外伤性近指间关节伸直僵硬的治疗

目的 探讨外伤后近指间关节伸直僵硬的治疗方法.方法 2007年8月至2012年6月,对26例(31指)保守治疗无效的近指间关节伸直僵硬,采取手术松解.术后早期在镇痛药物辅助下行功能锻炼.结果 术后26例(31指)获得3～ 12个月的随访,平均8个月.术后关节屈曲功能均有明显改善,屈度失能角度(F)明显减小,失能值降低,未发现肌腱滑脱及关节不稳者.结论 对于各种外伤后非骨性因素导致的近指间关节伸直僵硬,手指背侧松解结合术后镇痛药物和系统康复锻炼是手术成功的必要条件.     

Use of vertebroplasty to prevent proximal junctional fractures in adult deformity surgery: a biomechanical cadaveric study

Background contextVertebral compression fractures at the proximal junction are common complications of long spinal fusion surgeries that can contribute to the development of proximal junctional kyphosis or proximal junctional failure. To our knowledge, no biomechanical studies have addressed the effect of vertebral augmentation at the proximal junction.PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic vertebroplasty in reducing the incidence of vertebral compression fractures at the proximal junction after a long spinal fusion in a cadaveric spine model.Study designBiomechanical cadaveric study.MethodsWe divided 18 cadaveric spine specimens into three groups of six spines each: a control group, a group treated with one-level prophylactic vertebroplasty at the upper instrumented vertebra, and a group treated with two-level prophylactic vertebroplasty at the upper instrumented vertebra and the supra-adjacent vertebra. In all spines, the pedicles were instrumented from L5 to T10. Using eccentric axial loading, the specimens were then compressed until failure. Failure was defined as a precipitous decrease in load with increasing compression. The effect of augmentation on load-to-failure was checked using linear regression. The effect of augmentation on incidence of adjacent fractures was checked using logistic regression. Differences at the level of p<.05 were considered significant. KyphX cement introducer was donated by Kyphon, and the pedicle screws were donated by DePuy.ResultsFractures occurred in 12 of 18 specimens: five in the control group, six in the one-level group, and only one in the two-level group; these differences were statistically significant.ConclusionsProphylactic vertebroplasty at the upper instrumented level and its supra-adjacent vertebra reduced the incidence of junctional fractures after long posterior spinal instrumentation in this axially loaded cadaveric model. Additional studies are necessary to determine if these results are translatable to clinical practice.     

Proximal humeral reconstruction using nail cement spacer in primary and metastatic tumours of proximal humerus

Limb salvage surgery for malignant tumours of proximal humerus is an operative challenge, where the surgeon has to preserve elbow and hand functions and retain shoulder stability with as much function as possible. We treated 14 consecutive patients with primary malignant or isolated metastasis of proximal humerus with surgical resection and reconstruction by nail cement spacer. There were 8 females and 6 males, with a mean age of 28.92 years (range 16–51 years) and a mean follow-up of 30.14 months (range 12–52 months). The diagnosis was osteosarcoma in 8 patients, chondrosarcoma in 4 patients and metastasis from thyroid and breast carcinoma in 1 patient each. One of our patients had radial nerve neuropraxia, 1 developed inferior subluxation and 3 developed distant metastasis. Two patients died of disease and one developed local recurrence leading to forequarter amputation, leaving a total of 11 patients with functional extremities for assessment at the time of final follow-up which was done using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score. Though we were able to preserve the elbow, wrist and hand functions in all patients, the abductor mechanism, deltoid muscle and axillary nerve were not salvageable in any of cases. The mean MSTS score at the time of final follow-up was 19.09. Thus, proximal humeral reconstruction using nail cement spacer is a technical simple, cost-effective and reproducible procedure which makes it a reliable option in subset of patients where the functions around the shoulder cannot be preserved despite costlier prosthesis.     

Dynamic class imbalance learning for incremental LPSVM

Linear Proximal Support Vector Machines (LPSVMs), like decision trees, classic SVM, etc. are originally not equipped to handle drifting data streams that exhibit high and varying degrees of class imbalance. For online classification of data streams with imbalanced class distribution, we propose a dynamic class imbalance learning (DCIL) approach to incremental LPSVM (IncLPSVM) modeling. In doing so, we simplify a computationally non-renewable weighted LPSVM to several core matrices multiplying two simple weight coefficients. When data addition and/or retirement occurs, the proposed DCIL-IncLPSVM¹ accommodates newly presented class imbalance by a simple matrix and coefficient updating, meanwhile ensures no discriminative information lost throughout the learning process. Experiments on benchmark datasets indicate that the proposed DCIL-IncLPSVM outperforms classic IncSVM and IncLPSVM in terms of $F$-measure and $G$-mean metrics. Moreover, our application to online face membership authentication shows that the proposed DCIL-IncLPSVM remains effective in the presence of highly dynamic class imbalance, which usually poses serious problems to previous approaches.     

