微紫青霉中的化学成分研究

目的：研究微紫青霉代谢产物对稻瘟霉分生孢子和菌丝体的生长抑制作用。方法：通过理化性质和光谱数据的分析鉴定结构，利用稻瘟霉模型测试活性。结果与结论：从微紫青霉代谢产物中分离得到了4个化合物，分别鉴定为3-(1-甲基乙基)-6-(1-甲基丙基)-2，5-哌嗪二酮（Ⅰ）、（3S，8аS）-3-甲基-1，2，3，4，6，7，8，8а-八氢吡咯骈[1，2а]-吡嗪-1，4-二酮（Ⅱ）、二十二烷酸（Ⅲ）、2-甲酰基-3，5-二羟基-4-甲基苯甲酸（Ⅳ）。上述4个化合物均对稻瘟霉分生孢子和菌丝体的生长有一定的抑制作用。     

利用稻瘟霉分生孢子筛选海兔抗有丝分裂活性组分

目的 :利用稻瘟霉生物活性成分跟踪筛选模型 ,筛选海兔中抗有丝分裂活性成分。方法 :通过观察样本引起稻瘟霉的分生孢子或菌丝形态生长异常或生长抑制的情况 ,跟踪筛选活性组分 ,并与体外肿瘤细胞毒试验对照。结果 :从海兔乙醇粗提物中筛选得到 2个具有细胞毒活性的组分 ,其体外对P388和HL-60的IC₅₀ 分别为23.4,18.6 ,19.4,12 .5μg .mL^-1。结论 :本模型首次用于海洋天然活性化合物的追踪分离 ,方便、快捷、成本低 ,显示了广阔的应用前景。     

Deletion analysis of promoter elements of the Aspergillus oryzae agdA gene encoding α-glucosidase

 The nucleotide sequence of a 1.5-kb fragment of the promoter region of the Aspergillus oryzae agdA gene encoding α-glucosidase was determined. A comparison with the promoter regions of other Aspergillus amylase genes indicated that there are three highly conserved sequences, designated Regions I, II and III, located at −670 nt, −596 nt and −544 nt relative to the start codon, respectively. The function of these consensus sequences in the agdA promoter was investigated by deletion analysis of a promoter fusion with the Escherichia coli uidA gene, using the niaD homologous-transformation system. Deletion of the upstream half of Region III (IIIa; −544 to −529) resulted in a more than 90% reduction in GUS activity and abolished maltose induction, suggesting that Region IIIa is a functionally essential element for high-level expression and maltose induction. Deletion of Region I and the downstream half of Region III (IIIb; −521 to −511) resulted in a significant reduction in GUS activity, but did not affect maltose induction. This suggested that these two elements most likely contain sequences involved in efficient expression in cooperation with Region IIIa. In addition, deletion of a 340-bp region between Region IIIb and the putative TATA box resulted in a 2-fold increase in activity. Received: 8 March/1 August 1996     

Infection of Nigrospora nonsegmented RNA Virus 1 Has Important Biological Impacts on a Fungal Host

Nigrospora nonsegmented RNA virus 1 (NoNRV1) has been reported previously in the fungus Nigrospora oryzae, but its biological effects on its host are unknown. In this work, we isolated a strain 9-1 of N. oryzae from a chrysanthemum leaf and identified NoNRV1 infection in the isolated strain. The genome sequence of NoNRV1 identified here is highly homologous to that of the isolate HN-21 of NoNRV1 previously reported; thus, we tentatively designated the newly identified NoNRV1 as NoNRV1-ZJ. Drug treatment with Ribavirin successfully removed NoNRV1-ZJ from the strain 9-1, which provided us with an ideal control to determine the biological impacts of NoNRV1 infection on host fungi. By comparing the virus-carrying (9-1) and virus-cured (9-1C) strains, our results indicated that infection with NoNRV1 promoted the pigmentation of the host cells, while it had no discernable effects on host growth on potato dextrose agar plates when subjected to osmotic or oxidative stress. Interestingly, we observed inhibitory impacts of virus infection on the thermotolerance of N. oryzae and the pathogenicity of the host fungus in cotton leaves. Collectively, our work provides clear evidence of the biological relevance of NoNRV1 infection in N. oryzae, including pigmentation, hypovirulence, and thermotolerance.     

L-乳酸高产突变株--米根霉NAF-032

运用正交试验理论,对L-乳酸高产突变株NAF-032的优化摇瓶发酵条件作了初步研究,确定了优化的发酵培养基和发酵条件.优化发酵培养基为(g/L)葡萄糖140,氯化铵1,KH2PO40.3,MgSO4*7H2O0.25,ZnSO4*7H2O0.08;优化培养条件为34℃,摇床转速200r/min,装液量50mL(250mL容积三角瓶),一次性添加CaCO380g/L调节pH值.米根霉NAF-032的摇瓶发酵L-乳酸积累量可达94.28g/L.     

东海微生物中6种环二肽类天然活性物质的分离和鉴定

目的:从海洋微生物中寻找天然活性物质.方法:利用稻瘟霉作为菌株筛选模型,对筛选出来的活性菌株F8712发酵液的醋酸乙酯提取物进行化合物分离;通过1HNMR、13CNMR和ESI-MS对化合物进行结构鉴定.结果和讨论:鉴定了6个环二肽类化合物,它们分别为环[Ala-Leu](Ⅰ),环[Ala-Ile](Ⅱ),环[Val-Pro](Ⅲ),环[Leu-Pro](Ⅳ),环[Ile-Pro](Ⅴ)和环[Leu-Val](Ⅵ).这些环二肽都没有抗稻瘟霉活性,化合物Ⅴ对鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarm)具有较强的抑制能力,其MIC为0.07 μg/ml.     

土壤真菌07-11号菌株中的酚酸性成分

以稻瘟霉 (Pyriculariaoryzae)分生孢子及菌丝形态变化为指标 ,对从云南土壤中分离得到0 7 1 1真菌的发酵产物中活性成分追踪分离 ,从其乙酸乙酯层浸膏中得到 3个酚酸性成分 ,经光谱数据分析和理化鉴别 ,分别鉴定为邻羟基苯甲酸 (Ⅰ )、4 ,6 二羟基 5 甲基异苯并呋喃酮 (Ⅱ )及 2 甲酰基 3 ,5 二羟基 4 甲基苯甲酸 (Ⅲ ) ,它们对稻瘟霉分生孢子及菌丝体都有一定抑制作用     

太平洋侧花海葵中的化学成分(Ⅱ)

目的:研究太平洋侧花海葵的活性成分。方法:采用稻瘟霉模型生物活性追踪方法,应用多种色谱技术进行分离,理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:分离并鉴定了 5个化合物,5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(Ⅰ),对羟基苯甲醛(Ⅱ),N-甲基吡啶-2-羧酸盐(Ⅲ),脲基甲酸乙酯(Ⅳ),牛磺酸(Ⅴ),其中化合物和对稻瘟霉的最小菌丝变形浓度分别为0.46mmol·L~(-1)和1.9mmol·L~(-1)。结论:5个化合物均为首次从该种海葵中获得,化合物和具有诱导稻瘟霉菌丝变形活性。     

Primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a trauma patient

We report a rare case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus oryzae that occurred in an immunocompetent trauma patient. The patient had encrusted erythematous plaques with pustules on the left shin, which had been abraded in a traffic accident. Histologic examination revealed widespread granulomatous inflammation and characteristic broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching in the dermis. The infection was cured with intravenous amphotericin B therapy.