at 6, 10, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h after yeast injection. Then urine metabolomic profiling by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition techniques were used to explore the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC. Partial least squares discriminate analysis was used to analyze the metabolomics dataset including classification and regression in metabolomics plot profiling.

Results

Compared with the NC group, rectal temperatures were significantly higher in the model group (P<0.01), while 3 treatment groups decreased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Rectal temperatures of Eph-RC-treated rats started to go down at 6 h, and markedly decreased at 8, 12, 15, 18 and 24 h (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those of the Eph and RC groups had decreased firstly at 8 h and were markedly lower at 12 h (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Seventeen potential biomarkers related to pyrexia were confirmed and identified, including pyruvic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, phenylacetic acid, hippuric acid, succinic acid, citrate and so on. Eight potential alterations of metabolic pathways including phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine, were identified in relation to the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC using MetPA software.

Conclusion

The antipyretic effect of Eph-RC herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats involved correction of perturbed amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism according to the metabolic pathway analysis with MetPA.

     

家蚕蚕蛹基因LOC101743840的原核表达、免疫学鉴定及生物信息学分析

目的原核表达家蚕蚕蛹LOC101743840(以下简称LOC)基因,鉴定LOC蛋白的免疫学特性,并进行生物信息学分析。方法将合成的家蚕蚕蛹LOC基因(gi|512917985)连接至克隆载体p MD18-T,用限制性内切酶Xho I和Bam H I分别对p MD18-T-LOC阳性质粒与原核表达载体p ET-28a双酶切,构建重组表达质粒p ET-28a-LOC并转化到E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行表达(经IPTG诱导);用Western blot鉴定重组LOC蛋白的免疫活性;用Clustalw2和MEGA5工具包分析LOC的基因;用Prot Param Tools预测LOC蛋白的理化性质;用PSIPRED和SWISS-MODEL预测其蛋白质结构。用IEDB、Preprod和DNAStar预测其细胞抗原表位。结果成功表达了家蚕蚕蛹LOC基因,其开放阅读框768 bp,编码255组氨基酸;由E.coli BL21(DE3)原核表达的重组LOC蛋白为可溶性,分子量约33 k D;Western bolt结果显示重组LOC蛋白可特异性结合家蚕蚕蛹过敏患者血清中的特异性Ig E;家蚕蚕蛹LOC与脐橙螟LOC106139919(gi|913330692)蛋白的同源性为69%。系统进化树显示家蚕蚕蛹与美国白蛾亲缘关系比较近。理化性质预测结果显示LOC蛋白质不稳定。蛋白质结构预测结果显示LOC主要的结构为无规则卷曲。T细胞抗原表位预测得到8个肽段(9-17、79-87、93-102、104-115、124-132、152-160、223-231和244-251)。B细胞抗原表位预测得到个5肽段(34-49、59-74、127-142、202-217和213-228)。结论成功表达了家蚕蚕蛹LOC,并证实重组LOC蛋白具有良好的免疫活性,为进一步研究家蚕蚕蛹蛋白的结构成分、免疫学特性及理化性质提供了实验数据。     

Resveratrol elongates the lifespan and improves antioxidant activity in the silkworm Bombyx mori

A number of research has shown that the plant polyphenol resveratrol, one of the most prominent small molecules, has beneficial protective effects in multiple organisms, including worms, flies, and killifish. To understand the effects of resveratrol on lifespan, we evaluated its effects in the silkworm Bombyx mori. In this study, we found that lifespan was significantly prolonged in both female and male silkworms treated with resveratrol. Silkworm larval weight was significantly increased from day 3 of the 5th larval instar (L5D3) to day 7 of the 5th larval instar (L5D7). However, the weight of the pupa, cocoon, and total cocoon was not significantly different in female silkworms with resveratrol treatment than that in controls. Meanwhile, resveratrol significantly improved the thermotolerance of the silkworms, which enhanced their survival rate. Moreover, antioxidant activity was increased by resveratrol in both female and male silkworms. Furthermore, an antioxidant-related signalling pathway, SIRT7-FoxO-GST, was activated in silkworms with resveratrol treatment. Collectively, these results help us to understand the molecular pathways underlying resveratrol induced pro-longevity effects and indicate that silkworm is a promising animal model for evaluating the effects of lifespan-extending drugs.     