舌面散刺联合金津、玉液点刺出血治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难临床疗效观察

目的 探讨舌面散刺联合金津、玉液点刺出血治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难的临床疗效。方法 将60例脑卒中后吞咽困难患者,采用随机数字表法按患者入院先后顺序随机分为对照组30例,治疗组30例。两组均给予神经内科常规西药治疗及吞咽功能康复训练,对照组采用常规针刺,取廉泉、风府、哑门穴,治疗组在对照组基础上采用舌面散刺联合金津、玉液点刺出血,2周为1个疗程。2周后采用洼田饮水试验量表、改良曼恩吞咽能力评估（Mann assessment of swallowing ability,MASA）量表、改良Barthel指数（modified Barthel index,MBI）量表评价并比较两组的疗效。结果 治疗后两组患者洼田饮水试验量表评级比较,差异有统计学意义（Z=－4.026,P=0.000）;且治疗后治疗组的洼田饮水试验量表评级在Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级分布占比较多;广义估计方程统计结果表明,两组治疗方法产生的疗效不同,治疗组吞咽功能恢复情况优于对照组（P<0.05）,治疗后吞咽功能疗效优于治疗前（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后MBI量表评分、MASA评分均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,且治疗组MBI量表评分升高程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 舌面散刺联合金津、玉液点刺出血治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难疗效确切,该治疗方法可促进神经功能恢复,减轻患者脑卒中后吞咽困难症状,提高患者生活质量。     

反向微创内固定系统与股骨近端防旋髓内钉修复股骨粗隆外侧壁破裂回顾性研究

目的探讨反向倒置股骨远端微创内固定系统(LISS)及股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗股骨粗隆外侧壁破裂的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2015年1月中国医科大学附属第四医院骨科采用反向LISS和PFNA治疗的36例股骨粗隆骨折患者的临床资料。根据治疗方法将患者分为PFNA组20例,反向LISS组16例。比较两组患者的术前美国麻醉学会(ASA)评分、手术时间、术中出血量、骨折复位质量、住院日,术前、术后及术后10个月随访颈干角角度、术后并发症以及术后10个月髋关节Harris评分等。结果所有患者获得随访时间10~12个月,平均11.1个月。全部患者均骨折愈合,无伤口感染、内固定切出。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Harris髋关节评分、术后颈干角、术后并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访10个月后,两组患者颈干角比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论反向LISS及PFNA治疗老年复杂股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折,临床疗效都比较理想,均为较好的内固定物。     

肱骨近端骨折术中应用超声联合神经刺激仪行C4、C6横突阻滞麻醉效果评价

目的评价肱骨近端骨折术中应用超声联合神经刺激仪行C4、C6横突阻滞麻醉的效果及安全性。方法选择行肱骨近端骨折术患者90例,随机分为3组:超声联合神经刺激仪组(US组)30例、超声组(U组)30例、神经刺激仪组(S组)30例。US组采用C4、C6横突阻滞,U组、S组均采用颈丛联合肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞。比较3组的麻醉效果,麻醉操作时间、起效时间、维持时间及麻醉并发症。结果 US组麻醉效果明显优于U组及S组(P<0.05)。US组麻醉操作时间为(4.5±1.5)min,明显少于U组(6.1±1.2)min及S组(10.8±2.7)min(P<0.05)。US组麻醉起效时间为(10.6±1.5)min,明显少于U组(15.6±1.3)min及S组(18.0±1.6)min(P<0.05)。US组麻醉维持时间为(720±115)min,明显多于S组(508±101)min(P<0.05);与U组(715±113)min比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。US组麻醉并发症明显少于S组(P<0.05);与U组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肱骨近端骨折术中应用超声联合神经刺激仪行C4、C6横突阻滞麻醉效果良好,可缩短麻醉操作及起效时间、延长麻醉维持时间、减少并发症,是一种安全有效的麻醉方法。