盐酸精氨酸和醋酸精氨酸对烧伤家兔免疫功能及酸碱平衡影响的对比研究

目的观察盐酸精氨酸与醋酸精氨酸对严重烧伤家兔机体免疫功能和酸碱平衡的影响。方法选用110只大耳白兔,取其中8只作为正常对照组;余下102只造成30%TBSAⅢ度烧伤后,根据灌喂不同种类及不同剂量的药物分为烧伤对照组,0.3、0.6、1.2、2.4g/kg盐酸精氨酸组和同种剂量的醋酸精氨酸组,每组兔数10~14只。烧伤对照组家兔伤后仅腹腔注射林格液抗休克,不灌喂药物;其他各组除同烧伤对照组行抗休克处理外,还分别按上述剂量灌喂药物,2次/d,连续7d。观察各组家兔免疫功能、血气分析、Cl-代谢及死亡率的变化。结果烧伤对照组家兔免疫功能紊乱,变化趋势呈先高后低,伤后7d淋巴细胞转化率、CD4/CD8比值、白细胞吞噬率和白细胞趋化指数均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01);1.2、2.4g/kg盐酸精氨酸、醋酸精氨酸组伤后7d前述4项指标均明显高于烧伤对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。伤后7d,2.4g/kg盐酸精氨酸组pH值、剩余碱、缓冲碱、HCO3-浓度均较同剂量醋酸精氨酸组明显降低(P<0.05或0.01);前组各项指标均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05或0.01),后组与正常对照组比较变化不明显。2.4g/kg盐酸精氨酸组伤后5、7d血浆Cl-含量明显高于同剂量醋酸精氨酸组和正常对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。0.3、0.6、1.2g/kg盐酸精氨酸、醋酸精氨酸组家兔死亡率明显低于烧伤对照组(P<0.05或0.01),而2.4g/kg醋酸精氨酸、盐酸精氨酸组死亡率高于烧伤对照组及其他剂量组(P<0.05)。结论家兔严重烧伤后免疫功能下降,盐酸精氨酸和醋酸精氨酸都能有效提高机体免疫功能,疗效相当,醋酸精氨酸的安全性明显优于盐酸精氨酸;两种精氨酸的剂量都不宜过大,否则会致死亡率上升。     

药物—预胶化淀粉研磨混合物体外溶出及提高溶出机理的研究

醋酸泼尼松、消炎痛、葛根黄豆甙元与预胶化淀粉制备的研磨混合物,在体外实验中主药溶出较原药粉末及物理混合物明显加快。运用粉末直接压片工艺将研磨混合物制备的片剂,其主药的溶出也较市售片有很大程度的提高。研究表明,当药物与预胶化淀粉的比例为1:5时,经过90 min 研磨制得的混合物中,药物以无定形态存在,且以极微小的粒子分布在淀粉表面。     

比色法测定复方地塞米松霜中醋酸地塞米松的含量

用无水惭醇提取复方地塞米松霜中醋酸地塞米松，然后与四氮唑蓝显色，在４８４．５ｎｍ波长处测其吸收度，并计算含量。在１６￣９６μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１浓度范围内回归方程为Ｃ＝０．００５１６Ａ－０．０１０００，ｒ＝０．９９９５，平均回收率为９９．８９％（ｎ＝５），ＲＳＤ＝１．０３％。该方法具简便、快速，适用于制剂分析。     

Acute undifferentiated leukemia: induction of partial differentiation by phorbol ester

Expression of lineage-associated surface antigens, was studied in 7 patients with acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), 3 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 4 patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and bone marrow from 2 healthy donors, before and after exposure to the differentiating agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The surface antigens were identified by monoclonal antibodies (My4, My8, My9, MO1, B1, CALLA, T11) and formation of EA and EAC rosettes. Adherence to plastic was also assessed. Cells from the AML patients responded to TPA with an increase in myeloid antigen positive cells and other markers of differentiation. Four of the AUL patients showed, also, a large increase in the fraction of cells expressing one or more myeloid markers, in correlation with formation of EAC rosettes. In contrast, the percentage of cells expressing myeloid antigens, did not increase in the 4 ALL patients, or in the normal donors. These findings confirm the heterogeneity of undifferentiated leukemias, and suggest the hypothesis that some AUL's can be induced to express markers of early myeloid cells.     

