基于化学成分变化优化麦冬硫熏工艺

目的 基于麦冬经不同程度硫熏后,相关检测指标的变化情况,优化麦冬硫熏的适宜工艺。方法 运用苯酚-硫酸法测定麦冬多糖的量;运用HPLC-ELSD法测定麦冬皂苷D和D''的量,流动相为乙腈-水（50∶50）,漂移管温度40 ℃,氮气体积流量2.0 L/min;运用HPLC-UV法进行麦冬正丁醇部位指纹图谱研究,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水梯度洗脱,检测波长297 nm,同法测定甲基麦冬二氢高异黄酮A和B的量。以硫熏麦冬的总多糖、麦冬皂苷D和D''、甲基麦冬二氢高异黄酮A和B的质量分数及指纹图谱得分为综合考察指标,以硫磺用量和硫熏时间为考察因素,运用星点设计-效应面法优化麦冬硫熏工艺。结果 在实验设计范围内,随着硫磺用量和硫熏时间的增加,多糖的量先增加后降低,麦冬皂苷D和D''的量轻微增加后降低,甲基麦冬二氢高异黄酮A和B的量逐步降低。最终确定麦冬硫熏工艺为硫磺用量120~200 g/m³,硫熏时间0.6~1.5 h,多元2项式方程为Y=0.574＋0.054 3 X₁－0.008 13 X₂－0.518 X₁²＋0.131 X₂²＋0.153 X₁X₂,R-Sq=0.971。工艺验证结果表明偏差绝对值小于3%。结论 本研究明确麦冬硫熏后相关化学成分变化情况,建立适宜麦冬的硫熏工艺。     

夏枯草多糖及凝胶抗单纯疱疹病毒的药效学研究

目的：探究夏枯草多糖及凝胶在体外和体内条件下的抗单纯疱疹病毒作用,为抗疱疹病毒新药研究提供科学依据。方法：本研究采用空斑减数法检测夏枯草多糖的体外抗单纯疱疹病毒（Herpes Simplex Virus,HSV）活性;同时,建立HSV-1（皮肤）和HSV-2（外阴部）病毒感染豚鼠模型,以病灶病变情况、丘疱疹数、典型病变评分结果以及病灶组织中HSV-1和HSV-2病毒的DNA拷贝数等为指标,对夏枯草多糖凝胶的体内抗HSV活性进行评价。结果：夏枯草多糖在体外实验中能够抑制HSV-1和HSV-2的活性;夏枯草多糖凝胶能够削弱HSV-1和HSV-2病毒感染豚鼠的病灶病变,发挥抗单纯疱疹病毒活性。结论：夏枯草多糖及凝胶在体外和体内实验中均具有抗单纯疱疹病毒的活性,具有开发成为抗单纯疱疹病毒药物的潜在价值。     

人参多糖对肾病患者外周血单核细胞诱生白细胞介素－2及其受体活性影响

通过体外研究证实，人参多糖对健康人和乙肝相关肾炎、肾病综合征和慢性肾功能哀竭患者外周血单核细胞诱生白细胞介素－２及其受体活性具有显著的促进作用，且在所试验的剂量范围内对健康人和三种肾病患者的作用均呈量效依赖性。毒性试验表明人参多糖对血细胞无毒性作用。认为人参作为一种有效生物反应调节剂，应用于临床具有重要的实用和开发价值。     

黄精药理作用研究进展

黄精为我国常用传统中药,在长江以南大部分地区广泛分布,具有补益肝肾、延年益寿等作用,是自古以来的道家养生圣药。因其含有多糖、皂苷、黄酮、木脂素、氨基酸、醌类化合物、维生素、生物碱及多种微量元素等成分,从而具有较高的药用价值和营养价值,国内各研究机构对其进行了较深入的研究,国外对其仍处于初步研究阶段。目前实验研究主要集中在黄精多糖、黄精醇、黄精皂苷提取物或黄精水提物上,以动物实验或单方和复方制剂的临床研究为主。其多种黄精制剂已广泛应用于临床,如黄精口服液、黄精茶、苁蓉精颗粒、黄精赞育胶囊、黄精精油眼罩等,发挥着不同的效用。查阅有关黄精的研究文献,对其药理作用进行全面的综合分析,多角度总结其效用价值,为黄精的深入开发与应用提供参考。     

