课堂教学中的几点体会

教师要从树立良好自我形象、正确对待学生课堂提问、与时俱进、备好课等诸多方面进行卓有成效的工作,才能有效掌控学生的注意力,把学生的思想集中到讲课上来,达到提高课堂教学质量的目的。     

Assessment of the convergent validity of the Questions About Behavioral Function scale with analogue functional analysis and the Motivation Assessment Scale

The present study examined the convergent validity of the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) scale, a behavioural checklist for assessing variables maintaining aberrant behaviour, with analogue functional analyses and the Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS). The two checklists were more highly correlated with each other than either checklist with results from the analogue sessions, and the QABF was more highly correlated with analogue sessions than the MAS. Using analogue sessions, the experimenters failed to ascertain behavioural function for a number of subjects because the behaviour problems in question were low frequency/high intensity and failed to appear during the course of the analysis, pointing out a limitation of this technology. These findings, taken together with recent research outlining the psychometric properties of the QABF, seem to support the use of the QABF in a hierarchical model of functional analysis. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

《伤寒质难》以人为本思想浅探

<伤寒质难>是民国时期沪上著名中医学家祝味菊先生学术思想的代表作,该书立足于人体本身,治人为主,倡导本体疗法及自然疗能,治病疗疚时以人为本,因而疗效卓越.     

The kindergarten today: six critical questions

The kindergarten, rapidly absorbed into the public school systems of the United States at the turn of the last century, is again the focus of controversy. This article examines the fundamental premise of the kindergarten, current social needs, and their interactions in affecting kindergarten programs in the United States. Six critical questions are raised and discussed: 1) what are the developmental characteristics of kindergarten children? 2) what are the needs of kindergarten children? 3) what environment best meets these needs? 4) what is the appropriate role of the kindergarten in meeting children's needs? 5) what is the responsibility of the public school system to meet their needs? 6) what is the responsibility of society as a whole to meet their needs?     

《素问》"治未病"学术思想选讲(二)

《黄帝内经》是我国最早的中医经典著作。从医学、养生角度对《黄帝内经.素问》里有关"治未病"的条文进行诠释与讲解。     

汪机及其《针灸问对》学术思想探析

明代医家汪机著有《针灸问对》一书,集中反映了其针灸学术思想。主张"针法浑是泻而无补",提倡无病忌灸,反对保健灸法,说理熨贴,笃实明辨;提倡医家应圆机活法,灵活治病取穴,不可按图索骥,同时应提高医术保障患者的生命安全;对世医所行针刺手法和行医陋习怀疑否定,重视用针从简,不可巧立名目。     

BDNF and GDNF serum levels in alcohol-dependent patients during withdrawal

Preclinical study results suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) modulate addictive behaviour. Therefore we investigated alterations in BDNF (81 male patients) and GDNF serum levels (52 male patients) in alcohol-dependent patients during alcohol withdrawal (day 1, 7 and 14) in comparison to healthy controls (41 male controls).     

对《素问玄机原病式·热类论》之思索

目的：探讨金元四大家之首刘完素《素问玄机原病式·热类论》的学术思想。方法：运用分析、比较、总结的方法,对原著的文献进行研究。并以《素问玄机原病式·热类论》中转筋、霍乱、带下等病的论述为例,探讨其学术思想。结果与结论：刈完素著述中以《素问玄机原病式》最广为人知,其文以采五运六气为纲,《内经》原文以冠其首,诠释自意于后,特别重视热证的诊断治疗。     

Talking about smoking in primary care medical practice-Results of experimental studies from the US, UK and Germany

Objective

To analyse effects of patient and physician characteristics on questions and advice about smoking in primary care practice and to examine country differences.

Methods

We conducted a factorial experiment, employing filmed scenarios in which actors played the role of patients with symptoms of coronary heart disease (CHD) or type 2 diabetes. Versions were filmed with patient–actors of different gender, age, race, and socioeconomic status. The videotapes were presented to primary care physicians in the US, UK and Germany. Physicians were asked whether they would ask questions about smoking or give cessation advice.

Results

Female and older CHD patients are less likely to be asked or get advice about smoking in all three countries. Effects of physician attributes are weak and inconsistent. Compared to physicians in the US and the UK, German doctors are least likely to ask questions or give advice.

Conclusions

Although all physicians viewed the same cases their questioning and advice giving differed according to patient attributes and country. Due to the experimental design external validity of the study may be limited.

Practice implications

Findings have implications for medical education and professional training of physicians as well as for the organization and financing of health care.     

试论"心主血脉"

中医教材对"心主血脉"的解释是根据西医解剖和生理学的概念推导产生,不符合传统中医理论.中医的"心"并不是一个单纯解剖学的形态器官,而是一个以整体性原则确定的功能概念,是一系列有密切联系的生理病理功能的综合概括."心"与"血"、"脉"之间的关系是藏象学说中的应象关系,<内经>中并没有所谓血液由心产生,心气维持心的搏动,从...