Pattern of renal osteodystrophy in haemodialysis patients in Saudi Arabia

In order to know the pattern of renal osteodystrophy in haemodialysispatients in Saudi Arabia we conducted a multicentre study involving209 patients. The mean age of the patients was 39.4±14(18–70) years, 128 were males and 81 females. All patientswere on acetate dialysate and their mean duration on dialysiswas 3.5 ± 1.5 years. The major symptom was bone and joint pain (25.8%). The meanserum calcium was 2.1 ±0.26 mmol/l, phosphorus 2.0 ±0.36mmol/l, alkaline phosphatase 19.7± 14.6 u/l and parathyroidhormone level was 8.9 ± 3.9mg/ml. The mean serum aluminium(AL) level was 25.4±17.7 µg/l, while that of 1,25vitamin D3 was 8.1±4.2ng/l and of fluoride was 92.2 ±31.4 µg/l. The major radiological finding was osteosclerosis(70%). Dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) showed low bone mineraldensity (LBM) in 65% of the patients. Forty-one patients had bone biopsies with AL staining of thebiopsies. Of this group, 92% had changes of hyperparathyroidismand 66% of them were pure hyperparathyroidism. Sixty percentof them had variable degrees of AL intoxication. The radiologicalskeletal survey of those patients could detect abnormalitiesin only 46% while 70% of them had abnormal bone mineral density(BMD). In conclusion, osteosclerosis is the commonest radiologicalfinding in our dialysis patients while secondary hyperparathyroidismis the main histopathological diagnosis in bone biopsy, evenin patients with normal skeletal survey. AL intoxication isa significant problem in our population. DPA is more sensitivein detecting bone abnormalities than X-radiography.     

炔诺酮醋酸酯合成的工艺改进

以炔诺酮为原料，醋酐为酰化剂，使１７β－羟基酯化成炔诺酮醋酸酯。实验中发现在水汽蒸馏时加入酯酸钠可抑制炔诺酮醋酸酯的水解。经熔点、经外光谱以及氢核磁共振光谱增证明此化合物为炔诺酮醋酸酯。     

实验性重症肌无力小鼠脾淋巴细胞糖皮质激素受体测定

为探讨糖皮质激素受体（ＧｌｕｃｏｃｏｒｔｉｃｏｉｄＲｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ．ＧＲ）与实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力（Ｅｘｐｅｒｉ ｍｅｎｔａｌａｕｔｏｉｍｍｕｎｅｍｙａｅｔｈｅｎｉａｇｒａｖｉｓ．ＥＡＭＧ）的关系及其意义，应用放射配体法测定ＥＡＭＧ及用强的松治疗的ＥＡＭＧ小鼠脾淋巴细胞ＧＲ水平。模型组小鼠脾淋巴细胞ＧＲ的数量（４０７８±１３３６位点／细胞）以比照组（５３９１±１６０７位点／细胞）明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），强的松治疗组小鼠免疫细胞ＧＲ水平较模型组明显不调（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示免疫细胞ＧＲ水平下降与重症肌无力（Ｍｙａｓｔｈｅｎｉａｇｒａｖｉｓ．ＭＧ）发病机理可能有关，应用糖皮质激素治疗ＭＧ时，也应注意药物对ＧＲ水平的影响     

四环素控释药线的研究

以乙烯醋酸乙烯聚酯为载体研制出治疗牙周炎的控释药线。释药行为试验表明四环素自药线中的释药过程符合Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程。药线释药可超过８ｄ。释药过程受药线外径的影响，外径大的药线有较长的释药时间和维持有效药物浓度的时间。同时观察了温度和湿度对药线的影响。     

皮质激素类药物的多晶型及其片剂的溶出度研究

测定了不同晶型的溶解度、熔化热和表面自由能以及相应片剂的溶出度。实验表明同质多晶型物的表面自由能、溶解度和摩尔熔化热及其相应片剂的溶出度均存在显著差异。     

The role of Ca2+ in the time-dependent pepsinogen secretion of frog oesophageal peptic glands stimulated by bombesin

Time- and dose-related stimulation of pepsinogen secretion by bombesin was studied in perifused dispersed peptic glands from the oesophagus of the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. The dose response to bombesin was monophasic between 10^-10 and 10^-7 M, with an EC₅₀ of 10^-9 M. Time-dependent secretion was closely monitored at 1–2 min intervals. Though there was overlap, we could discriminate an early response at ? 2 min (phase I) and a delayed or sustained response at ± 2 min (phase II) on the basis of responses in the presence and absence of external Ca²⁺. Phase I was relatively independent of external [Ca²⁺] and coincided with ⁴⁵Ca efflux following a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic [Ca²⁺], measured by Fura-2AM. Phase II was sustained at ? 80% of control at an external [Ca²⁺] of 1–5 ,μM, but was eliminated by adding 0.5–1 Mm EGTA. Bombesin caused a sustained Ca²⁺ influx and, when this was prevented by EGTA, the response to successive stimulations by bombesin and by acetylcholine was greatly attenuated. The phorbol ester, 12–O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13–acetate, which stimulates secretion at high concentrations, was used as background at a thresehold concentration of 10^-7 M, which did not by itself stimulate secretion. At this concentration, 12–O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13–acetate potentiated the responses to bombesin and to acetylcholine. These results define the different Ca²⁺ dependencies of the immediate and sustained secretory responses to bombesin, but indicate a complex relationship of stimulation responses to Ca²⁺ homeostasis in various agonist-sensitive Ca²⁺ pools.