家蚕作为模式生物在现代生物学中的应用

家蚕作为鳞翅目昆虫的典型代表和理想的生物学模型对动物科学的发展起到了巨大的推动作用,其特殊突变已经成为现代遗传工程研究的优良材料。随着家蚕全基因组框架图和精细图制作的完成,家蚕将成为后基因组时代生命科学研究领域较为理想的模式生物。本文综述了家蚕对现代遗传学的贡献,分析了家蚕作为模式生物在发育生物学、生物反应器和基因组分子平台建设等研究领域的现状,论述了家蚕作为模式生物的在现代生物学领域的应用前景。     

Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an alpha-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor from the silkworm Bombyx mori

A cDNA encoding an octopamine (OA) receptor (BmOAR1) was isolated from the nerve tissue of silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae. Comparison of amino acid sequences showed that BmOAR1 is highly identical to OA receptors isolated from Periplaneta americana (Pa oa(1)), Apis mellifera (AmOA1), and Drosophila melanogaster (OAMB or DmOA1A). BmOAR1 was stably expressed in HEK-293 cells. OA above 1 microM led to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration ([cAMP](i)). The synthetic OA-receptor agonist demethylchlordimeform also elevated [cAMP](i) to the same maximal level (approximately 5-fold over the basal level) as that induced by OA. However, other biogenic amines, tyramine and dopamine, and chlordimeform were without effects. The [cAMP](i) level raised by OA was lowered by antagonists; the rank order of antagonist activity was chlorpromazine > mianserin = yohimbine. Cyproheptadine and metoclopramide had little effect. OA above 100 nM induced a transient or sustained increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), depending on the concentration of OA. Sequence homology and functional analysis data indicate that BmOAR1 is an alpha-adrenergic-like OA receptor of B. mori.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定桑枝中1-脱氧野尻霉素的含量

 目的建立测定桑枝中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量的方法。方法采用9-芴基氯甲酸甲酯标记、配有荧光检测器的反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为DIAMONSIC C₁₈柱(4.60mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%醋酸(1∶1),流速为1.0mL·min^-1,柱温为室温,检测波长为激发光254nm与发射光322nm,正交法考察反应温度、缓冲液pH值、反应时间3个因素对DNJ衍生化的影响。结果DNJ在3.6～36mg·L^-1内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999,n=5),检测限为0.08mg·L^-1(S/N=3),平均回收率为99.2%,RSD=3.5%(n=5),在30℃,pH7下反应50min,为DNJ衍生化的理想条件。桑枝富含DNJ,其含量在桑品种、生长季节和老嫩程度间存在显著差异。结论方法准确灵敏、快速简便,可用于桑枝及其制品中DNJ含量的大数量样本测定。DNJ在桑枝中具有一定的累积作用。     

基于方差分析优化菊花ISSR-PCR反应体系

目的 对影响药用菊花ISSR-PCR扩增效果的一些因素进行优化,为进一步研究其遗传多样性奠定基础.方法 基于方差分析方法,利用正交试验从Taq酶、Mg~(2+)、dNTP和引物等4因素3水平对药用菊花反应体系进行优化.结果 药用菊花ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系:在20μL的反应体系中,Taq酶1.00 U,Mg~(2+)2.00 mmol/L,dNTP 0.20 mmol/L,引物0.50μmol/L.结论 Taq酶、Mg~(2+)、dNTP等对ISSR反应结果有极显著影响.所建立的药用菊花ISSR反应体系具有标记位点清晰、反应系统稳定、检测多态性能力较强、重复性好等特点,可用于药用菊花的遗传多样性研究.     

桂枝挥发油抗甲型流感病毒作用

目的:观察桂枝挥发油及其主要成分桂皮醛体外对甲型流感病毒A/PR/8/34(H1N1)增殖的影响及对该流感病毒株感染小鼠的治疗作用。方法:MTT法检测受试药物对狗肾传代细胞(MDCK)的半数中毒浓度(TC50)及最大无毒浓度(TC0);血凝法测定甲型流感病毒(H1N1)对MDCK细胞的感染性;MTT法和细胞病变法(CPE)测定两种药物体外抑制流感病毒增殖的有效浓度(IC50)和治疗指数(TI)。计算肺指数及HE染色观察药物对流感病毒(H1N1)感染小鼠的治疗作用。结果:桂枝挥发油和桂皮醛对MDCK细胞的TC50分别为5.38×10-3mg/ml和5.49×10-3mg/ml,TC0均为2.5×10-3mg/ml。桂枝挥发油和桂皮醛能抑制流感病毒在MDCK细胞内的增殖,其IC50分别为5.80×10-5mg/ml与5.31×10-5mg/ml,TI分别为92.82和103.35。桂枝挥发油0.174mg/kg和桂皮醛0.132mg/kg连续灌胃5d,明显降低病毒感染小鼠的肺指数,抑制率分别为26.7%和27.4%,并对病理组织形态有改善作用。结论:桂枝挥发油与桂皮醛体外明显抑制甲型流感病毒(H1N1)在MDCK细胞中的增殖,并对流感病毒株感染小鼠有较好的治疗作用。表明桂枝挥发油及桂皮醛具有抗甲型流感病毒作用,桂皮醛是桂枝挥发油抗病毒效应的主要有效成分之一。