核桃多类型化学物质研究进展及产业开发现状与发展途径

核桃Juglans regia主要含有多糖、黄酮、酚酸、皂苷、酯和醌类等多种化合物,具有抑菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖等作用,不仅可用于药物或功能性食品的开发,在食品行业等领域也具有良好应用基础和市场前景,这些活性物质是核桃中极具开发潜能的资源性物质。本文针对核桃的化学成分及其药理作用进行系统梳理,并在此基础上对其产业应用与发展途径进行了分析,以期为我国核桃资源的开发利用提供依据。     

Antibacterial‐nanocomposite bone filler based on silver nanoparticles and polysaccharides

Injectable bone fillers represent an attractive strategy for the treatment of bone defects. These injectable materials should be biocompatible, capable of supporting cell growth and possibly able to exert antibacterial effects. In this work, nanocomposite microbeads based on alginate, chitlac, hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. The dried microbeads displayed a rapid swelling in contact with simulated body fluid and maintained their integrity for more than 30 days. The evaluation of silver leakage from the microbeads showed that the antibacterial metal is slowly released in saline solution, with less than 6% of silver released after 1 week. Antibacterial tests proved that the microbeads displayed bactericidal effects toward Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and were also able to damage pre‐formed bacterial biofilms. On the other hand, the microbeads did not exert any cytotoxic effect towards osteoblast‐like cells. After characterization of the microbeads bioactivity, a possible means to embed them in a fluid medium was explored in order to obtain an injectable paste. Upon suspension of the particles in alginate solution or alginate/hyaluronic acid mixtures, a homogenous and time‐stable paste was obtained. Mechanical tests enabled to quantify the extrusion forces from surgical syringes, pointing out the proper injectability of the material. This novel antibacterial bone filler appears as a promising material for the treatment of bone defects, in particular when possible infections could compromise the bone‐healing process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海藻多糖的促排铅药效初步研究

目的海藻多糖的促排铅作用。方法将40只小鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为阴性对照组,模型组、海藻多糖组低、中、高剂量组。在给药4周后,通过石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定试药组与模型组的血铅浓度。结果染铅小鼠给予海藻多糖后,可以明显降低血铅含量(P<0.05)。结论海藻多糖具有一定的促排铅作用。     

黄芪多糖协同抗癌药物对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用

目的 探讨黄芪多糖对S-180肉瘤细胞周期的影响及与5-氟尿嘧啶使用，对S-180肉瘤细胞的杀伤作用。方法 通过四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）实验检测细胞的增殖抑制率，以观察黄芪多糖对S-180肉瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用；应用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期有改变及凋亡率。结果 黄芪多糖可抑制S-180肉瘤细胞的生长、增殖：与5-氟尿嘧啶联合应用对S-180肉瘤细胞杀伤作用强于2种药物单独使用。黄芪多糖处理后的S-180肉瘤细胞出现低于G，期DNA含量的亚二倍体凋亡峰，将细胞周期阻滞于G1期。结论 黄芪多糖对S-180肉瘤细胞有杀伤作用；黄芪多糖与5-氟尿嘧啶联合使用具有协同抗肿瘤作用。     

Novel co-axial prilling technique for the development of core–shell particles as delayed drug delivery systems

In this study, biocompatible double layered beads consisting of pectin core and alginate shell were prepared through a single step manufacturing process based on prilling apparatus equipped with co-axial nozzles. The core was loaded with piroxicam (PRX) as model non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Morphology, size distribution and shape of the double layered beads varied depending on the operative conditions and polymer concentrations. Co-axial nozzles size, applied vibration frequency, gelling conditions and, mainly, polymers mass ratio were identified as critical variables. Particularly, the relative viscosity of polymeric feed solutions inside the nozzle was the key parameter to obtain homogeneous and well-formed coated particles. The produced beads were investigated for the release kinetic in different media. Once PRX was encapsulated within the pectin core, a controlled release pattern was observed. Particularly, beads produced with 4:1 core/shell ratio (F4) released less than 30% of PRX in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) while total liberation of the drug was achieved during the next 3 h in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). More interesting, F4 tested in SIF was able to release drug in a delayed and sustained manner at established time points (2h_8.2%, 3h_32.2%, 4h_70.1% and 5h_about 100%). Based on the above results, co-axial prilling approach is expected to provide success in manufacturing systems with delayed drug release profiles. Such systems may be potentially useful in targeting diseases which are affected by the circadian rhythm, such as chronic inflammation.