Q & A: patient to physician FAQs: answers to common patient questions about vaccinations

This article outlines common questions about vaccinations that patients ask their physicians and provides answers to those questions.     

烧伤护理中所遇到的问题及护理方法

目的总结烧伤护理中所遇到的问题及护理方法。方法回顾性分析本院所收治97例各类型烧伤患者的临床资料和护理方法。结果收治的97例烧伤患者经过精心的护理,身体和心理的伤痛的治愈都得到良好的效果,出院后恢复了正常的生活状态。结论良好的护理是烧伤救治过程中的重要环节,也是烧伤救治成功的关键。     

问题式教学法在儿科护理学教学中的应用

目的：探讨以问题为中心、护理程序为主线的问题式教学法在儿科护理学教学中的应用效果。方法：随机抽取护理学本科专业4个班共140人，分为对照组和实验组，每组各70人。对照组采用传统式教学方法，实验组采用问题式教学法，采取随堂测试、半期考试、期末考试以及问卷调查的方式进行评价。结果：通过对两组学生随堂测试、半期考试、期末考试以及学生的学习态度、课堂知识接受能力、智能发展等方面的调查比较，经统计学分析，差异有统计学意义。结论：问题式教学法有利于调动学生的学习积极性，深化对理论知识的理解和把握，有利于学生综合素质的提高，也有利于教学相长。     

Progressive clinical case-based multiple-choice questions: An innovative way to evaluate and rank undergraduate medical students

IntroductionIn France, at the end of the sixth year of medical studies, students take a national ranking examination including progressive clinical case-based multiple-choice questions (MCQs). We aimed to evaluate the ability of these MCQs for testing higher-order thinking more than knowledge recall, and to identify their characteristics associated with success and discrimination.MethodsWe analysed the 72 progressive clinical cases taken by the students in the years 2016–2019, through an online platform.ResultsA total of 72 progressive clinical cases (18 for each of the 4 studied years), corresponding to 1059 questions, were analysed. Most of the clinical cases (n = 43, 60%) had 15 questions. Clinical questions represented 89% of all questions, whereas basic sciences questions accounted for 9%. The most frequent medical subspecialties were internal medicine (n = 90, 8%) and infectious diseases (n = 88, 8%). The most frequent question types concerned therapeutics (26%), exams (19%), diagnosis (14%), and semiology (13%). Level 2 questions (“understand and apply”) accounted for 59% of all questions according to the Bloom's taxonomy. The level of Bloom's taxonomy significantly changed over time with a decreasing number of level 1 questions (“remember”) (P = 0.04). We also analysed the results of the students among 853 questions of training ECNi. Success and discrimination significantly decreased when the number of correct answers increased (P < 0.0001 both). The success, discrimination, mean score, and mean number of discrepancies did not differ according to the diagnosis, exam, imaging, semiology, or therapeutic type of questions.ConclusionProgressive clinical case-based MCQs represent an innovative way to evaluate undergraduate students.     

简论马王堆医书《十问》“审夫阴阳”生命观及现世价值

马王堆出土简牍医书《十问》在对生命的审视中,提出了一些有价值的理论观点,深刻地影响着汉代中医核心生命观形成进程中的道德态度与伦理选择。《十问》生命观的三个层次：生命来源为“阴阳”;一切价值中“生最贵”;养生之道也就是体察天地阴阳之道。《十问》生命观具有宝贵的非有神论特征和现世价值。     

《素问·水热穴论》学术思想探源

从水肿病形成的原因、针刺治疗水肿的腧穴、针刺深浅和热病选穴原则等方面对《素问·水热穴论》学术思想进行探讨,为水热穴的应用提供依据。认为水肿其本在肾,其末在肺;针刺水病,穴有专功;针刺腧穴,因时制宜;刺治热病,穴有专用。     

汪机《针灸问对》学术思想探析

《针灸问对》成书于嘉靖庚寅(1530年),是针灸史上第一部全面评论刺灸法的专著,全书共分上、中、下三卷,设有84个问答,上、中卷论述脏腑经络、荣卫气血、针刺原理及其方法;下卷专论灸法适应证,并附载经络、腧穴、十二经见证等歌赋,内容多取自《素问》《灵枢》及当时通行的针灸书。文章从辨证察形,详审气血;遵本《内》《难》,承丹溪术;灸主温阳,无病忌灸;针主泻实,诊视为务;临床诊疗,圆机活法;见解特殊,力纠时弊等方面阐述了《针灸问对》的学术思想。     

Mentalization in CALM psychotherapy sessions: Helping patients engage with alternative perspectives at the end of life

Objective

To identify how therapists invite patients with advanced cancer to engage with alternative perspectives about their illness trajectory and their end of life.

本科生实验教学中“用问题解决问题”的探讨

在本科生的实验教学过程中,有些学生虽然掌握了一定的实验基础知识和操作技能,却达不到预期的实验效果。是什么原因导致了这种现象的发生？表象产生的根源是什么？文章对本科生实验教学中＂用问题解决问题＂的应用价值、方法和步骤进行了初步研究和探讨。